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CCNA Accelerate Workload Migration and Modernization Questions

75 of 349 questions · Page 1/5 · Accelerate Workload Migration and Modernization · Answers revealed

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1
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a .NET application from Windows Server to AWS. The application uses SQL Server and needs to run on Amazon EC2. The company wants to reduce licensing costs. Which Amazon EC2 instance type should the company use?

A.C5
B.T3
C.A1
D.I3
AnswerB

T3 instances are burstable and cost-effective for moderate workloads.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because T3 instances are burstable and cost-effective for workloads with moderate CPU usage. Option A is wrong because A1 instances are ARM-based and may not support .NET. Option B is wrong because C5 instances are compute-optimized and may be overkill.

Option D is wrong because I3 instances are storage-optimized and not cost-effective.

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2
MCQmedium

A company is modernizing its monolithic application by breaking it into microservices. The application uses a shared MySQL database. The team wants to implement a database per microservice pattern. Which AWS service should be used to manage multiple databases efficiently?

A.Amazon RDS for MySQL with multiple DB instances
B.Amazon ElastiCache for Redis
C.Amazon DynamoDB
D.Amazon EFS
AnswerA

RDS can manage multiple MySQL instances for each microservice.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because Amazon RDS supports multiple database instances for different microservices with managed backups and scaling. Option A is wrong because DynamoDB is NoSQL, not suitable for all microservices. Option B is wrong because EFS is file storage, not a database.

Option D is wrong because ElastiCache is a caching layer, not a primary database.

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3
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a monolithic e-commerce application to a microservices architecture on AWS. The migration must minimize downtime and allow rollback. Which migration strategy should the company use?

A.Refactor
B.Big bang migration
C.Strangler fig pattern
D.Rehost (lift and shift)
AnswerC

Gradually replaces monolith with microservices, allowing rollback.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because the strangler fig pattern allows incremental replacement of monolithic components with microservices, minimizing risk and enabling rollback. Option A (big bang) risks extended downtime. Option B (rehost) does not modernize.

Option D (refactor) is correct but not a pattern name.

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4
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a monolithic application to AWS. They want to minimize refactoring effort while gaining some benefits of the cloud. Which migration strategy is most appropriate?

A.Refactor / Re-architect
B.Repurchase
C.Rehost (lift-and-shift)
D.Replatform (lift-tinker-and-shift)
AnswerC

Minimal changes; move as-is to EC2 or VMware Cloud on AWS.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because Rehost (lift-and-shift) requires minimal changes to the application code. Option A is wrong because Refactor/Re-architect requires significant code changes. Option B is wrong because Replatform (lift-tinker-and-shift) involves some modifications.

Option C is wrong because Repurchase involves switching to a different product.

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5
MCQmedium

A company is migrating 50 TB of data from on-premises to Amazon S3 over a 100 Mbps internet connection. The migration must complete within 30 days. What should they do?

A.Use AWS Snowball Edge devices
B.Use AWS DataSync to transfer data
C.Use AWS Direct Connect to increase bandwidth
D.Use S3 Transfer Acceleration
AnswerA

Snowball Edge provides physical data transfer, overcoming bandwidth limitations.

Why this answer

At 100 Mbps, transferring 50 TB would take approximately 48 days (50 TB * 1024 GB/TB * 1024 MB/GB * 8 bits/byte / (100 Mbps) / 86400 sec/day ≈ 48 days), exceeding the 30-day window. AWS Snowball Edge can transfer data faster via physical shipment. Option A (increase bandwidth) may not be feasible.

Option C (S3 Transfer Acceleration) still uses internet. Option D (AWS DataSync) also uses network.

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6
MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy monolithic e-commerce platform to AWS. The platform consists of a Java-based web application, an Oracle database, and a file server storing product images. The company's migration requirements are: (1) minimize downtime during cutover, (2) reduce operational overhead for the database, (3) enable future migration to microservices. The current on-premises environment experiences high I/O latency for the file server. The company has already set up a VPN connection to AWS and has installed the AWS Application Discovery Service agent on all servers. During the assessment, you discover that the Oracle database is 2 TB and the file server holds 5 TB of images. The web application is tightly coupled with the database and uses stored procedures. You need to design the migration approach. Which combination of actions should be taken?

A.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer the database and files. After data is loaded, cut over DNS to AWS.
B.Use AWS DMS for continuous replication of the database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. Use AWS DataSync to copy files to Amazon EFS. Then cut over.
C.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication to Amazon RDS for Oracle. Use S3 Transfer Acceleration to upload files to Amazon S3. Then cut over.
D.Refactor the application into microservices using Amazon ECS. Use Amazon RDS for Oracle and Amazon S3 for images. Then cut over gradually.
AnswerC

Minimizes downtime, reduces operational overhead, and addresses high latency.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because using AWS DMS with ongoing replication minimizes downtime, RDS for Oracle reduces operational overhead, and S3 with Transfer Acceleration addresses high latency for file transfer. Option A is wrong because Snowball is offline and may cause longer cutover. Option B is wrong because EFS is not the best for image storage; S3 is better.

Option D is wrong because refactoring to microservices during migration increases risk and complexity.

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7
MCQmedium

A company is planning to migrate its on-premises data warehouse to AWS. The data warehouse runs on a large Oracle RAC cluster with complex stored procedures and ETL jobs. The company wants to minimize migration effort while gaining cloud benefits. Which AWS service should be used as the target?

A.Amazon DynamoDB
B.Amazon RDS for Oracle
C.Amazon Redshift
D.Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL
AnswerC

Redshift is AWS's data warehouse service, suitable for migrating from Oracle.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because Amazon Redshift is the AWS data warehouse that can migrate from Oracle with minimal changes using SCT. Option A is wrong because RDS is not a data warehouse. Option B is wrong because Aurora is a relational database, not a data warehouse.

Option D is wrong because DynamoDB is a NoSQL database.

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8
MCQhard

A company is planning to migrate a 50 TB Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The company requires minimal downtime and wants to use AWS DMS for the migration. The source database is currently running on a dedicated server with high transaction volume. The network bandwidth between on-premises and AWS is 1 Gbps. What additional step should the company take to accelerate the migration and reduce downtime?

A.Use AWS Snowball to transfer an initial full load of the database to Amazon S3, then use AWS DMS for ongoing replication
B.Migrate the database in smaller batches by moving individual schemas sequentially
C.Use AWS DMS with a single task and disable validation to speed up the process
D.Increase the network bandwidth to 10 Gbps for the duration of the migration
AnswerA

Correct. Snowball handles large data transfer without network constraints, reducing time for the initial load.

Why this answer

Using AWS DMS with multiple parallel tasks and CDC can accelerate the migration. Reducing the data size by archiving old data before migration reduces the initial load. Increasing bandwidth may help but is not always feasible.

Using Snowball for initial load bypasses network limitations for large datasets.

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9
MCQmedium

A company is migrating its on-premises NoSQL database (MongoDB) to Amazon DocumentDB. The migration must have minimal downtime. The company uses AWS DMS with ongoing replication. After starting the replication, the target DocumentDB cluster shows a lag of several minutes. The source MongoDB has high write throughput. What should the company do to reduce replication lag?

A.Increase the DMS replication instance size.
B.Increase the DocumentDB cluster instance size.
C.Disable CDC and perform a full load only.
D.Enable Parallel Apply in DMS task settings.
AnswerA

More resources improve replication speed.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because larger DMS instances handle higher throughput. Option B is wrong because increasing DocumentDB size doesn't help DMS. Option C is wrong because CDC captures changes.

Option D is wrong because Parallel Apply is not a DMS setting.

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10
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a stateful application to AWS. The application maintains session state in memory on the application server. Which AWS service should be used to store session state for high availability?

