SAP-C02 Practice Test 3 — 10 Questions

Question 1

A company uses AWS Control Tower to manage a multi-account environment. The security team needs to ensure that all accounts have AWS CloudTrail enabled and that logs are delivered to a central S3 bucket. What is the BEST way to achieve this?

Accepted Answer

Use the AWS CloudTrail setup provided by Control Tower, which automatically enables a trail for all accounts in the organization.. AWS Control Tower provides an integrated CloudTrail setup that automatically creates and manages a central trail for all accounts in the organization. This trail is deployed using AWS CloudFormation StackSets and delivers logs to a centralized S3 bucket, ensuring compliance without manual intervention or custom automation. This is the best approach because it is native, fully managed, and aligns with Control Tower's governance model.

Answer

Use an AWS Lambda function that runs periodically to enable CloudTrail in accounts where it is disabled.

Answer

Create an AWS Config rule in each account to enable CloudTrail if it is disabled.

Answer

Use an SCP to require CloudTrail to be enabled in each account.

Question 2

Refer to the exhibit. An IAM role trust policy is shown. A user from account 123456789012 tries to assume this role but receives an 'AccessDenied' error. The user has MFA enabled and is passing the MFA token. What is the MOST likely reason for the failure?

Accepted Answer

The user is not passing the MFA serial number and token code in the assume-role API call.. Option C is correct because the IAM role trust policy includes a condition that checks for the presence of both `aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent` and `aws:MultiFactorAuthAge`. Even though the user has MFA enabled and is passing the MFA token, the `aws:MultiFactorAuthSerialNumber` and `aws:MultiFactorAuthTokenCode` parameters must be explicitly included in the `sts:AssumeRole` API call. Without these, the condition evaluates to false, resulting in an 'AccessDenied' error.

Answer

The condition uses 'BoolIfExists' instead of 'Bool' which causes the policy to fail when the key is present.

Answer

The role requires MFA, but the user's MFA device is not configured correctly.

Answer

The principal is set to the root account, which does not allow IAM users to assume the role.

Question 3

A company uses AWS Organizations with multiple OUs. The finance team needs to have read-only access to billing data across all accounts. The security team wants to ensure that no IAM user can modify billing preferences. Which policy should be attached to the root OU to achieve this?

Accepted Answer

An SCP that denies the effect of actions that modify billing preferences.. Option D is correct because a Service Control Policy (SCP) attached to the root OU can deny the effect of actions that modify billing preferences across all accounts in the organization. SCPs are the only mechanism that can restrict permissions for all principals (including the root user) in member accounts, and by using a Deny effect on specific billing modification actions, the security team ensures no IAM user or role can alter billing settings. This approach does not require enumerating every allowed read-only action, which avoids the risk of missing future read-only actions.

Answer

An SCP that allows only read-only billing actions.

Answer

An SCP that denies all billing-related actions except read-only.

Answer

An IAM policy attached to the root OU that denies billing modifications.

Question 4

A multinational corporation is implementing a multi-account AWS strategy using AWS Organizations. The security team requires that all newly created accounts in the organization automatically have an Amazon GuardDuty detector enabled in all enabled Regions. Which solution meets this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Accepted Answer

Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets with a stack that includes an AWS::GuardDuty::Detector resource, and apply it to the organization root OU.. Option A is correct because AWS CloudFormation StackSets can be applied to the organization root OU, automatically deploying an AWS::GuardDuty::Detector resource to every account in the organization as new accounts are created. This approach requires no manual intervention per account, and StackSets handle the lifecycle of the detector across all enabled Regions with minimal operational overhead.

Answer

Use AWS Service Catalog to publish a GuardDuty product and require account owners to launch it.

Answer

Use an SCP that denies guardduty:DeleteDetector and guardduty:UpdateDetector actions, then have each account administrator manually enable GuardDuty.

Answer

Use AWS Config rules to detect accounts without GuardDuty enabled and trigger a Lambda function to enable it.

Question 5

A company is migrating to a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Control Tower. The security team must ensure that all accounts have AWS Config enabled and that logs are delivered to a central S3 bucket. Which THREE steps should the security team take?

Accepted Answer

Use an SCP to prevent disabling of AWS Config in any account.. Option B is correct because AWS Control Tower uses Service Control Policies (SCPs) to enforce guardrails. An SCP can be applied to the root or OUs to prevent any account from disabling AWS Config, ensuring compliance across the multi-account environment without requiring per-account manual intervention.

Answer

Manually create an S3 bucket in each account to store Config logs.

Answer

Create an IAM role in each account to allow the management account to access Config logs.

Question 6

A company uses AWS Organizations with a multi-account strategy. The DevOps team wants to allow developers to launch EC2 instances only in specific Regions and only with approved AMIs. Which AWS service should be used to enforce these controls across all accounts?

