This CV0-004 practice question tests your understanding of security. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A multinational corporation runs a critical application on a private cloud hosted in their data center. The application uses virtual machines (VMs) that are attached to a storage area network (SAN) for block storage. The company is migrating the application to a public cloud IaaS model to reduce on-premises costs. The security team mandates that all data at rest in the cloud must be encrypted using customer-managed keys, and the cloud provider must not have access to the keys. The application requires low-latency block storage for a database. The storage must be replicated within the same region for availability. The cloud architect needs to choose a storage solution that meets these security and performance requirements. The cloud provider offers: (A) Object storage with server-side encryption using provider-managed keys. (B) Ephemeral instance storage with encryption at rest using provider-managed keys. (C) Persistent block storage volumes with encryption using customer-managed keys stored in the provider's key management service (KMS) integrated with hardware security modules (HSM). (D) Network file system (NFS) shares encrypted with customer-managed keys managed on-premises. Which option should the architect choose?
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Persistent block storage volumes with encryption using customer-managed keys stored in the provider's KMS/HSM.
Option C is correct because it provides persistent block storage for low-latency database needs, and the encryption uses customer-managed keys stored in the provider's KMS/HSM, ensuring the provider cannot access the keys (the keys are encrypted by HSM and the customer retains control). Option A is wrong because object storage is not suitable for low-latency block storage, and the keys are provider-managed. Option B is wrong because ephemeral storage is not persistent and replication is not guaranteed; also provider-managed keys. Option D is wrong because NFS is file storage, not block, and managing keys on-premises would add latency and complexity.
Key principle: OSPF neighbour adjacency depends on matching area, hello/dead timers, network type, and authentication — IP reachability alone is not enough.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
Object storage with server-side encryption using provider-managed keys.
Why it's wrong here
Object storage is not block storage and does not provide low latency for databases.
✗
Ephemeral instance storage with encryption at rest using provider-managed keys.
Why it's wrong here
Ephemeral storage is temporary and not suitable for persistent database data.
✗
Network file system (NFS) shares encrypted with customer-managed keys managed on-premises.
Why it's wrong here
NFS is file storage, not block, and on-premises key management adds latency.
✓
Persistent block storage volumes with encryption using customer-managed keys stored in the provider's KMS/HSM.
Why this is correct
Meets all requirements: block storage, persistent, encrypted with customer-managed keys, and provider cannot access keys.
Common exam trap: OSPF can fail even when IP connectivity looks correct
OSPF neighbour formation depends on matching areas, timers, network type, authentication and passive-interface behaviour. Do not choose an answer only because the devices can ping.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
OSPF questions usually test the details that control adjacency and route selection. Read the neighbour state, area, router ID and interface configuration before deciding what is wrong.
KKey Concepts to Remember
OSPF neighbours must agree on key parameters.
Router ID selection can affect neighbour relationships and LSDB output.
OSPF cost influences the preferred path.
A route can appear in OSPF information but not become the installed route.
TExam Day Tips
→Check area mismatch first when OSPF adjacency fails.
→Review passive interfaces when a network is advertised but no neighbour forms.
→Use show ip ospf neighbor and show ip route clues carefully.
Key takeaway
OSPF neighbour adjacency depends on matching area, hello/dead timers, network type, and authentication — IP reachability alone is not enough.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A small business has 20 workstations on the 192.168.1.0/24 network and one public IP from its ISP. The router uses PAT (NAT overload) so all 20 devices share one public address using different source ports. NAT questions test whether you understand the four address terms and which direction each translation applies.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review OSPF neighbour requirements — matching area type, hello and dead timers, network type, stub flags, and authentication. Study show ip ospf neighbor states (INIT, 2-WAY, FULL). Then practise related CV0-004 OSPF questions on adjacency and route selection.
Security — This question tests Security — OSPF neighbours must agree on key parameters..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Persistent block storage volumes with encryption using customer-managed keys stored in the provider's KMS/HSM. — Option C is correct because it provides persistent block storage for low-latency database needs, and the encryption uses customer-managed keys stored in the provider's KMS/HSM, ensuring the provider cannot access the keys (the keys are encrypted by HSM and the customer retains control). Option A is wrong because object storage is not suitable for low-latency block storage, and the keys are provider-managed. Option B is wrong because ephemeral storage is not persistent and replication is not guaranteed; also provider-managed keys. Option D is wrong because NFS is file storage, not block, and managing keys on-premises would add latency and complexity.
What should I do if I get this CV0-004 question wrong?
Review OSPF neighbour requirements — matching area type, hello and dead timers, network type, stub flags, and authentication. Study show ip ospf neighbor states (INIT, 2-WAY, FULL). Then practise related CV0-004 OSPF questions on adjacency and route selection.
What is the key concept behind this question?
OSPF neighbours must agree on key parameters.
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