Infrastructure Security

A company hosts a web application on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The security team wants to ensure that only traffic from the ALB can reach the EC2 instances. Which configuration should be applied?

A company is using AWS CloudFormation to deploy infrastructure. The security team wants to ensure that all Amazon S3 buckets created by CloudFormation are encrypted by default. Which approach should be taken?

A company has a VPC with a single public subnet and a single private subnet. The private subnet contains an RDS MySQL database that should not be accessible from the internet. The public subnet contains a bastion host that is used for SSH access to the database instance. The security team wants to ensure that the database can only be accessed from the bastion host. Which two security group rules should be configured? (Choose TWO.)

A security engineer is investigating a potential breach. The engineer notices that an EC2 instance's security group allows inbound SSH (port 22) from 0.0.0.0/0. The instance is in a public subnet and has a public IP address. However, the engineer finds that SSH access is only possible from a specific IP address. What is the most likely explanation?

A company wants to restrict access to an S3 bucket so that only traffic from a specific VPC can read objects. The VPC has a VPC endpoint for S3 configured. Which policy should be attached to the bucket?

A security engineer runs the above AWS CLI command. The engineer notices that the security group has no outbound rules. What is the implication of this configuration?

Which TWO actions can be taken to improve the security of an Amazon RDS for MySQL database instance? (Choose TWO.)

A company runs a web application on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The security team requires that all traffic between the ALB and EC2 instances be encrypted. Which configuration ensures this requirement is met?

A company has a VPC with a public subnet and a private subnet. An EC2 instance in the private subnet needs to download patches from the internet. The instance is associated with a security group that allows outbound HTTPS (port 443) to 0.0.0.0/0. The private subnet route table has a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to a NAT Gateway in the public subnet. The NAT Gateway's security group allows inbound HTTPS from the private subnet CIDR. However, the instance cannot download patches. What is the most likely cause?

A security engineer is designing a network architecture for a multi-tier application. The web servers must be accessible from the internet, while the application servers must only be accessible from the web servers. Which TWO configurations should be used? (Choose TWO.)

A company is deploying a web application on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The security team requires that all traffic between the ALB and the EC2 instances be encrypted. Which configuration should the engineer implement?

A security engineer is designing a network architecture in AWS. The engineer needs to ensure that all outbound traffic from a VPC goes through a centrally managed NAT device for logging and filtering. The VPC has multiple private subnets. Which TWO steps are required to accomplish this? (Choose TWO.)

Which TWO actions can be taken to protect an S3 bucket from accidental public access? (Choose 2.)

Refer to the exhibit. A developer receives an 'UnauthorizedOperation' error when launching an EC2 instance with the specified security group. The developer has permissions to use ec2:RunInstances. What is the most likely cause?

A Security Engineer is configuring a VPC with a public subnet for a web server and a private subnet for a database. The web server needs to download patches from the internet. Which TWO actions should the Engineer take to allow the web server internet access without exposing the database to the internet?

A security engineer is designing a VPC with public and private subnets. The private subnets will host databases that should not have direct internet access. Which three components are required to provide outbound internet access for these databases? (Choose THREE.)

A security engineer is designing a secure VPC architecture. Which THREE components should be used to implement defense in depth? (Choose three.)

A company is using AWS Direct Connect with a private virtual interface (VIF) to connect its on-premises network to a VPC. The security team wants to encrypt traffic over the Direct Connect connection. Which TWO options can be used? (Choose TWO.)

A company wants to encrypt data at rest for an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. Which THREE options can be used to achieve this? (Choose THREE.)

A security team notices that an S3 bucket containing sensitive data is publicly accessible. The bucket policy is as follows: { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Principal": "*", "Action": "s3:GetObject", "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*" } ] } Which step should be taken to secure the bucket while maintaining access for authorized users?

A company runs a critical application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The security team wants to ensure that only traffic from the ALB reaches the EC2 instances, and that instances cannot initiate outbound connections to the internet. Which combination of security group rules should be implemented? (Select TWO.)

Which THREE are benefits of using AWS Systems Manager Session Manager to connect to EC2 instances? (Choose THREE.)

A company has a VPC with multiple subnets. An EC2 instance in a private subnet needs to access an S3 bucket. Which configuration provides the most secure and efficient access?

A company wants to ensure that all data transmitted between its EC2 instances and an Application Load Balancer (ALB) is encrypted. Which configuration should be applied?

A security engineer is designing a web application that will run on EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application must be protected from common web exploits like SQL injection and cross-site scripting. Which AWS service should be used to provide this protection?

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. The private subnets need to access the internet for software updates. Which component should be added to the VPC to enable this?