A.Amazon RDS
B.Amazon S3
C.Amazon ElastiCache
D.Amazon EBS
AnswerC

ElastiCache (Memcached or Redis) is purpose-built for session state.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because ElastiCache is an in-memory data store ideal for session state. Option A is wrong because RDS is relational database, slower for session state. Option C is wrong because S3 is object storage, not suitable for low-latency session state.

Option D is wrong because EBS is block storage attached to a single instance.

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11
MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy application that uses TCP on port 8080 to AWS. The application must be accessible from the internet. The company wants to use an Application Load Balancer. What must the company do to ensure the load balancer can accept traffic on port 8080?

A.Configure the security group to allow inbound traffic on port 80 and 443 only.
B.Change the ALB's default port to 8080.
C.Assign an Elastic IP address to the ALB.
D.Create a listener for port 8080 on the ALB.
AnswerD

You can create a listener for any port.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because ALB supports custom ports; you create a listener for port 8080. Option A is wrong because ALB does not require a specific security group port; you can configure any port. Option B is wrong because you cannot change the ALB's default ports; you add a listener.

Option C is wrong because ALB itself does not need a public IP; it uses a DNS name.

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12
MCQhard

A company is migrating an on-premises .NET application to AWS. The application uses a SQL Server database with a large number of stored procedures and triggers. The company wants to reduce licensing costs by moving to an open-source database. Which AWS service should the solutions architect use to automate the database conversion?

A.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)
B.AWS App2Container
C.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT)
D.AWS Application Migration Service (CloudEndure)
AnswerC

Correct: SCT automates schema and code conversion to target databases.

Why this answer

AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) automates the conversion of database schema and code to a target database like PostgreSQL or MySQL. DMS handles data migration, not schema conversion. App2Container is for containerizing applications.

CloudEndure is for server migration.

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13
Multi-Selecteasy

A company is migrating a batch processing workload to AWS. The workload runs daily and processes large files. Which TWO AWS services are most suitable for this workload? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers
A.AWS Step Functions
B.Amazon ECS
C.Amazon SQS
D.AWS Batch
E.AWS Lambda
AnswersA, D

Step Functions can orchestrate batch workflows.

Why this answer

AWS Batch manages batch computing jobs. AWS Step Functions orchestrates workflows. Option A is wrong because Lambda has time limits.

Option C is wrong because ECS is for containers, not specifically batch. Option D is wrong because SQS is for message queuing.

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14
Matchingmedium

Match each AWS networking concept to its definition.

Drag a concept onto its matching description — or click a concept then click the description.

Concepts
Matches

Connect two VPCs using private IP addresses

Allow private instances to access the internet

Enable communication between VPC and the internet

Stateless firewall for controlling traffic at subnet level

Stateful firewall for controlling traffic at instance level

Why these pairings

Understanding these networking components is crucial for architecting on AWS.

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15
MCQeasy

A retail company is migrating its e-commerce platform from a monolith running on a single on-premises server to AWS. The current application consists of a Java-based web server, a MySQL database, and a caching layer using Redis. The company wants to modernize the architecture by adopting microservices, using serverless where possible, and minimizing operational overhead. The migration must be completed within six months with minimal disruption to ongoing operations. The solutions architect proposes the following initial steps: containerize the Java application and run it on Amazon ECS with Fargate, migrate the MySQL database to Amazon Aurora Serverless v2, and replace Redis with Amazon ElastiCache for Redis Serverless. However, the team is concerned about the complexity of the migration and the potential for downtime. Which recommendation should the solutions architect make to address these concerns?

A.Rewrite the entire application as microservices from scratch and deploy them in a new AWS environment. Cut over all traffic at once after testing.
B.Use AWS Blue/Green deployment for the monolith to reduce downtime, then migrate to microservices after the deployment is stable.
C.Use the Strangler Fig pattern to incrementally replace monolith functionality with microservices, routing traffic to new services as they are built.
D.Perform a lift-and-shift migration of the monolith to EC2 instances, then gradually refactor into microservices over the next year.
AnswerC

This pattern allows gradual migration with minimal disruption, aligns with the timeline, and enables modernization in steps.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because the Strangler Fig pattern allows the team to incrementally replace specific functionalities of the monolithic e-commerce platform with microservices, routing traffic to the new services as they are built. This minimizes disruption and downtime by avoiding a big-bang cutover, and it aligns with the goal of modernizing to microservices and serverless within the six-month timeline. The pattern leverages an existing ingress controller (e.g., an Application Load Balancer with path-based routing) to gradually shift requests from the monolith to new services running on Amazon ECS with Fargate, while the database and caching layers are migrated separately with minimal impact.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates often confuse Blue/Green deployments (which reduce downtime for a single application version) with the Strangler Fig pattern (which is specifically designed for incremental migration from a monolith to microservices), leading them to choose Option B as a safe but incomplete solution.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because rewriting the entire application from scratch as microservices and performing a single cutover introduces high complexity, significant risk of downtime, and likely exceeds the six-month timeline, contradicting the requirement for minimal disruption. Option B is wrong because Blue/Green deployment for the monolith reduces downtime during deployment but does not address the migration to microservices; it keeps the monolith intact and defers the modernization, failing to meet the goal of adopting microservices and serverless. Option D is wrong because a lift-and-shift to EC2 instances postpones refactoring for over a year, which violates the six-month migration deadline and does not minimize operational overhead, as it retains the monolithic architecture and requires managing EC2 instances.

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16
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a legacy application that uses a proprietary binary protocol over TCP. The application must be migrated with minimal changes and requires high throughput. Which AWS service should the architect recommend for load balancing?

A.Network Load Balancer (NLB)
B.AWS Global Accelerator
C.Application Load Balancer (ALB)
D.Classic Load Balancer (CLB)
AnswerA

NLB operates at Layer 4 and handles TCP traffic with high throughput.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because NLB handles TCP traffic at high throughput with minimal latency. Option A is wrong because ALB is for HTTP/HTTPS. Option B is wrong because CLB is legacy.

Option D is wrong because Global Accelerator is not a load balancer.

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17
MCQhard

A CloudFormation stack creation command is run with a parameter. The template.yaml includes a parameter declared as follows: Parameters: InstanceTypeParameter: Type: String Default: t2.micro AllowedValues: - t2.micro - t2.small - t2.medium The stack creation fails with the error: "Value (t2.nano) for parameter InstanceTypeParameter is invalid. Must be one of: t2.micro, t2.small, t2.medium". What is the most likely cause?

A.The AWS CLI is using a deprecated version
B.The template.yaml file was modified after the command was run
C.The parameter was overridden by a previous stack operation or a different parameter file
D.The CLI command had a typo in the parameter value
AnswerC

The error shows 't2.nano', which must have come from an override.

Why this answer

The error indicates that the value passed is 't2.nano', but the command shows 't2.micro'. This suggests that the parameter value was overridden elsewhere, perhaps in a different command or a previous stack operation. The command itself is correct.

The template defines allowed values. The issue is not a typo in the command, but an override. The most likely cause is that the parameter was passed incorrectly in a prior run or the CLI used a different value.

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18
MCQeasy

Refer to the exhibit. A company is using an S3 bucket to store migration logs. The company has set a lifecycle policy to transition objects to Glacier after 30 days and expire them after 365 days. After 45 days, the company notices that the objects are still in S3 Standard. What is the most likely reason?

A.The lifecycle policy has a filter that excludes these objects.
B.The objects were created after the lifecycle policy was applied, so they have not reached 30 days of age yet.
C.The lifecycle policy is not enabled for the bucket.
D.The S3 bucket versioning is disabled, so lifecycle rules do not apply.
AnswerB

Lifecycle rules are based on object age.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because lifecycle policies transition objects based on the object's age, not the creation date of the policy. The objects are less than 30 days old if they were created after the policy was applied. Option B is wrong because the policy is enabled.

