- A
Implement runtime security monitoring
Runtime security detects suspicious container behavior.
- B
Store secrets in ConfigMaps
Why wrong: Secrets should be stored in dedicated secrets management, not ConfigMaps.
- C
Disable audit logging to reduce overhead
Why wrong: Disabling audit logging reduces visibility, not improve security.
- D
Use default service accounts for all pods
Why wrong: Default service accounts may have excessive permissions.
- E
Enable image scanning for vulnerabilities
Image scanning detects known vulnerabilities in base images.
Question 489 of 997
CV0-004 Security Practice Question
This CV0-004 practice question tests your understanding of security. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A cloud security engineer is hardening a Kubernetes cluster. Which TWO measures should be implemented to improve container security? (Choose two.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Implement runtime security monitoring
A is correct because runtime security monitoring (e.g., using Falco, Sysdig, or Aqua Security) detects and alerts on anomalous behavior within running containers, such as unexpected system calls, privilege escalations, or file system changes. This is a critical layer of defense that complements image scanning by catching threats that bypass static checks, such as zero-day exploits or compromised containers. Without runtime monitoring, malicious activity inside a container can go undetected until significant damage occurs.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Implement runtime security monitoring
Why this is correct
Runtime security detects suspicious container behavior.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Store secrets in ConfigMaps
Why it's wrong here
Secrets should be stored in dedicated secrets management, not ConfigMaps.
- ✗
Disable audit logging to reduce overhead
Why it's wrong here
Disabling audit logging reduces visibility, not improve security.
- ✗
Use default service accounts for all pods
Why it's wrong here
Default service accounts may have excessive permissions.
- ✓
Enable image scanning for vulnerabilities
Why this is correct
Image scanning detects known vulnerabilities in base images.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
Cisco often tests the misconception that ConfigMaps are a secure place for secrets, but ConfigMaps lack encryption and access control features, making them unsuitable for sensitive data.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Runtime security monitoring tools like Falco use eBPF (extended Berkeley Packet Filter) to hook into kernel-level system calls, allowing them to detect container breakouts, reverse shells, or cryptominers in real time without modifying the container image. Image scanning (e.g., with Trivy or Clair) checks container images against vulnerability databases (e.g., NVD, Red Hat OVAL) at rest and during CI/CD pipelines, but it cannot detect threats that emerge after deployment, such as a compromised dependency that downloads a malicious payload. Together, these two measures provide defense-in-depth: static analysis prevents known vulnerabilities from being deployed, while runtime monitoring catches dynamic threats that evade static checks.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A junior network technician can log in to a core router but cannot reach the enable prompt or configuration mode. The AAA server is authenticating the login — but the authorisation policy only grants privilege level 1, not 15. Authentication (who you are) is working; authorisation (what you can do) is not.
What to study next
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this CV0-004 question test?
Security — This question tests Security — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Implement runtime security monitoring — A is correct because runtime security monitoring (e.g., using Falco, Sysdig, or Aqua Security) detects and alerts on anomalous behavior within running containers, such as unexpected system calls, privilege escalations, or file system changes. This is a critical layer of defense that complements image scanning by catching threats that bypass static checks, such as zero-day exploits or compromised containers. Without runtime monitoring, malicious activity inside a container can go undetected until significant damage occurs.
What should I do if I get this CV0-004 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026
This CV0-004 practice question is part of Courseiva's free CompTIA certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the CV0-004 exam.
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