220-1102 Practice Question: A technician installed Ubuntu Linux on a Windows…

Answer choices

Why each option matters

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Answer analysis

Why the other options are wrong

Understanding why incorrect options are tempting is as important as knowing the correct answer.

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  sudo grub-install /dev/sda

  This command installs GRUB to the MBR of the first disk, which is used for legacy BIOS booting, not UEFI. On a UEFI system, the bootloader must be installed to the EFI System Partition (ESP).

• ✗

  sudo update-grub

  This command regenerates the GRUB configuration file (grub.cfg) but does not install or reinstall the GRUB bootloader to the ESP. It is useful after changing kernel parameters or adding new operating systems, but it will not fix a missing bootloader.

• ✗

  sudo fdisk -l

  This command lists the partition table of the disk. It is useful for verifying that the ESP exists and is mounted, but it does not install or repair the bootloader.

Technical deep dive

How to think about this question

The core concept tested here is the proper reinstallation of the GRUB bootloader in a UEFI environment, specifically when a dual-boot setup fails to present the GRUB menu. In UEFI systems, bootloaders are not written to the Master Boot Record (MBR) but rather as EFI applications within a special FAT32 formatted partition called the EFI System Partition (ESP). The correct command, `sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB`, explicitly instructs GRUB to compile itself for a 64-bit EFI target, specifies the mount point of the ESP (typically `/boot/efi` in Ubuntu), and assigns an identifier for the boot entry in the UEFI firmware. This process creates the necessary `.efi` file within the ESP and registers it with the motherboard's firmware, ensuring that GRUB is recognized as a bootable option and can then load its configuration to present the operating system choices. This differs significantly from legacy BIOS booting, where `sudo grub-install /dev/sda` would write GRUB to the MBR. Attempting the MBR installation on a UEFI system will not create a functional boot entry and will not resolve the issue. Similarly, `sudo update-grub` is used to rebuild the `grub.cfg` file, which lists the available operating systems and their boot parameters, but it does not install the bootloader itself to the ESP or register it with the UEFI firmware. If the GRUB bootloader is missing or corrupted in the ESP, simply updating its configuration file will not make it bootable. `sudo fdisk -l` is a diagnostic tool to view partition tables and is entirely unrelated to installing or repairing bootloaders.

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