Option C is wrong because the filter is empty (applies to all). Option D is wrong because the policy defines a transition.

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19
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a multi-tier web application to AWS. The application consists of a stateless web tier and a stateful application tier that uses sticky sessions. The company wants to reduce operational overhead and improve elasticity. Which architecture should the solutions architect recommend?

A.Use an Application Load Balancer with sticky sessions for the web tier. Store session data in Amazon ElastiCache.
B.Use Amazon CloudFront with an origin load balancer and store session data in the web tier's local storage.
C.Use an Application Load Balancer with cross-zone load balancing and store session data in Amazon DynamoDB.
D.Use a Network Load Balancer with instance targets and Amazon EFS to share session data.
AnswerA

ALB sticky sessions route requests to the same instance, but session data is stored externally in ElastiCache, allowing any instance to serve requests.

Why this answer

Using an Application Load Balancer (ALB) with sticky sessions (session affinity) enables the web tier to be stateless and scale horizontally. The application tier can use ElastiCache for session state storage, making it stateless as well. This reduces overhead and improves elasticity.

NLB with EFS is not suitable for session state; ALB with DynamoDB is overkill; CloudFront does not support sticky sessions.

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20
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a legacy application from an on-premises data center to AWS. The application uses a proprietary network protocol that is not supported by AWS Application Migration Service. What should the company do to migrate this application?

A.Refactor the application to use standard protocols before migration.
B.Use the 7 Rs migration strategy to evaluate other options.
C.Use AWS Application Migration Service with a network bridge appliance.
D.Perform a manual rehost migration using Amazon EC2 and custom AMIs.
AnswerD

Manual rehost bypasses MGN's limitations.

Why this answer

A is correct because rehosting manually allows the company to replicate the environment without depending on MGN. B is wrong because it requires the protocol. C is wrong because it does not address the protocol issue.

D is wrong because it is a migration strategy, not a tool.

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21
MCQmedium

A company is deploying a web application using the above CloudFormation template. The template fails to create the Auto Scaling group. What is the most likely cause?

A.The instance type t2.micro is not supported in us-east-1.
B.The MinSize value must be less than the DesiredCapacity.
C.The LaunchConfiguration resource type is incorrect.
D.The AvailabilityZones list is invalid because it uses names instead of zone IDs.
AnswerC

MyLaunchConfig is defined as AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup instead of AWS::AutoScaling::LaunchConfiguration.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because the launch configuration uses the wrong resource type (AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup) instead of AWS::AutoScaling::LaunchConfiguration. Option A is wrong because t2.micro is a valid instance type. Option B is wrong because the AvailabilityZones are valid.

Option D is wrong because MinSize=2 is valid.

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22
Multi-Selecthard

A company is modernizing its monolithic Java application to a microservices architecture on AWS. The application uses a shared Oracle database. The team wants to implement an event-driven architecture. Which TWO AWS services should be used to decouple microservices and handle asynchronous communication?

Select 2 answers
A.AWS AppSync
B.Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS)
C.Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
D.Amazon EventBridge
E.Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)
AnswersD, E

Event bus for event-driven architecture.

Why this answer

Option C (SQS) and Option D (EventBridge) are correct. SQS provides message queuing for decoupling. EventBridge enables event-driven communication.

Option A (SNS) is pub/sub but not for decoupling queues. Option B (Kinesis) is for streaming, not typical decoupling. Option E (AppSync) is for GraphQL APIs.

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23
Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a large number of on-premises VMs to AWS. They need to assess the current environment and track migration progress. Which THREE AWS services should be used together?

Select 3 answers
A.AWS Server Migration Service (SMS)
B.AWS Application Migration Service (MGN)
C.AWS Migration Hub
D.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)
E.AWS Application Discovery Service
AnswersB, C, E

Automates lift-and-shift migration of VMs.

Why this answer

Options A, C, and D are correct. AWS Application Discovery Service discovers on-premises servers. AWS Migration Hub tracks migration progress across multiple tools.

AWS Application Migration Service (MGN) automates the migration of VMs. Option B is wrong because Server Migration Service (SMS) is deprecated. Option E is wrong because DMS is for database migration, not VMs.

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24
MCQhard

During an on-premises to AWS migration using AWS MGN (Application Migration Service), the replication is stuck at 99% for the last few GB. The source server is a Linux database server with a large InnoDB redo log. What is the most likely cause?

A.High disk I/O on the source server
B.The source server needs reboot after MGN agent installation
C.Insufficient network bandwidth between source and AWS
D.Continuous writes to the database redo logs preventing final sync
AnswerD

MGN cannot finalize because the changed block tracking detects ongoing changes.

Why this answer

AWS MGN uses changed block tracking (CBT) to replicate changed blocks. Large InnoDB redo logs are continuously written, causing constant changes and preventing final sync. Option A (network bandwidth) would affect all stages.

Option B (disk I/O) might slow down but not stall. Option D (source server reboot) might reset replication but not cause a stall at 99%.

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25
MCQmedium

A company is moving a legacy application that uses a shared file system to AWS. The application requires POSIX-compliant file storage that can be accessed by multiple EC2 instances simultaneously. Which AWS storage service should they use?

A.Amazon FSx for Windows File Server
B.Amazon EFS
C.Amazon EBS with Multi-Attach
D.Amazon S3
AnswerB

Provides a scalable, POSIX-compliant NFS file system.

Why this answer

Option C (Amazon EFS) is correct because it provides a scalable, POSIX-compliant NFS file system for EC2. Option A (S3) is object storage, not POSIX. Option B (EBS) can only be attached to one instance at a time.

Option D (FSx for Windows) is for SMB, not POSIX.

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26
Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a large-scale e-commerce platform to AWS. The platform uses a MySQL database with a 2 TB dataset. They want to modernize to Amazon Aurora MySQL with minimal downtime. Which THREE steps should they take? (Select THREE.)

Select 3 answers
A.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) to convert the existing schema to Aurora MySQL
B.Set up an Aurora Replica from the source MySQL instance
C.Use Amazon RDS for MySQL instead of Aurora
D.Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB
E.Use AWS DMS with ongoing replication using Change Data Capture (CDC)
AnswersA, B, E

SCT helps convert schema for Aurora compatibility.

Why this answer

The migration to Aurora MySQL with minimal downtime involves: using AWS SCT to convert the schema (A), using AWS DMS for ongoing replication with CDC (B), and setting up a read replica from the source to reduce load (C). Option D (DynamoDB) is a different database. Option E (RDS for MySQL) does not modernize to Aurora.

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27
MCQeasy

A company is planning to migrate its on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The database is 2 TB in size and the company has a high-speed network connection to AWS. Which AWS service should the company use to migrate the database with minimal downtime?

A.Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration
B.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)
C.AWS Snowball Edge
D.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT)
AnswerB

DMS can migrate Oracle to RDS for Oracle with minimal downtime using CDC.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because AWS DMS supports Oracle to RDS for Oracle migration with ongoing replication for minimal downtime. Option A is incorrect because SCT is used for schema conversion, not data migration. Option C is incorrect because Snowball Edge is for offline data transfer and not suitable for databases with minimal downtime.

Option D is incorrect because S3 Transfer Acceleration is for uploading to S3, not for database migration.

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28
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a legacy Citrix XenApp environment to AWS. The application requires Windows-based virtual desktops for 200 users. Users need to access the desktops from various devices, including thin clients and mobile devices. Which solution is most cost-effective and scalable?

