- A
Spokes can dynamically establish direct tunnels with each other after learning the destination spoke's public address via NHRP.
Correct because in phase 2, NHRP allows spokes to resolve the public IP of other spokes and build direct mGRE tunnels.
- B
The hub router must be configured with a static crypto map for each spoke.
Why wrong: Incorrect because DMVPN uses dynamic crypto maps (or IPsec profiles) on the hub to accept connections from any spoke.
- C
Data traffic between spokes is forwarded through the hub by default.
Why wrong: Incorrect because in phase 2, once the direct spoke-to-spoke tunnel is established, traffic bypasses the hub.
- D
Routing protocols such as EIGRP or OSPF can be run over the DMVPN tunnel interfaces.
Correct because DMVPN supports dynamic routing protocols over the mGRE tunnel interfaces for route exchange.
- E
NHRP redirect and shortcut features are used to enable spoke-to-spoke communication.
Correct because NHRP redirect (on hub) and shortcut (on spoke) are key mechanisms in phase 2 to trigger direct tunnel setup.
Quick Answer
The answer is that DMVPN Phase 2 features NHRP redirect and shortcut mechanisms to enable direct spoke-to-spoke tunnel establishment. This is correct because in Phase 2, the hub does not forward data traffic between spokes; instead, it uses NHRP redirect messages to inform a spoke that a better path exists to a destination via another spoke, triggering an NHRP resolution request to learn the target spoke’s public address and build a dynamic mGRE tunnel. On the ENCOR 350-401 exam, this concept tests your understanding of how Phase 2 differs from Phase 1—specifically that spoke-to-spoke tunnels are created on-demand without static crypto maps, while the hub still handles routing updates. A common trap is confusing Phase 2’s hub-forwarded routing with data forwarding; remember that routing is hub-centric, but data flows directly. Memory tip: “Redirect, Resolve, Direct”—the hub redirects, the spoke resolves the peer, and traffic goes direct.
CCNP WAN Technologies Practice Question
This 350-401 practice question tests your understanding of wan technologies. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Which three statements about DMVPN phase 2 are true? (Choose three.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Spokes can dynamically establish direct tunnels with each other after learning the destination spoke's public address via NHRP.
DMVPN phase 2 allows spoke-to-spoke tunnels after initial hub registration, uses NHRP to resolve spoke addresses, and supports spoke-to-spoke direct communication without hub forwarding of data traffic. The hub still participates in routing updates. Phase 2 does not support spoke-to-spoke without NHRP resolution, and the spoke does not need a static crypto map for each peer.
Key principle: OSPF neighbour adjacency depends on matching area, hello/dead timers, network type, and authentication — IP reachability alone is not enough.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✓
Spokes can dynamically establish direct tunnels with each other after learning the destination spoke's public address via NHRP.
Why this is correct
Correct because in phase 2, NHRP allows spokes to resolve the public IP of other spokes and build direct mGRE tunnels.
Related concept
OSPF neighbours must agree on key parameters.
- ✗
The hub router must be configured with a static crypto map for each spoke.
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect because DMVPN uses dynamic crypto maps (or IPsec profiles) on the hub to accept connections from any spoke.
- ✗
Data traffic between spokes is forwarded through the hub by default.
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect because in phase 2, once the direct spoke-to-spoke tunnel is established, traffic bypasses the hub.
- ✓
Routing protocols such as EIGRP or OSPF can be run over the DMVPN tunnel interfaces.
Why this is correct
Correct because DMVPN supports dynamic routing protocols over the mGRE tunnel interfaces for route exchange.
Related concept
OSPF neighbours must agree on key parameters.
- ✓
NHRP redirect and shortcut features are used to enable spoke-to-spoke communication.
Why this is correct
Correct because NHRP redirect (on hub) and shortcut (on spoke) are key mechanisms in phase 2 to trigger direct tunnel setup.
Related concept
OSPF neighbours must agree on key parameters.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: OSPF can fail even when IP connectivity looks correct
OSPF neighbour formation depends on matching areas, timers, network type, authentication and passive-interface behaviour. Do not choose an answer only because the devices can ping.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
OSPF questions usually test the details that control adjacency and route selection. Read the neighbour state, area, router ID and interface configuration before deciding what is wrong.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- OSPF neighbours must agree on key parameters.
- Router ID selection can affect neighbour relationships and LSDB output.
- OSPF cost influences the preferred path.
- A route can appear in OSPF information but not become the installed route.
TExam Day Tips
- Check area mismatch first when OSPF adjacency fails.
- Review passive interfaces when a network is advertised but no neighbour forms.
- Use show ip ospf neighbor and show ip route clues carefully.
Key takeaway
OSPF neighbour adjacency depends on matching area, hello/dead timers, network type, and authentication — IP reachability alone is not enough.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A network engineer at a university connects two campus buildings via a fibre link. Both routers run OSPF, but no adjacency forms — even though both routers can ping each other. The engineer finds one router is in area 0 and the other in area 1. OSPF adjacency requires matching area numbers, hello/dead timers, and network type. IP reachability alone is not enough.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review OSPF neighbour requirements — matching area type, hello and dead timers, network type, stub flags, and authentication. Study show ip ospf neighbor states (INIT, 2-WAY, FULL). Then practise related 350-401 OSPF questions on adjacency and route selection.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this 350-401 question test?
WAN Technologies — This question tests WAN Technologies — OSPF neighbours must agree on key parameters..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Spokes can dynamically establish direct tunnels with each other after learning the destination spoke's public address via NHRP. — DMVPN phase 2 allows spoke-to-spoke tunnels after initial hub registration, uses NHRP to resolve spoke addresses, and supports spoke-to-spoke direct communication without hub forwarding of data traffic. The hub still participates in routing updates. Phase 2 does not support spoke-to-spoke without NHRP resolution, and the spoke does not need a static crypto map for each peer.
What should I do if I get this 350-401 question wrong?
Review OSPF neighbour requirements — matching area type, hello and dead timers, network type, stub flags, and authentication. Study show ip ospf neighbor states (INIT, 2-WAY, FULL). Then practise related 350-401 OSPF questions on adjacency and route selection.
What is the key concept behind this question?
OSPF neighbours must agree on key parameters.
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Last reviewed: Jun 18, 2026
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