- A
violation[{"msg": "Seccomp profile must be RuntimeDefault"}] { input.review.object.spec.containers[_].securityContext.seccompProfile.type == "Unconfined" }
Why wrong: This denies pods that have Unconfined, but does not require RuntimeDefault.
- B
violation[{"msg": "Seccomp profile must be RuntimeDefault"}] { input.review.object.spec.containers[_].securityContext.seccompProfile == "RuntimeDefault" }
Why wrong: This denies pods that DO have the correct profile, which is the opposite.
- C
violation[{"msg": "Seccomp profile must be RuntimeDefault"}] { input.review.object.spec.securityContext.seccompProfile.type != "RuntimeDefault" }
Why wrong: This only checks pod-level securityContext, missing container-level.
- D
violation[{"msg": "Seccomp profile must be RuntimeDefault"}] { input.review.object.spec.containers[_].securityContext.seccompProfile.type != "RuntimeDefault" }
This denies pods that do not have the required seccomp profile.
Enforce seccomp RuntimeDefault in Containers with OPA Gatekeeper Rego
This CKS practice question tests your understanding of minimize microservice vulnerabilities. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A cluster administrator wants to ensure that all pods in a namespace run with the `seccomp` profile set to `RuntimeDefault`. Which OPA Gatekeeper ConstraintTemplate would achieve this?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
violation[{"msg": "Seccomp profile must be RuntimeDefault"}] { input.review.object.spec.containers[_].securityContext.seccompProfile.type != "RuntimeDefault" }
Option D is correct because it uses the Rego rule `input.review.object.spec.containers[_].securityContext.seccompProfile.type != "RuntimeDefault"` to check that every container in the pod has its seccomp profile type set to `RuntimeDefault`. This ensures that any container without the required profile triggers a violation, enforcing the cluster administrator's policy.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
violation[{"msg": "Seccomp profile must be RuntimeDefault"}] { input.review.object.spec.containers[_].securityContext.seccompProfile.type == "Unconfined" }
Why it's wrong here
This denies pods that have Unconfined, but does not require RuntimeDefault.
- ✗
violation[{"msg": "Seccomp profile must be RuntimeDefault"}] { input.review.object.spec.containers[_].securityContext.seccompProfile == "RuntimeDefault" }
Why it's wrong here
This denies pods that DO have the correct profile, which is the opposite.
- ✗
violation[{"msg": "Seccomp profile must be RuntimeDefault"}] { input.review.object.spec.securityContext.seccompProfile.type != "RuntimeDefault" }
Why it's wrong here
This only checks pod-level securityContext, missing container-level.
- ✓
violation[{"msg": "Seccomp profile must be RuntimeDefault"}] { input.review.object.spec.containers[_].securityContext.seccompProfile.type != "RuntimeDefault" }
Why this is correct
This denies pods that do not have the required seccomp profile.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The exam often tests the distinction between pod-level (`spec.securityContext`) and container-level (`spec.containers[_].securityContext`) security contexts, and the trap here is that candidates mistakenly check the pod-level field, which does not enforce the policy on individual containers.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
In Kubernetes, seccomp profiles are configured via the `securityContext.seccompProfile.type` field, which can be `RuntimeDefault`, `Localhost`, or `Unconfined`. The OPA Gatekeeper ConstraintTemplate uses Rego to inspect the `input.review.object` which represents the admission review request; iterating over `containers[_]` ensures each container is checked individually, as container-level settings override pod-level settings. A real-world scenario where this matters is when a pod has a sidecar container that inadvertently omits the seccomp profile, leaving it unconfined and vulnerable to syscall attacks.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A practitioner preparing for the CKS exam encounters this exact type of scenario on the job. The correct answer here is not the most general option — it is the best answer for the specific constraint described. Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option. Real exam questions reward reading the full scenario before eliminating options, because the constraint defines which answer fits.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
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Minimize Microservice Vulnerabilities — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this CKS question test?
Minimize Microservice Vulnerabilities — This question tests Minimize Microservice Vulnerabilities — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: violation[{"msg": "Seccomp profile must be RuntimeDefault"}] { input.review.object.spec.containers[_].securityContext.seccompProfile.type != "RuntimeDefault" } — Option D is correct because it uses the Rego rule `input.review.object.spec.containers[_].securityContext.seccompProfile.type != "RuntimeDefault"` to check that every container in the pod has its seccomp profile type set to `RuntimeDefault`. This ensures that any container without the required profile triggers a violation, enforcing the cluster administrator's policy.
What should I do if I get this CKS question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026
This CKS practice question is part of Courseiva's free CNCF certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the CKS exam.
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