A.Use Amazon AppStream 2.0 to stream the application to users.
B.Launch Amazon EC2 Windows instances and enable Remote Desktop Services (RDS).
C.Deploy Amazon WorkSpaces with Windows-based bundles.
D.Use Amazon WorkDocs for document access and collaboration.
AnswerC

WorkSpaces provides managed virtual desktops accessible from any device.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because Amazon WorkSpaces provides managed Windows desktops accessible from various devices. Option A is wrong because EC2 with RDS is not a managed desktop solution. Option B is wrong because AppStream 2.0 is for streaming individual applications.

Option D is wrong because WorkDocs is a document service.

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29
MCQeasy

A company is modernizing a monolithic application into microservices on Amazon ECS. They want to decouple services and improve resilience. Which AWS service should they use for asynchronous communication between microservices?

A.Amazon SQS
B.Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
C.Amazon API Gateway
D.Amazon SNS
AnswerA

SQS provides a queue for asynchronous decoupled messaging.

Why this answer

Amazon SQS provides a fully managed message queue for asynchronous communication, decoupling services. Option A (Amazon SNS) is pub/sub, not point-to-point queue. Option C (Amazon Kinesis) is for streaming data.

Option D (Amazon API Gateway) is for synchronous REST APIs.

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30
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a batch processing workload to AWS. The workload runs on a schedule and processes large files stored on a network file system. The company wants to use a serverless architecture to reduce costs. Which combination of AWS services should the company use?

A.AWS Step Functions, Amazon EMR, and Amazon EFS.
B.Amazon CloudWatch Events, AWS Lambda, and Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose.
C.AWS Step Functions, AWS Lambda, and Amazon S3.
D.Amazon CloudWatch Events, Amazon EC2, and Amazon EBS.
AnswerC

Step Functions orchestrates Lambda functions, and S3 stores files.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS Step Functions can orchestrate the workflow, Lambda can process files, and S3 can store the files. Option B is wrong because EMR is not serverless. Option C is wrong because EC2 is not serverless.

Option D is wrong because Kinesis is for streaming.

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31
MCQmedium

A company wants to migrate its on-premises Active Directory to AWS Managed Microsoft AD to support Windows-based workloads on AWS. The company has a complex Active Directory structure with multiple domains, group policies, and trusts with external directories. Which migration approach should the company use?

A.Replace Active Directory with AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) for all authentication
B.Establish a forest trust between the on-premises AD and AWS Managed Microsoft AD, then gradually move resources to AWS
C.Rebuild the entire Active Directory structure from scratch in AWS Managed Microsoft AD
D.Use AD Connector to proxy authentication requests from AWS to the on-premises AD
AnswerB

Correct. A trust allows seamless coexistence and incremental migration.

Why this answer

Setting up a trust between the on-premises AD and AWS Managed Microsoft AD allows gradual migration of resources. This maintains existing authentication and group policies during the transition. Replacing AD with IAM is not suitable for Windows workloads.

Replicating the entire AD structure via AD Connector is not possible. A full rebuild is complex and risky.

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32
MCQeasy

A company is planning to migrate 50 TB of data from on-premises to Amazon S3 over a 100 Mbps internet connection. The data is not time-sensitive and can tolerate some latency. Which migration method is MOST cost-effective and suitable?

A.Use AWS DataSync over the existing internet connection.
B.Enable S3 Transfer Acceleration on the destination bucket.
C.Use AWS Snowball Edge devices to transfer the data.
D.Provision a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection.
AnswerC

Cost-effective for large data volumes over slow network.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because AWS Snowball Edge is cost-effective for large data volumes over slow connections. Option A is wrong because AWS Direct Connect is expensive and not justified. Option B is wrong because AWS DataSync over the internet would be slow.

Option D is wrong because S3 Transfer Acceleration is for accelerating transfers, but the slow link still limits speed.

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33
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a batch processing workload to AWS. The workload runs daily on a single on-premises server and takes 6 hours to complete. The company wants to reduce processing time and cost. Which approach should the solutions architect recommend?

A.Use AWS Batch to run the workload in parallel on multiple compute resources
B.Use AWS Lambda with a 6-hour timeout
C.Use AWS Step Functions to orchestrate the workload sequentially
D.Use a single larger EC2 instance with more vCPUs
AnswerA

Correct: AWS Batch can parallelize the workload to reduce processing time.

Why this answer

AWS Batch can orchestrate parallel processing across multiple EC2 or Fargate resources, reducing time. A single larger instance may not reduce time as much as parallel processing. Lambda has a 15-minute execution limit.

Step Functions alone does not provide compute.

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34
MCQhard

A company is migrating a data warehouse from on-premises to Amazon Redshift. The current workload runs complex queries that join large tables. The company wants to optimize query performance after migration. Which design should the company implement?

A.Use distribution style AUTO and let Redshift decide
B.Use distribution style EVEN on all tables
C.Use distribution style ALL on all large tables
D.Use distribution style KEY on the join columns of large tables
AnswerD

Co-locates rows from different tables on the same node, avoiding data movement.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because distribution style KEY on join columns ensures data is co-located, minimizing data movement. Option A (ALL) is not suitable for large tables. Option B (EVEN) distributes randomly.

Option C (AUTO) may not use optimal distribution.

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35
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a monolithic application to AWS. They want to minimize changes to the application code while taking advantage of AWS managed services. Which migration strategy should they use?

A.Rehost / Lift-and-Shift
B.Repurchase / Drop and Shop
C.Replatform / Lift, Tinker, and Shift
D.Refactor / Re-architect
AnswerA

Moves the application as-is, minimizing code changes.

Why this answer

Option B (Rehost) is correct because it involves moving the application as-is to AWS, often using services like EC2, without code changes. Option A (Refactor) requires code changes. Option C (Replatform) involves some optimizations but still requires changes.

Option D (Repurchase) replaces the application with a SaaS solution.

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36
MCQmedium

Refer to the exhibit. A company is migrating an application to AWS and has attached the IAM policy shown to an IAM role. The application runs on an EC2 instance and needs to upload files to an S3 bucket. However, the uploads are failing with an access denied error. What is the most likely cause?

A.The IAM policy does not allow the s3:PutObject action
B.The IAM policy uses an incorrect resource ARN
C.The IAM policy restricts access based on source IP, but the EC2 instance's public IP is not in the allowed range
D.The S3 bucket policy denies access from the instance
AnswerC

Correct: The IP condition is likely blocking the instance.

Why this answer

The policy restricts the source IP to 203.0.113.0/24, but EC2 instances have dynamic private IPs (unless using Elastic IP). The condition aws:SourceIp checks the public IP, which for an EC2 instance is the public IP of the instance or NAT gateway. The instance's private IP is not the source IP.

The condition is too restrictive. Option A is incorrect because the bucket policy is not shown. Option B is incorrect because the action is allowed.

Option D is incorrect because the resource ARN is correct.

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37
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a legacy application to AWS. The application runs on a single Windows Server instance and uses a local MySQL database. The company wants to minimize changes to the application code. Which migration strategy should the company use?

A.Rehost the application on Amazon EC2 with MySQL installed on the same instance
B.Retire the application and replace it with a SaaS alternative
C.Refactor the application to use a serverless architecture with AWS Lambda and Amazon DynamoDB
D.Replatform the application by moving the database to Amazon RDS for MySQL
AnswerA

Rehosting moves the application without changes, minimizing risk.

Why this answer

Option B is correct: Rehost (lift-and-shift) moves the application as-is to EC2 with MySQL. Option A (Refactor) requires code changes. Option C (Replatform) changes the database to RDS, which may require code changes.

Option D (Retire) is not appropriate.

