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Scenario-based practice

VLAN and Inter-VLAN Routing Scenarios

Practise 350-601 VLAN and trunking questions covering access ports, trunk ports, allowed VLAN lists, native VLAN, inter-VLAN routing, and command-output troubleshooting.

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Scenario guide

How to approach vlan and inter-vlan routing scenarios

VLAN misconfiguration is one of the top sources of connectivity failures in real networks and one of the most tested areas on the CCNA. These questions cover VLAN access ports, 802.1Q trunks, native VLANs, and router-on-a-stick or layer-3 switch inter-VLAN routing.

Quick answer

Routing questions usually test route selection (administrative distance, metric), how static routes are configured and when they are preferred over dynamic routing.

Administrative distance comparing routing sources.

Static route configuration: next-hop vs exit interface.

Default route propagation and the gateway of last resort.

Recursive routing table lookups.

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Practice set

Practice scenarios

Question 1mediummultiple choice
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A company is deploying FCoE in their data center. The design includes a Cisco Nexus 9000 switch with FEX modules. The storage team insists on using dedicated FCoE VLANs. Which best practice should be followed to ensure lossless behavior for FCoE traffic?

Question 2hardmultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. An automation script queries the Cisco Nexus 9000 using the NX-API JSON format and receives the above output. The script is designed to validate that interface Eth1/1 is in access mode with VLAN 100. However, the script reports a failure. What is the most likely reason?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

{
  "totalCount": "1",
  "imdata": [
    {
      "l1PhysIf": {
        "attributes": {
          "id": "Eth1/1",
          "adminSt": "up",
          "descr": "To-Server",
          "mtu": "1500",
          "switchportMode": "access",
          "accessVlan": "100"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
Question 3mediummultiple choice
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A large enterprise is deploying a new storage network for a VMware vSphere cluster with 200 VMs. The cluster uses vSphere 7 with vVols and requires a SAN that supports 16 Gbps FC. The storage team wants to use a Cisco MDS 9148S switch and has configured two VSANs: VSAN 100 for production and VSAN 200 for backup. The backup server is connected to VSAN 200. After the deployment, the backup administrator reports that backup jobs from the backup server to the storage array are failing. The storage array is connected to both VSANs via a single FC interface configured in 'auto' mode. The backup server is connected to an F-port in VSAN 200. The storage array's interface shows 'trunking' enabled and is in 'up' state. What is the most likely cause of the backup failure?

Question 4mediummultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. An automation script is used to configure a new VLAN 40 on Eth1/2 trunk. The script sends the following NX-API command: 'switchport trunk allowed vlan add 40'. After execution, the engineer runs 'show running-config interface eth1/2' and sees that the trunk allowed VLAN list shows '10,20,30,40'. However, the automation script logs indicate success for adding VLAN 40, but the running config does not show the change. What is the most likely issue?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

interface Eth1/1
  description Server-Connection
  switchport mode access
  switchport access vlan 100
  spanning-tree port type edge
  no shutdown

interface Eth1/2
  description Trunk-to-Core
  switchport mode trunk
  switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20,30
  spanning-tree port type network
  no shutdown
Question 5mediummultiple choice
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An organization is deploying Cisco ISE for 802.1X authentication on Cisco Nexus switches. Some endpoints fail authentication and fall back to the MAB. The security policy requires that endpoints failing both 802.1X and MAB be placed in a restricted VLAN. Which configuration is needed on the switch port?

Question 6mediummultiple choice
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A UCS administrator notices that a service profile associated with a vNIC template that uses 'fabric failover' is not failing over to the secondary Fabric Interconnect when the primary link goes down. The vNIC template is set to 'fabric failover' enabled, and both Fabric Interconnects are in the same VLAN. What is the most likely cause?

Question 7easymultiple choice
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A network engineer wants to automate the deployment of a new VLAN across all Cisco Nexus switches in a data center using Python scripts. Which tool is most appropriate for this task?

