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Design security solutions for infrastructure →hardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

Quick Answer

The correct answer is that this Azure Policy denies SQL servers from using Azure AD authentication. The policy definition evaluates the SQL server’s administrator type property; when the value equals 'ActiveDirectory', the deny effect is triggered, blocking the resource creation or update. This enforces that SQL servers must use SQL authentication instead of Azure AD-based admin logins. On the Microsoft Cybersecurity Architect exam, this scenario tests your ability to read a policy definition’s condition and effect—a common trap is confusing the deny effect with an allow or audit action, or misreading the property being checked as a firewall rule rather than the admin type. Remember that the policy explicitly denies when Azure AD is detected, so it’s a restrictive control, not a permissive one. A useful memory tip: “Deny the directory” — if the admin type is ActiveDirectory, the policy denies it.

SC-100 Design security solutions for infrastructure Practice Question

This SC-100 practice question tests your understanding of design security solutions for infrastructure. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

Exhibit

{
  "properties": {
    "policyRule": {
      "if": {
        "anyOf": [
          {
            "field": "Microsoft.Sql/servers/administrators/type",
            "equals": "ActiveDirectory"
          }
        ]
      },
      "then": {
        "effect": "deny"
      }
    }
  }
}

Refer to the exhibit. You are reviewing an Azure Policy definition in JSON. What does this policy do?

Question 1hardmultiple choice
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Exhibit

{
  "properties": {
    "policyRule": {
      "if": {
        "anyOf": [
          {
            "field": "Microsoft.Sql/servers/administrators/type",
            "equals": "ActiveDirectory"
          }
        ]
      },
      "then": {
        "effect": "deny"
      }
    }
  }
}

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

Denies SQL servers from using Azure AD authentication

The policy checks if the SQL server administrator type is 'ActiveDirectory' and denies (deny) if true. This means it blocks the use of Azure AD authentication for SQL servers. Option B is correct. Option A is incorrect because it denies, not allows. Option C is incorrect because it checks the administrator type, not firewall. Option D is incorrect because it does not enforce AD admin; it denies if AD admin is set.

Key principle: ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • ✓

    Denies SQL servers from using Azure AD authentication

    Why this is correct

    The policy denies if the administrator type is ActiveDirectory.

    Related concept

    Standard ACLs match source addresses.

  • ✗

    Allows SQL servers to use Azure AD authentication

    Why it's wrong here

    The effect is deny, not allow.

  • ✗

    Denies SQL servers that do not have a firewall rule

    Why it's wrong here

    The policy checks for administrator type, not firewall.

  • ✗

    Enforces that all SQL servers must have an Azure AD admin

    Why it's wrong here

    The policy denies if an AD admin exists, so it does not enforce.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: ACLs stop at the first match

ACLs are processed top to bottom. The first matching entry wins, and an implicit deny usually exists at the end.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

ACL questions test precision: source, destination, protocol, port and direction. A generally correct ACL can still fail if it is applied on the wrong interface or in the wrong direction.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Standard ACLs match source addresses.
  • Extended ACLs can match source, destination, protocol and ports.
  • The first matching ACL entry is used.
  • There is usually an implicit deny at the end.

TExam Day Tips

  • Check inbound versus outbound direction.
  • Read the ACL from top to bottom.
  • Look for a broader permit or deny above the intended line.

Key takeaway

ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related SC-100 ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this SC-100 question test?

Design security solutions for infrastructure — This question tests Design security solutions for infrastructure — Standard ACLs match source addresses..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Denies SQL servers from using Azure AD authentication — The policy checks if the SQL server administrator type is 'ActiveDirectory' and denies (deny) if true. This means it blocks the use of Azure AD authentication for SQL servers. Option B is correct. Option A is incorrect because it denies, not allows. Option C is incorrect because it checks the administrator type, not firewall. Option D is incorrect because it does not enforce AD admin; it denies if AD admin is set.

What should I do if I get this SC-100 question wrong?

Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related SC-100 ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Standard ACLs match source addresses.

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Last reviewed: Jun 21, 2026

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