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38
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a multi-tier web application to AWS. The application consists of a web tier, an application tier, and a database tier. The company wants to use AWS services to improve scalability and reduce management overhead. The web and application tiers run on Linux. The database is Oracle running on Linux. Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

A.Deploy web and application tiers on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS for Oracle DB instance.
B.Containerize the web and application tiers and deploy them on Amazon ECS with AWS Fargate. Migrate the database to Amazon RDS for Oracle.
C.Deploy the web and application tiers using AWS Elastic Beanstalk with an Auto Scaling group. Migrate the database to Amazon RDS for Oracle.
D.Deploy web and application tiers on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Migrate the database to Oracle on Amazon RDS Custom.
AnswerC

Elastic Beanstalk automates capacity provisioning, load balancing, and scaling, reducing operational overhead.

Why this answer

Option D is correct: Elastic Beanstalk manages web and app tiers automatically, and RDS for Oracle manages the database. Option A (EC2 + Auto Scaling) requires more manual management. Option B (ECS + Fargate) is more complex for a simple migration.

Option C (ECS + EC2) requires managing EC2 instances.

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39
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a web application to AWS. They want to use the same domain name for both the development and production environments, but route traffic based on the source IP address. Which AWS service can accomplish this?

A.Amazon Route 53 with geolocation routing policy
B.Elastic Load Balancer (ELB)
C.AWS Global Accelerator
D.Amazon CloudFront
AnswerA

Route 53 can route based on the geographic location of the client's IP.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because AWS Route 53 can route traffic based on source IP using geolocation or latency routing, but more specifically, using a routing policy that considers the client's IP. Option A is wrong because ELB distributes traffic within a region, not based on client IP globally. Option B is wrong because CloudFront is a CDN, not a DNS-based routing service.

Option D is wrong because Global Accelerator uses anycast IPs, not DNS.

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40
MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy Windows-based .NET application to AWS. The application uses a SQL Server database and a proprietary authentication mechanism that relies on Active Directory. The company wants to reduce operational overhead and licensing costs. Which combination of AWS services should the architect recommend for the migration?

A.Migrate the application to Amazon EC2 Linux instances and use Amazon Aurora with PostgreSQL compatibility
B.Migrate the application to Amazon EC2 Windows instances and the database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server
C.Containerize the application on Amazon ECS with Windows containers and use Amazon RDS for SQL Server
D.Migrate the application to AWS Elastic Beanstalk for Windows and the database to Amazon RDS for MySQL
AnswerB

This minimizes changes and reduces database overhead and licensing costs through RDS.

Why this answer

Using EC2 for the application (lift-and-shift) and RDS for SQL Server reduces overhead from database management and licensing. Moving to RDS for MySQL would require code changes for compatibility. Moving to Windows containers would require containerization effort.

Moving to Aurora would not support SQL Server.

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41
MCQhard

A company is modernizing its application by migrating from a monolithic architecture to microservices on Amazon ECS Fargate. The application uses an on-premises Oracle database, which is being migrated to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL as part of the modernization. The team has refactored the application into several microservices, each with its own database schema in the same Aurora cluster. During load testing, the team notices that one microservice's heavy write operations cause increased latency for other microservices' read queries. The Aurora cluster uses a single writer and multiple readers. The team needs to isolate the write-heavy microservice without changing the application code. What should the solutions architect do?

A.Use Amazon RDS Proxy to manage database connections.
B.Create a separate Aurora cluster for the write-heavy microservice and point the microservice to that cluster.
C.Configure Aurora read replicas to offload read queries from the writer.
D.Increase the instance size of the Aurora writer to handle the write load.
AnswerB

A separate cluster provides complete isolation of write operations.

Why this answer

Using a separate Aurora cluster for the write-heavy microservice physically isolates the workload, preventing impact on other microservices. The application code points to different cluster endpoints. Using a larger instance might help but does not isolate; read replicas do not help with write contention; RDS Proxy is for connection pooling, not isolation.

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42
MCQeasy

An organization is modernizing a legacy application by breaking it into microservices on AWS. The application processes customer orders and sends notifications. The team wants to decouple the order processing from the notification service to improve scalability. Which AWS service should they use to asynchronously pass messages between the services?

A.Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
B.Amazon EventBridge
C.Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS)
D.Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS)
AnswerD

SQS provides a durable message queue that decouples the order processing service from the notification service, allowing asynchronous processing.

Why this answer

Amazon SQS is a fully managed message queue service that enables decoupling of application components. SNS is pub/sub; EventBridge is event bus; Kinesis is for real-time streaming. For simple point-to-point async messaging, SQS is the best fit.

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43
MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy application that uses a proprietary binary protocol over TCP. They want to modernize to a containerized microservices architecture on Amazon EKS. The protocol must be preserved for backward compatibility. Which approach should they take?

A.Use Amazon API Gateway to expose the legacy service as a REST API
B.Deploy a sidecar proxy container in the same pod to translate the protocol
C.Refactor the legacy application to use HTTP
D.Use a Network Load Balancer to route TCP traffic to the legacy container
AnswerB

The sidecar can translate the proprietary protocol to HTTP for internal communication.

Why this answer

A sidecar proxy running on the same pod as the legacy container can handle the proprietary protocol and translate it to HTTP for other microservices. Option A (Network Load Balancer) cannot translate protocols. Option B (API Gateway) requires HTTP.

Option D (Refactor the protocol) is too risky and time-consuming.

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44
Multi-Selecteasy

A company is migrating a large number of on-premises virtual machines to AWS. The company wants to automate the migration process and reduce manual effort. Which TWO AWS services can be used together to achieve this goal? (Choose TWO.)

Select 2 answers
A.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)
B.AWS CloudFormation
C.AWS Application Migration Service (MGN)
D.AWS DataSync
E.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT)
AnswersB, C

CloudFormation automates infrastructure deployment.

Why this answer

A and B are correct because AWS MGN automates server migration, and AWS CloudFormation automates infrastructure provisioning. C is wrong because DMS is for databases. D is wrong because SCT is for schema conversion.

E is wrong because DataSync is for file transfers.

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45
MCQmedium

A company is modernizing its infrastructure by moving from EC2 instances to a serverless architecture using AWS Lambda. The application processes images uploaded to Amazon S3. The current EC2-based solution uses a third-party image processing library that is not supported in Lambda's runtime environment. What is the best approach to migrate to serverless while using the same library?

A.Package the library as a Lambda layer and reference it in the function.
B.Use AWS Fargate to run the image processing library in a container.
C.Rewrite the image processing code to use AWS Rekognition.
D.Use AWS App Runner to deploy the existing application as-is.
AnswerA

Lambda layers allow inclusion of custom libraries, enabling use of the third-party library without code changes.

Why this answer

AWS Lambda supports custom runtime environments by bundling the library with the deployment package or using Lambda layers. The library can be included as a layer, allowing the Lambda function to use it. AWS Fargate runs containers but is not serverless in the same sense; it adds overhead.

Using a different library would require code changes. App Runner is for containerized applications.

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46
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a monolithic application to AWS and wants to adopt a microservices architecture. The application currently runs on a single server and uses a shared MySQL database. Which AWS service can help the company decouple the microservices and enable asynchronous communication?

A.Amazon API Gateway
B.AWS Step Functions
C.Elastic Load Balancing
D.Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)
AnswerD

SQS provides a fully managed message queue for decoupling microservices.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because Amazon SQS is a message queue service that enables asynchronous communication between microservices. Option B is incorrect because API Gateway is for synchronous RESTful APIs. Option C is incorrect because ELB distributes traffic, not for messaging.

Option D is incorrect because AWS Step Functions is for orchestrating workflows, not for queuing messages.

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47
MCQhard

Refer to the exhibit. A solutions architect runs the AWS CLI command and receives the output shown. The instance was stopped 2 hours ago. The company wants to minimize costs. What should the architect do next?

