The answer is to configure a Conditional Access policy in Microsoft Entra ID that targets the App Service application, requires multi-factor authentication (MFA), and requires a compliant device. This is correct because a Conditional Access policy acts as the central control plane that evaluates signals like user identity, device compliance (enforced via Microsoft Intune), and authentication strength before granting access to the App Service. On the Microsoft Cybersecurity Architect exam, this scenario tests your understanding of how to layer security controls—combining MFA with device compliance—rather than relying on App Service’s built-in authentication alone, which cannot enforce device health. A common trap is choosing App Service authentication or an app registration, but these lack the granular, policy-driven enforcement of Conditional Access. Remember the mnemonic “MFA + Compliant Device = Conditional Access” to quickly recall that both requirements must be enforced through a single policy targeting the resource.
SC-100 Design security solutions for infrastructure Practice Question
This SC-100 practice question tests your understanding of design security solutions for infrastructure. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Your company is deploying a critical application on Azure App Service. You need to secure the application by restricting access to only users within your organization. The application should be accessible from both corporate-managed devices and personal devices that are enrolled in Microsoft Intune. You want to use Microsoft Entra ID for authentication and require that users authenticate using multi-factor authentication (MFA). What should you configure?
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Configure a Conditional Access policy in Microsoft Entra ID that targets the application, requires MFA, and requires a compliant device.
Option A is correct because a Conditional Access policy can require MFA and compliant devices (via Intune) for access to the App Service app. Option B is wrong because App Service authentication alone does not enforce device compliance. Option C is wrong because an app registration alone does not enforce MFA. Option D is wrong because Azure AD B2B is for external users, not internal.
Key principle: Authentication proves identity; authorization controls what that identity can do after login. Both must work for full privileged access.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
Use Azure AD B2B collaboration to allow only users from your organization.
Why it's wrong here
B2B is for external users.
✓
Configure a Conditional Access policy in Microsoft Entra ID that targets the application, requires MFA, and requires a compliant device.
Why this is correct
Conditional Access can enforce MFA and device compliance via Intune.
Related concept
Authentication checks who the user is.
✗
Enable App Service authentication and authorization with Microsoft Entra ID as the identity provider.
Why it's wrong here
This does not enforce device compliance.
✗
Create an app registration in Microsoft Entra ID and assign users to the enterprise application.
Common exam trap: authentication is not authorization
Logging in proves the user can authenticate. It does not automatically mean the user is allowed to enter privileged or configuration mode. Watch for AAA authorization, privilege level and command authorization details.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
This kind of question is testing the difference between identity and permission. A user may successfully log in to a router because authentication is working, but still fail to enter configuration mode because authorization is missing, misconfigured or mapped to a lower privilege level.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Authentication checks who the user is.
Authorization controls what the user is allowed to do after login.
Privilege levels affect access to EXEC and configuration commands.
AAA, TACACS+ and RADIUS can separate login success from command access.
TExam Day Tips
→Do not assume successful login means full administrative access.
→Look for words such as cannot enter configuration mode, privilege level, authorization or command access.
→Separate login problems from permission problems before choosing the answer.
Key takeaway
Authentication proves identity; authorization controls what that identity can do after login. Both must work for full privileged access.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.
Related glossary terms
Concepts from this question explained
These glossary pages explain the core terms tested in this SC-100 question in full detail.
Review Cisco AAA concepts — authentication, authorization, and accounting. Study privilege levels (0–15), command authorization under TACACS+, and how RADIUS differs. Then practise related SC-100 questions on access control and AAA configuration.
Design security solutions for infrastructure — This question tests Design security solutions for infrastructure — Authentication checks who the user is..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Configure a Conditional Access policy in Microsoft Entra ID that targets the application, requires MFA, and requires a compliant device. — Option A is correct because a Conditional Access policy can require MFA and compliant devices (via Intune) for access to the App Service app. Option B is wrong because App Service authentication alone does not enforce device compliance. Option C is wrong because an app registration alone does not enforce MFA. Option D is wrong because Azure AD B2B is for external users, not internal.
What should I do if I get this SC-100 question wrong?
Review Cisco AAA concepts — authentication, authorization, and accounting. Study privilege levels (0–15), command authorization under TACACS+, and how RADIUS differs. Then practise related SC-100 questions on access control and AAA configuration.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Authentication checks who the user is.
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