Accepted Answer

AWS Organizations Service Control Policies (SCPs). AWS Organizations Service Control Policies (SCPs) are the correct choice because they allow you to centrally define and enforce permission guardrails across all accounts in your organization. SCPs can restrict EC2 actions to specific Regions using the `aws:RequestedRegion` condition key and limit AMI usage by denying launch actions unless the AMI ID matches an approved list, ensuring compliance without requiring per-account configuration.

Answer

AWS Config rules with auto-remediation

Answer

AWS Service Catalog with a portfolio of approved AMIs

Answer

AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies in each account

Question 7

A multinational corporation is migrating its on-premises Active Directory (AD) to AWS Managed Microsoft AD. The company has a hub-and-spoke VPC topology with a central transit gateway. The AD domain controllers must be deployed in two different AWS Regions for disaster recovery. The corporate security policy requires that all AD traffic between Regions must traverse the transit gateway and be inspected by a third-party firewall appliance deployed in the inspection VPC. Which architecture meets these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Deploy AD in two Regions, attach both VPCs to a transit gateway in the primary Region, and use a transit gateway inter-Region peering attachment. Configure route tables to force traffic through the inspection VPC in the primary Region.. Option D is correct because it uses a transit gateway in the primary Region with an inter-Region peering attachment to the secondary Region, allowing AD traffic to be routed through the inspection VPC in the primary Region for firewall inspection. This meets the security policy requirement that all cross-Region AD traffic must traverse the transit gateway and be inspected by the third-party firewall appliance.

Answer

Deploy AD in two Regions and use a VPN connection between the VPCs to replicate data.

Answer

Deploy a single AD domain in one Region and use AD replication over a VPC peering connection to a second Region.

Answer

Deploy AD in two Regions, attach both VPCs to the transit gateway, and enable cross-Region transit gateway peering. Use route tables to direct AD traffic through the inspection VPC.

Question 8

A company is using AWS Organizations with consolidated billing. The finance team wants to track costs by business unit. Each business unit has its own AWS account. The team needs a solution that allows them to generate cost reports filtered by business unit without additional overhead. Which action should be taken?

Accepted Answer

Apply tags to resources and enable cost allocation tags in Billing and Cost Management.. Option C is correct because applying tags to resources and enabling cost allocation tags in AWS Billing and Cost Management allows the finance team to categorize costs by business unit without additional overhead. Each business unit's AWS account can have resources tagged with a key like 'BusinessUnit', and once cost allocation tags are activated, Cost Explorer and cost reports can filter and group by these tags, providing automated cost tracking across accounts in AWS Organizations.

Answer

Use Cost Explorer to filter by linked account, which automatically groups by business unit.

Answer

Use AWS Budgets to create budgets per account and manually aggregate.

Answer

Create a separate payer account for each business unit.

Question 9

A company has a management account in AWS Organizations and several member accounts. The security team wants to ensure that any IAM user created in any member account must have a password policy that enforces a minimum length of 14 characters. The team wants a preventive control that is enforced automatically. Which approach should be used?

Accepted Answer

Use an SCP to deny the iam:UpdateAccountPasswordPolicy action and deploy a password policy using CloudFormation StackSets.. Option B is correct because an SCP can deny the iam:UpdateAccountPasswordPolicy action, preventing member accounts from altering the password policy, while CloudFormation StackSets can deploy a compliant password policy across all member accounts automatically. This combination provides a preventive control that enforces the minimum 14-character requirement without relying on user action or reactive detection.

Answer

Use AWS Service Catalog to provide a password policy product and require account owners to launch it.

Answer

Use an SCP to deny the iam:CreateUser action unless the request includes a condition that the password policy meets the requirement.

Answer

Use AWS Config rules to detect accounts without the required password policy and auto-remediate with a Lambda function.

Question 10

A company uses AWS Organizations and has a requirement that all root user activities in member accounts must be immediately reported to the security team. Which combination of actions should be taken to meet this requirement? (Choose the best answer.)

Accepted Answer

Enable AWS CloudTrail in all accounts with a trail that logs management events and delivers to a centralized S3 bucket. Use Amazon CloudWatch Events to create a rule that matches root user API calls and sends notifications via Amazon SNS.. Option B is correct because it combines AWS CloudTrail logging of management events across all accounts into a centralized S3 bucket with Amazon CloudWatch Events (now Amazon EventBridge) to detect root user API calls in real time. This setup ensures immediate notification via Amazon SNS, meeting the requirement for instant reporting without manual polling or batch processing.

Answer

Enable AWS CloudTrail and use Amazon Athena to query logs periodically and send a report.

Answer

Use AWS Config rules to detect root user activities and trigger an AWS Lambda function to send an email.

Answer

Use AWS Trusted Advisor to check for root user usage and generate a weekly report.