A.Keep the instance stopped; only storage costs apply.
B.Terminate the instance to avoid any further charges.
C.Start the instance to verify it works.
D.Hibernate the instance to save memory state.
AnswerA

Stopped instances incur only EBS storage costs.

Why this answer

A stopped instance incurs charges for attached EBS volumes, but not for the instance itself. Option A is wrong because termination would delete the instance. Option B is wrong because hibernation is not possible from stopped state.

Option D is wrong because starting the instance incurs costs.

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48
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a legacy monolithic application to AWS. The application currently runs on a single Windows Server with IIS and SQL Server. The company wants to adopt a microservices architecture on AWS using containers. The development team has containerized the application into several Docker containers. The company needs a solution that minimizes operational overhead for managing the container orchestration and scaling, and also integrates with AWS services like IAM, CloudWatch, and VPC. Which AWS service should the company use to run the containers?

A.Amazon ECS with the Fargate launch type.
B.Amazon EKS with managed node groups.
C.AWS Elastic Beanstalk with a Docker platform.
D.Amazon EC2 instances with Docker installed, managed by an Auto Scaling group.
AnswerA

Fargate is serverless, reducing operational overhead, and integrates well with AWS services.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because Amazon ECS with Fargate launch type provides serverless container orchestration, integrates with AWS services, and minimizes operational overhead. Option A is wrong because running containers on EC2 requires managing the underlying instances. Option B is wrong because AWS Elastic Beanstalk supports Docker but is more suited for single-container deployments and provides less control for microservices.

Option D is wrong because Amazon EKS requires managing the Kubernetes control plane, which has operational overhead.

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49
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a critical application to AWS and needs to ensure that the migration has minimal downtime. The application uses a SQL Server database. The company wants to use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) for the migration. What should the company do to minimize downtime during the database migration?

A.Use DMS with validation enabled and then truncate the target before cutover.
B.Use DMS with ongoing replication (change data capture) to keep the target database synchronized, then perform a brief cutover.
C.Use DMS with full load only and schedule the migration during a maintenance window.
D.Perform a full load migration using DMS and then manually copy any remaining data.
AnswerB

Ongoing replication minimizes downtime by continuously syncing changes.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because using change data capture (CDC) with DMS allows ongoing replication from the source to the target, so when you cut over, only a brief pause is needed. Option A is incorrect because full load only captures a snapshot, requiring downtime for the final sync. Option C is incorrect as it describes a full load.

Option D is incorrect because validation does not help minimize downtime.

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50
MCQhard

A company is migrating a large-scale .NET application to AWS. The application uses Windows authentication and requires Active Directory integration. The company wants to reduce operational overhead. Which migration approach should they use?

A.Rehost on EC2 with on-premises AD via VPN
B.Rehost on EC2 with AWS Managed Microsoft AD
C.Replatform to use Amazon Cognito for authentication
D.Replatform to AWS Elastic Beanstalk with Amazon Lightsail
AnswerB

Reduces overhead by outsourcing AD management to AWS.

Why this answer

Option C (Deploy on EC2 with Managed Microsoft AD) is correct because it provides Active Directory without managing domain controllers. Option A (Lift-and-shift to on-premises AD) doesn't reduce overhead. Option B (Use Cognito) is for web identity, not AD.

Option D (Deploy on Lightsail) has limited AD support.

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51
MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy .NET application to AWS. The application uses Windows authentication and connects to an on-premises SQL Server database. The company wants to minimize code changes. Which migration strategy is most appropriate?

A.Replatform the application to use Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL with AWS DMS.
B.Refactor the application into microservices using AWS Lambda and Amazon DynamoDB.
C.Rehost the application on EC2 Windows instances and use Amazon RDS for SQL Server.
D.Re-platform the application to run on Amazon Linux and use Amazon RDS for MySQL.
AnswerC

Rehosting minimizes code changes and supports Windows authentication.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because rehosting on EC2 Windows with RDS SQL Server minimizes changes and supports Windows authentication. Option A is wrong because re-platforming to Linux may break .NET dependencies. Option B is wrong because refactoring to serverless requires significant code changes.

Option D is wrong because moving to Aurora PostgreSQL requires code changes.

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52
Multi-Selectmedium

A company is migrating a legacy application to Amazon ECS. The application has a stateful component that stores data on the local filesystem. Which TWO storage options can be used to persist data beyond the lifecycle of the container?

Select 2 answers
A.Amazon EBS
B.Amazon ECS Fargate ephemeral storage
C.Amazon ECR
D.Amazon S3
E.Amazon EFS
AnswersA, E

EBS volumes can be attached to EC2 instances for persistent block storage.

Why this answer

Options B and D are correct. EFS provides persistent shared file storage, and EBS volumes can be attached to EC2 instances running ECS tasks. Option A is wrong because Fargate ephemeral storage is not persistent.

Option C is wrong because S3 is object storage, not a file system. Option E is wrong because ECR is a container registry.

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53
MCQeasy

A company is migrating a legacy on-premises application to AWS. The application currently runs on a Windows Server with a SQL Server database. The company wants to minimize changes to the application code. Which migration strategy should the company use?

A.Rehost (lift-and-shift)
B.Refactor / re-architect
C.Replatform (lift-and-resize)
D.Rebuild
AnswerA

Correct. Rehosting moves the application to AWS with minimal changes.

Why this answer

Rehosting (lift-and-shift) involves moving the application as-is to AWS, minimizing code changes. Replatforming (lift-and-resize) may involve some changes, but rehosting requires the least modification. Refactoring and rebuilding involve significant changes.

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54
MCQhard

A company is migrating a large-scale Hadoop cluster to Amazon EMR. The migration plan includes moving data from HDFS to Amazon S3. The company wants to minimize costs and ensure data durability. Which approach should the company use?

A.Set up a VPN connection and use rsync to copy data to S3.
B.Use Apache DistCp to copy data from HDFS to S3.
C.Use AWS Snowball Edge to physically transfer data from the cluster.
D.Use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) to migrate the data to S3.
AnswerB

DistCp is the standard tool for copying between HDFS and S3.

Why this answer

D is correct because DistCp is designed for efficient HDFS-to-S3 transfers, and S3's 99.999999999% durability meets requirements. A is wrong because Snowball adds latency. B is wrong because it does not address data migration.

C is wrong because AWS DMS is for databases, not file systems.

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55
MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy on-premises application to AWS. The application uses a proprietary database that runs on a single Windows server. The company wants to minimize downtime and avoid re-architecting the database. Which migration strategy should the solutions architect recommend?

A.Retire the application and replace it with a SaaS solution
B.Rehost using AWS Application Migration Service (CloudEndure)
C.Re-architect the application to use Amazon DynamoDB
D.Replatform by migrating the database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server
AnswerB

Correct: Allows lift-and-shift with minimal downtime and no changes to the database.

Why this answer

Rehost (lift-and-shift) is the best option because it moves the application without changes, minimizing downtime and avoiding re-architecture. Replatforming would require some changes, and re-architecting would involve significant rework. Retire is not applicable.

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56
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a stateful application to AWS. The application uses local storage for temporary data that must survive instance restarts but not region failures. Which storage solution should the company use?

A.Amazon EBS
B.Instance Store
C.Amazon S3
D.Amazon EFS
AnswerB

Ephemeral storage that persists across reboots.

Why this answer

Option C is correct because Instance Store provides ephemeral storage that persists across reboots but not stops. Option A (EBS) survives stops. Option B (EFS) is network file system.

Option D (S3) is object storage.

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57
MCQhard

A company is migrating a mission-critical application to AWS. The application requires a fixed IP address for whitelisting by external partners. The company plans to use an Application Load Balancer (ALB) to distribute traffic. However, ALB does not support static IP addresses. How can the company meet the requirement for static IP addresses while using the ALB?

