A production database server is running out of memory. Which setting in SQL Server limits the amount of memory the instance can consume from the OS?
max server memory caps the buffer pool and other instance allocations, preventing SQL Server from consuming all available OS memory. Setting it bounds instance consumption so the operating system retains memory for its own processes.
Why this answer
The 'max server memory' setting in SQL Server configures the upper limit of memory that the SQL Server instance can allocate from the operating system. Setting this value prevents SQL Server from consuming all available memory and starving the OS or other applications, which is critical on a production server.
Exam trap
DS0-001 often tests the confusion between 'max server memory' and 'min server memory', or between instance-level memory limits and per-query memory grants, so candidates must read carefully.
How to eliminate wrong answers
Option B is wrong because query memory grant is a per-query allocation for operations like sorts and hashes, not an instance-wide limit. Option C is wrong because working set size is the amount of physical memory currently used by the process, not a configurable limit. Option D is wrong because 'min server memory' sets the minimum memory that SQL Server will attempt to keep available, not the maximum.