A security engineer is investigating a potential data exfiltration from an Amazon S3 bucket. The bucket policy allows access to a specific IAM role, but the engineer suspects that the role has been compromised. The engineer wants to quickly block all access to the bucket without deleting the bucket or the policy. What is the BEST course of action?

A company is deploying a web application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The security engineer needs to protect the application from common web exploits such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting. Which TWO services can be used together to achieve this? (Choose TWO.)

A company wants to encrypt data at rest in an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. Which AWS service or feature should be used to achieve this?

A company configures a Route 53 alias record to point to a CloudFront distribution. The security team wants to ensure that users can only access the website via CloudFront and not directly via the S3 bucket origin. What additional configuration is needed?

A security engineer is designing a VPC with a public subnet and a private subnet. The private subnet will host a database instance that should only be accessible from the application instances in the public subnet. The application instances use an Auto Scaling group. Which configuration ensures that only the application instances can access the database?

A company wants to restrict access to an S3 bucket so that only objects with specific tags can be accessed by a certain IAM role. Which THREE steps are required to implement this?

A company wants to implement a defense-in-depth strategy for its web application running on EC2 instances. Which TWO AWS services should be used to provide both network and application-layer protection?

A company wants to restrict access to an RDS database to only EC2 instances that have a specific tag 'Environment: Production'. Which TWO steps should be taken?

A company is using AWS CloudFormation to deploy infrastructure. The security team wants to ensure that all S3 buckets created by CloudFormation are encrypted at rest. Which THREE configuration steps should be taken?

A company uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) to distribute traffic to a fleet of EC2 instances in private subnets. The security team wants to ensure that only the ALB can communicate with the EC2 instances. Which security group configuration should be applied to the EC2 instances?

A security engineer is designing a multi-tier web application on AWS. The web tier must be accessible from the internet, but the application tier should be accessible only from the web tier. The database tier should be accessible only from the application tier. Which combination of security groups provides the MOST secure configuration?

A company has a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Organizations. The security team needs to enforce that all new S3 buckets created in any account in the organization are encrypted with a specific KMS key. Which approach should be used?

A security engineer is setting up a new VPC with public and private subnets. The VPC has an Internet Gateway attached. The public subnet's route table has a default route (0.0.0.0/0) pointing to the Internet Gateway. The private subnet's route table has a default route pointing to a NAT gateway. The engineer launches an EC2 instance in the private subnet and assigns it a public IP address. However, the instance cannot access the internet. What should the engineer do to resolve this issue?

A security engineer is designing a VPC with public and private subnets. The application must be able to send outbound traffic to the internet, but inbound traffic from the internet must be blocked except for a single HTTP load balancer. The application also needs to access an S3 bucket in the same AWS region. Which combination of VPC components meets these requirements? (Choose two.)

A security engineer is designing a VPC with public and private subnets. The application servers in the private subnets need to access the internet for software updates, but must not be directly reachable from the internet. Which TWO actions satisfy these requirements?

A security engineer is investigating a potential security incident in an AWS account. The engineer needs to determine which user or role performed a specific API call that created a new security group. Which THREE AWS tools can the engineer use to find this information? (Choose THREE.)

Which THREE are AWS best practices for securing an Amazon EC2 instance? (Choose three.)

A company has a VPC with public and private subnets. An EC2 instance in a private subnet needs to access an S3 bucket to store logs. The security team wants to ensure that traffic does not traverse the internet. Which solution should be used? (Choose two.)

A security engineer is designing a multi-account strategy using AWS Organizations. The engineer needs to centrally manage network security across all accounts. Which TWO AWS services are most appropriate for this task?

A security engineer is configuring a VPC with public and private subnets. The engineer wants to ensure that the private subnet instances cannot initiate outbound connections to the internet but can receive responses from the internet if initiated from within the VPC. Which TWO configurations should be used?

A company wants to use AWS CloudTrail to log all API calls in an AWS account. The security engineer needs to ensure that the logs are encrypted at rest and are accessible only to authorized personnel. Which THREE steps should the engineer take? (Choose THREE.)

A company uses AWS Key Management Service (KMS) to encrypt data at rest. The security team needs to ensure that only specific IAM roles can use a particular KMS key to encrypt and decrypt data. What is the most secure way to achieve this?

Refer to the exhibit. A security engineer deploys this CloudFormation template. An IAM role 'DataAccessRole' in the same account needs to read objects from the bucket. After deployment, users assume the role but get AccessDenied errors when trying to read objects. What is the MOST likely cause?

Refer to the exhibit. A security engineer creates the S3 bucket policy above to allow an IAM role to upload objects only from the corporate network IP range (10.0.0.0/16). However, users report that they can still upload objects from outside the range when assuming the role. What is the most likely cause?