A.Replace the ALB with a Network Load Balancer (NLB) that has Elastic IP addresses
B.Use AWS Global Accelerator with the ALB as an endpoint
C.Use Amazon Route 53 with a failover routing policy
D.Assign Elastic IP addresses to the ALB
AnswerB

Global Accelerator provides static IP addresses and routes traffic to the ALB.

Why this answer

Option C is correct: Using AWS Global Accelerator provides static anycast IP addresses and directs traffic to the ALB. Option A (NLB) would require a separate NLB, adding complexity. Option B (Elastic IP on ALB) is not possible.

Option D (Route 53) does not provide static IP addresses for whitelisting.

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58
Multi-Selecthard

A company is migrating a stateful application that uses local disks for caching to AWS. The application requires high-performance, low-latency storage that can be attached to a single EC2 instance. Which THREE AWS services or features should the company consider for the cache storage?

Select 3 answers
A.Amazon EBS io2 Block Express
B.Amazon EFS
C.Instance store
D.Local NVMe instance store
E.Amazon S3
AnswersA, C, D

io2 Block Express provides high-performance persistent block storage for a single instance.

Why this answer

Option A (Instance store), Option C (EBS io2 Block Express), and Option E (Local NVMe instance store) are correct. Instance store provides high-performance local storage but ephemeral. EBS io2 Block Express provides high-performance persistent block storage.

Local NVMe instance store is high-performance and local. Option B (EFS) is shared file system. Option D (S3) is object storage.

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59
MCQmedium

Refer to the exhibit. A company creates this CloudFormation stack. After 30 days, what happens to objects with the prefix 'logs/'?

A.They are deleted because of the lifecycle rule.
B.They remain in Standard storage because versioning is enabled.
C.They are deleted after 30 days because no expiration is defined.
D.They are moved to the GLACIER storage class.
AnswerD

The transition rule moves objects to GLACIER after 30 days.

Why this answer

The lifecycle rule transitions objects with prefix 'logs/' to GLACIER after 30 days. Option A is wrong because the rule is enabled. Option B is wrong because versioning is enabled but doesn't affect the transition.

Option D is wrong because the transition is triggered after 30 days.

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60
MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy application to AWS using the rehost (lift-and-shift) strategy. The application uses a proprietary database that is not supported by Amazon RDS. The company wants to automate the migration of multiple servers and minimize downtime. Which AWS service should be used to automate the server migration?

A.AWS CloudFormation to recreate the server configuration.
B.AWS Application Migration Service (AWS MGN).
C.AWS Server Migration Service (SMS).
D.AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) for the database and manual server migration.
AnswerB

Automates lift-and-shift with continuous replication and minimal downtime.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because AWS Application Migration Service (MGN) automates lift-and-shift with minimal downtime. Option A is wrong because AWS CloudFormation is for infrastructure provisioning, not migration. Option C is wrong because AWS DMS is for databases, not servers.

Option D is wrong because AWS Server Migration Service (SMS) is older and less automated compared to MGN.

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61
MCQhard

A company is migrating its on-premises data center to AWS. The company has over 200 applications, each with varying dependencies. The migration team wants to use AWS Migration Hub to track the migration progress. Which approach should the team take to ensure successful tracking and minimize manual effort?

A.Use Amazon CloudWatch dashboards to monitor the health of on-premises servers.
B.Use AWS Systems Manager to automate the migration of each application.
C.Use AWS Application Discovery Service to discover dependencies and then use AWS Migration Hub to track the migration of each application.
D.Manually create a spreadsheet of all applications and their dependencies, and update it weekly.
AnswerC

Application Discovery Service automates discovery, and Migration Hub provides a central tracking dashboard.

Why this answer

Option D is correct because using AWS Application Discovery Service to collect data about on-premises servers and their dependencies helps create a migration plan, and Migration Hub can then track progress across multiple tools. Option A is incorrect because manual tagging is error-prone and not automated. Option B is incorrect because CloudWatch is for monitoring, not tracking migration progress.

Option C is incorrect because Systems Manager is for management, not specifically for migration tracking.

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62
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a critical application to AWS. The application requires a relational database with high availability and automated failover. The company wants to use a fully managed database service. Which AWS service should the architect choose?

A.Amazon RDS Multi-AZ
B.Amazon ElastiCache
C.Amazon DynamoDB
D.Amazon RDS Single-AZ
AnswerA

RDS Multi-AZ provides high availability with automatic failover.

Why this answer

Amazon RDS Multi-AZ provides high availability with automated failover. Amazon Aurora is also fully managed and provides high availability, but the question asks for a relational database service; both RDS and Aurora are valid, but RDS Multi-AZ is a direct fit for the requirement. DynamoDB is NoSQL.

RDS Single-AZ does not provide failover. ElastiCache is for caching.

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63
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a legacy application that uses a third-party identity provider (IdP) for authentication. The application currently uses SAML 2.0. The company wants to use AWS IAM Identity Center for centralized access management. What is the best approach to integrate the IdP with AWS?

A.Use AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory to synchronize with the IdP
B.Create IAM users for each employee and assign groups and permissions
C.Configure IAM Identity Center to use the existing IdP as the identity source via SAML 2.0 federation
D.Use Amazon Cognito user pools with the IdP as a SAML identity provider
AnswerC

IAM Identity Center supports SAML 2.0 federation with external IdPs.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because AWS IAM Identity Center supports SAML 2.0 federation with external IdPs. Option B is wrong because creating IAM users duplicates identities. Option C is wrong because Cognito is for customer-facing apps, not corporate SSO.

Option D is wrong because Directory Service is for Active Directory, not generic SAML.

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64
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a large-scale e-commerce platform from on-premises to AWS. The migration plan includes rehosting the application servers and replatforming the database to Amazon Aurora. The company needs to ensure minimal downtime during the cutover. Which strategy should the company use for the database migration?

A.Use AWS DMS with a full load and ongoing replication to keep the target synchronized
B.Use AWS DMS with a full load only, then cut over
C.Use an application-level dual-write to both databases during the cutover
D.Take a snapshot of the on-premises database and restore it to Amazon Aurora
AnswerA

Correct. Ongoing replication reduces downtime during cutover.

Why this answer

AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with ongoing replication allows continuous data sync, enabling a cutover with minimal downtime. Using a snapshot backup requires downtime for restoration. AWS DMS with full load only does not keep the target up-to-date.

Using an application-level dual-write is complex and error-prone.

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65
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a critical application to AWS and needs to ensure business continuity. The application must be able to fail over to a different AWS Region with a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of 15 minutes and a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of 1 minute. Which strategy should the company use?

A.Warm standby in another Region
B.Multi-Region active-active deployment with synchronous replication
C.Pilot light in another Region
D.Backup and restore to another Region
AnswerB

Provides low RTO and RPO.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because an active-active multi-Region architecture with data replication can achieve RPO of 1 minute and RTO of 15 minutes. Option A (backup restore) has higher RTO/RPO. Option C (pilot light) has longer RTO.

Option D (warm standby) may have longer RTO.

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66
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a legacy on-premises .NET application to AWS. The application uses Windows Authentication and relies on Active Directory. The company wants to minimize code changes. Which solution should the architect recommend?

A.Use AWS Systems Manager to store credentials and inject them at runtime.
B.Migrate the application to Amazon WorkDocs and configure single sign-on.
C.Use Amazon Cognito user pools for authentication.
D.Deploy the application on Amazon EC2 instances joined to an AWS Managed Microsoft AD directory.
AnswerD

EC2 instances joined to Managed AD can use Windows Authentication with minimal changes.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because it allows the application to use Windows Authentication with minimal code changes by joining EC2 instances to a Managed AD domain. Option A is wrong because Cognito is for external user pools, not Windows Auth. Option C is wrong because WorkDocs is for document sharing.

