- A
Allow each team to create their own VPCs and use VPC Peering to connect them.
Why wrong: This decentralizes network administration and can lead to a mesh of peering connections.
- B
Deploy a centralized inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall and use Transit Gateway to route traffic.
This allows central inspection and control of traffic between VPCs.
- C
Create a dedicated network account and use AWS Resource Access Manager to share subnets with other accounts.
This allows central management of subnets while teams use them in their own accounts.
- D
Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy identical VPCs to each account.
Why wrong: This still creates separate VPCs per account, not centralized administration.
- E
Use AWS Firewall Manager to apply common security group rules across all accounts.
Firewall Manager can centrally enforce security group policies.
Quick Answer
The answer is to deploy a centralized inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall and use Transit Gateway to route traffic, alongside AWS Firewall Manager to apply common security group rules across all accounts. This combination centralizes network administration with isolated VPCs by creating a single hub for traffic inspection and policy enforcement, ensuring every VPC adheres to the same security posture without compromising isolation. On the AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional SAP-C02 exam, this scenario tests your ability to design a multi-account network architecture that balances centralized control with team autonomy—a common trap is choosing Direct Connect or VPC Peering alone, which lack centralized filtering. Remember the key: Transit Gateway for connectivity, Network Firewall for inspection, and Firewall Manager for policy governance. Memory tip: think “Hub, Filter, Enforce” to recall the three pillars of centralized VPC administration.
SAP-C02 Practice Question: Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity
This SAP-C02 practice question tests your understanding of design solutions for organizational complexity. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company is designing a multi-account strategy for its development teams. Each team needs to have its own isolated environment with VPCs, subnets, and security groups. The company wants to centralize network administration and ensure that all VPCs use a common set of security rules. Which THREE steps should the company take? (Choose THREE.)
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Deploy a centralized inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall and use Transit Gateway to route traffic.
Option B is correct because deploying a centralized inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall and using Transit Gateway to route traffic allows the company to centralize network administration and enforce common security rules across all VPCs. Transit Gateway acts as a hub for inter-VPC and on-premises connectivity, while AWS Network Firewall provides stateful inspection and filtering for all traffic passing through the hub, meeting the requirement for a common set of security rules.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Allow each team to create their own VPCs and use VPC Peering to connect them.
Why it's wrong here
This decentralizes network administration and can lead to a mesh of peering connections.
- ✓
Deploy a centralized inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall and use Transit Gateway to route traffic.
Why this is correct
This allows central inspection and control of traffic between VPCs.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✓
Create a dedicated network account and use AWS Resource Access Manager to share subnets with other accounts.
Why this is correct
This allows central management of subnets while teams use them in their own accounts.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy identical VPCs to each account.
Why it's wrong here
This still creates separate VPCs per account, not centralized administration.
- ✓
Use AWS Firewall Manager to apply common security group rules across all accounts.
Why this is correct
Firewall Manager can centrally enforce security group policies.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates may confuse AWS CloudFormation StackSets (which only automates resource deployment) with centralized security enforcement, overlooking the need for a hub-and-spoke architecture with a centralized inspection point like AWS Network Firewall and Transit Gateway.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Transit Gateway supports transitive routing between multiple VPCs and on-premises networks via a hub-and-spoke model, eliminating the need for full-mesh VPC Peering. AWS Network Firewall integrates with Transit Gateway through a centralized VPC where traffic is routed for inspection, allowing the application of consistent stateful and stateless rules (e.g., Suricata-compatible rule groups) across all attached VPCs. This architecture also supports centralized logging via VPC Flow Logs and AWS Firewall Manager for policy compliance.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
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Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this SAP-C02 question test?
Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — This question tests Design Solutions for Organizational Complexity — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Deploy a centralized inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall and use Transit Gateway to route traffic. — Option B is correct because deploying a centralized inspection VPC with AWS Network Firewall and using Transit Gateway to route traffic allows the company to centralize network administration and enforce common security rules across all VPCs. Transit Gateway acts as a hub for inter-VPC and on-premises connectivity, while AWS Network Firewall provides stateful inspection and filtering for all traffic passing through the hub, meeting the requirement for a common set of security rules.
What should I do if I get this SAP-C02 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026
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