Question 8mediummultiple choice
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A data center engineer is troubleshooting intermittent connectivity between two servers in different VLANs. The servers are connected to different leaf switches in a VXLAN EVPN fabric. When checking the fabric, the engineer notices that the NVE interface on one leaf is up/up but the VNI for the server VLAN is not listed in 'show nve vni'. What is the most likely cause?

Question 9mediummultiple choice
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An organization is deploying Cisco ACI in a brownfield data center. They have existing VLANs that need to be mapped to ACI EPGs. The network team notices that some VLANs are used across multiple tenants. How should the engineer design the VLAN pool to support overlapping VLANs?

Question 10mediummultiple choice
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A server connected to Ethernet1/1 is unable to communicate on VLAN 1. The server is configured to send untagged frames. Based on the exhibit, what is the most likely cause?

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

! Nexus 9000 switch
interface Ethernet1/1
  switchport mode trunk
  switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20,30
  spanning-tree port type edge trunk
  no shutdown

! Switchport statistics
Ethernet1/1 is up, line protocol is up
  Hardware: 1000/10000 Ethernet, address: xxxx.xxxx.xxxx
  Description: Server connection
  MTU 1500 bytes
  Port mode is trunk
  Trunk encapsulation is 802.1Q
  Trunk allowed vlans: 10,20,30
  Trunk native vlan: 1
  Vlans allowed on trunk: 10,20,30
  Vlans active and untagged: 1
  Vlans active and tagged: 10,20,30

interface port-channel1
  switchport mode trunk
  switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20,30
  spanning-tree port type edge trunk
  no shutdown
Question 11easymultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. An engineer is configuring a server-facing interface on a Nexus switch. The server is running VMware ESXi with multiple virtual machines in VLANs 10, 20, and 30. After applying the configuration, the ESXi host reports that it cannot communicate on VLAN 30. Which configuration change should be made?

Exhibit

show running-config interface ethernet 1/1
!
interface Ethernet1/1
  switchport mode trunk
  switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20,30
  spanning-tree port type edge trunk
  no shutdown
Question 12hardmultiple choice
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Refer to the exhibit. A server with vNIC eth0 is experiencing packet drops on its Ethernet interface. The server is sending jumbo frames (MTU 9000) on VLAN 100. The QoS system class 'Class-Platinum' has an MTU of 9216 and is configured with 'Drop'. The vNIC is not assigned to any QoS policy. What is the most likely reason for the drops?

Exhibit

UCS Manager > Service Profile > vNIC List
vNIC Name: eth0
 Fabric ID: A
 Adapter Policy: Windows
 MTU: 9000
 VLAN: 100 (Native)

UCS Manager > LAN > LAN Cloud > QoS System Class
Class-FC: No Drop, MTU 9216, Weight 10
Class-Platinum: Drop, MTU 9216, Weight 30
Class-Gold: Drop, MTU 1500, Weight 20
Class-Silver: Drop, MTU 1500, Weight 10
Class-Bronze: Drop, MTU 1500, Weight 5
Question 13easymultiple choice
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A network engineer is configuring DHCP snooping on a Cisco Nexus 9000 switch to prevent rogue DHCP server attacks. The switch connects to the legitimate DHCP server on Ethernet 1/1. Clients are connected to ports Ethernet 1/2 through 1/24. The engineer enables DHCP snooping globally and on VLAN 10, but clients are unable to obtain IP addresses from the DHCP server. Other connectivity between clients and the server works (e.g., static IPs). What is the most likely cause and solution?

Question 14mediummultiple choice
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Ansible playbook that deploys VLANs on NX-OS fails on a particular switch with 'privilege escalation required'. What should be checked first?

Question 15easymultiple choice
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A data center has 100 Nexus switches in a fabric managed by Cisco Nexus Dashboard Orchestrator (NDO). The network team needs to automate the creation of a new network template that includes multiple VLANs and VRF configurations. They want to ensure that the template is applied consistently across all leaf switches without manual intervention. The engineer writes a Python script using the NDO REST API to create the template and deploy it. However, the deployment fails with an error 'Template validation failed: overlapping IP subnets'. Upon reviewing the template, the engineer notices that two VLANs have overlapping subnet definitions. Which action should the engineer take to resolve this issue efficiently?

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