Option D is wrong because SSM does not provide AD authentication.

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67
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a large .NET application to AWS. The application uses Windows authentication and integrates with Active Directory. The company wants to minimize operational overhead for the directory service. The on-premises Active Directory is already synchronized to AWS using AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory. During migration, the application fails to authenticate users. The security team confirms that the on-premises AD and AWS Managed AD are in sync. The application is running on EC2 instances that are joined to the AWS Managed AD domain. The application logs show authentication errors. What is the most likely cause of the authentication failure?

A.The application requires NTLM authentication, which is disabled by default.
B.The security group does not allow traffic on port 389 (LDAP).
C.The EC2 instances cannot resolve the domain controller DNS name.
D.The application is using a service account that is not in the AWS Managed AD.
AnswerD

Common cause: service account not migrated or created.

Why this answer

When using AWS Managed AD, the EC2 instances need to be joined to the domain. However, the application's service account or configuration must be properly set up. The most common issue is that the application is using the wrong domain credentials or the service account does not have the necessary permissions.

Option A is wrong because if instances are domain-joined, they can resolve DNS. Option B is wrong because the firewall rules are for network access, not authentication. Option D is wrong because NTLM is enabled by default.

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68
MCQmedium

A migration engineer is using AWS Application Migration Service (MGN) to migrate a Windows server from on-premises. The engineer runs the command above and sees the source server is in the "READY_FOR_TEST" state. What should the engineer do next?

A.Launch a test instance to validate the migration
B.Perform the cutover to the AWS environment
C.Modify the source server's recommended instance type to a smaller size
D.Resume data replication from the source server
AnswerA

Correct. Testing is the standard next step after initial replication.

Why this answer

The READY_FOR_TEST state indicates the initial replication is complete and a test instance can be launched. The next step is to launch a test instance to validate the migration. Cutting over immediately without testing is risky.

Resuming data replication is for troubleshooting. Checking the recommended instance type is optional but not the next required step.

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69
MCQeasy

A retail company is migrating its on-premises e-commerce application to AWS. The application currently runs on a single server with a MySQL database. The company wants to minimize operational overhead and improve scalability. Which migration strategy should be used?

A.Re-platform the application to use AWS Elastic Beanstalk and Amazon RDS.
B.Repurchase a new SaaS-based e-commerce solution.
C.Refactor the application as microservices on Amazon ECS with Amazon Aurora Serverless.
D.Rehost the application on Amazon EC2 and use Amazon RDS for MySQL.
AnswerD

Rehosting is quick and reduces operational overhead via RDS.

Why this answer

Option A is correct because lift-and-shift (rehosting) is the fastest way to migrate with minimal changes, reducing operational overhead. Option B is wrong because refactoring takes more time. Option C is wrong because re-platforming still requires modifications.

Option D is wrong because repurchasing would involve changing the application.

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70
MCQmedium

A company is migrating a monolithic e-commerce application to AWS. The application currently runs on a single on-premises server running Windows Server and SQL Server. The company wants to minimize re-architecting effort and time to migrate. Which migration strategy should the company use?

A.Retire the application and replace it with a SaaS solution
B.Refactor the application to use microservices on Amazon ECS
C.Rehost the application on Amazon EC2 Windows instances with SQL Server
D.Replatform the application to use Amazon RDS for SQL Server
AnswerC

Rehosting moves the application as-is, minimizing effort and time.

Why this answer

Option C is correct: Rehost (lift-and-shift) involves moving the application as-is to AWS, minimizing changes and time. Option A (Refactor) requires significant re-architecting. Option B (Replatform) involves some optimization but still requires changes.

Option D (Retire) is not applicable as the application is needed.

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71
MCQeasy

A company is migrating an e-commerce website to AWS. The website has a MySQL database. The company wants to automate the migration of the database schema and data. Which AWS service should they use?

A.AWS Glue
B.AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)
C.AWS Data Pipeline
D.AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT)
AnswerB

Migrates data and can use SCT for schema conversion.

Why this answer

Option B (AWS Database Migration Service) is correct because it automates data migration and can convert schema using SCT. Option A (SCT) only schema. Option C (Data Pipeline) is for data processing.

Option D (Glue) is for ETL.

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72
MCQmedium

A company is using the 7 Rs strategy to migrate a monolithic application to AWS. They want to move the application to the cloud without modifying the code but plan to later refactor parts of it. Which migration strategy should they choose initially?

A.Relocate
B.Refactor
C.Replatform
D.Rehost
AnswerD

Rehost moves the application without code changes, allowing future refactoring.

Why this answer

Rehost (lift-and-shift) moves the application as-is without code changes. Option A is wrong because Replatform involves minor optimizations. Option C is wrong because Refactor involves code changes.

Option D is wrong because Relocate moves only the server level.

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73
MCQmedium

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The database is 2 TB in size and the company has a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection. They need to minimize downtime. Which approach should the solutions architect recommend?

A.Export the database using Oracle Data Pump and import into RDS
B.Use AWS Snowball Edge to transfer the database files and then restore to RDS
C.Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool to convert the schema and AWS DMS for data migration without CDC
D.Use AWS DMS with full load followed by ongoing replication using change data capture (CDC)
AnswerD

Correct: DMS with CDC minimizes downtime by replicating changes continuously.

Why this answer

AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with change data capture (CDC) allows continuous replication and minimal downtime. Export/import would cause downtime. AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) is for schema conversion, not data migration.

Snowball is for offline data transfer and would delay the process.

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74
MCQhard

A company is migrating a 5 TB Microsoft SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. The migration must have minimal downtime. The team uses AWS DMS with ongoing replication. During the full load, the task fails with an error indicating that the source server's transaction log is full. What should the team do to resolve this issue?

A.Stop the DMS task, take a native backup of the source, restore it to RDS, and then start DMS with ongoing replication.
B.Increase the source server's transaction log size and set the log retention to a higher value.
C.Pause the DMS task, create a larger source instance, and restart the task.
D.Switch the DMS task to use batch-optimized apply mode.
AnswerB

This gives DMS more time to capture changes without filling the log.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because the error indicates the source transaction log is full during the full load phase of AWS DMS. Increasing the transaction log size and setting a higher log retention value prevents the log from filling up while DMS reads it for ongoing replication. This allows the full load to complete without interruption, addressing the root cause directly.

Exam trap

The trap here is that candidates may confuse the transaction log full error with a performance issue, leading them to choose options like resizing the instance or changing apply mode, rather than addressing the log space directly.

How to eliminate wrong answers

Option A is wrong because taking a native backup and restoring to RDS bypasses DMS's ongoing replication setup, requiring manual configuration and potentially causing data loss or inconsistency; it also does not resolve the transaction log issue on the source. Option C is wrong because pausing the task and resizing the source instance does not address the transaction log being full; it only changes compute resources, not log management. Option D is wrong because batch-optimized apply mode affects how DMS applies changes to the target, not how it reads the source transaction log; it does not prevent the log from filling up.

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75
MCQhard

A company is migrating a legacy monolithic application to AWS. The application has tightly coupled components and high latency between them. The company wants to modernize the application into a microservices architecture. Which migration strategy should the company use?

A.Repurchase
B.Rehost
C.Refactor / Re-architect
D.Replatform
AnswerC

This strategy changes the application architecture to microservices.

Why this answer

Option B is correct because the refactor/re-architect strategy involves re-architecting the application into microservices. Option A is wrong because rehost (lift-and-shift) does not modernize. Option C is wrong because replatform (lift-tinker-and-shift) makes minor optimizations but does not change architecture.

Option D is wrong because repurchase involves buying a new product, not re-architecting.

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