Question 355 of 504
CryptographyhardMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

Quick Answer

The answer is that the certificate uses SHA-1 for the signature algorithm, which is a critical security vulnerability. The signature algorithm sha1WithRSAEncryption is deprecated because SHA-1 is cryptographically weak and susceptible to collision attacks, allowing an attacker to forge a valid certificate. On the Systems Security Certified Practitioner SSCP exam, this question tests your ability to identify deprecated cryptographic weaknesses in TLS handshake outputs, often as a distractor alongside valid options like AES-128 or ECDHE forward secrecy. A common trap is focusing on expiration dates or key exchange strength instead of the signature hash; remember that SHA-1 is broken for digital signatures, even if the certificate is otherwise valid. For a quick memory tip, think “SHA-1 is a no-go for signatures” — if you see SHA-1 in the signature algorithm field, flag it immediately as a vulnerability.

SSCP Cryptography Practice Question

This SSCP practice question tests your understanding of cryptography. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.
openssl s_client -connect example.com:443
...
Certificate chain
 0 s:/CN=example.com
   i:/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt
   Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
...
Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256

Based on the TLS connection output, what is a potential security vulnerability?

Question 1hardmultiple choice
Full question →

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.
openssl s_client -connect example.com:443
...
Certificate chain
 0 s:/CN=example.com
   i:/C=US/O=Let's Encrypt
   Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
...
Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

The certificate uses SHA-1 for the signature algorithm

The signature algorithm sha1WithRSAEncryption is deprecated for certificates; SHA-1 is weak and should not be used. Options A, B, D are incorrect: the certificate is not expired (no date shown), AES-128 is acceptable, and ECDHE provides forward secrecy.

Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • The certificate has expired

    Why it's wrong here

    No expiration date is shown, but the output does not indicate expiry.

  • The key exchange is ephemeral, reducing security

    Why it's wrong here

    Ephemeral key exchange provides forward secrecy, improving security.

  • The cipher suite uses AES-128, which is too weak

    Why it's wrong here

    AES-128 is still considered secure for most purposes.

  • The certificate uses SHA-1 for the signature algorithm

    Why this is correct

    SHA-1 is deprecated due to collision attacks.

    Related concept

    Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic

NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.

Trap categories for this question

  • Command / output trap

    No expiration date is shown, but the output does not indicate expiry.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
  • PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
  • Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
  • NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.

TExam Day Tips

  • Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
  • Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
  • Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.

Key takeaway

NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A developer is choosing between AES-256 (symmetric) and RSA-2048 (asymmetric) for encrypting a large file that will be sent to a partner. Symmetric encryption is fast but requires key exchange; asymmetric is slower but solves the key distribution problem. A hybrid approach — encrypt the file with AES, encrypt the AES key with RSA — is standard. Questions like this test whether you understand when each approach applies.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related SSCP NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this SSCP question test?

Cryptography — This question tests Cryptography — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: The certificate uses SHA-1 for the signature algorithm — The signature algorithm sha1WithRSAEncryption is deprecated for certificates; SHA-1 is weak and should not be used. Options A, B, D are incorrect: the certificate is not expired (no date shown), AES-128 is acceptable, and ECDHE provides forward secrecy.

What should I do if I get this SSCP question wrong?

Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related SSCP NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.

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Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026

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This SSCP practice question is part of Courseiva's free ISC2 certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the SSCP exam.