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Design High-Performing ArchitecturesmediumMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

SAA-C03 Design High-Performing Architectures Practice Question

A DynamoDB-backed event processing system experiences throttling during a promotion. All events are written and read using the same partition key value (tenantId = "ACME"). The workload is time-ordered per tenant, and the application can tolerate slight reordering across partitions. Which design change will most directly increase throughput and reduce hot-partition throttling?

⚠ Common exam trap

Watch out — candidates often assume increasing provisioned capacity (Option A) is the universal fix for throttling, but AWS specifically tests the understanding that DynamoDB's per-partition throughput limits require a sharding strategy to distribute load across partitions.

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

Change the partition key to include an additional sharding attribute derived from a hash of eventId.

Adding a sharding attribute derived from a hash of eventId allows writes and reads to be distributed across multiple partition keys, breaking the single hot partition caused by using tenantId='ACME' for all operations. DynamoDB's throughput is limited per partition, so distributing the load across many partitions directly reduces throttling without changing the application's tolerance for slight reordering.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • Increase the table's provisioned capacity (read/write units) to handle the promotion peak.

    Why it's wrong here

    More overall capacity can help with table-wide limits, but hot-partition throttling is caused by one physical partition becoming saturated by a single partition key value. Even with higher total table capacity, the tenantId = "ACME" partition can still hit its per-partition limits and continue throttling. It also tends to be costly for temporary spikes.

  • Change the partition key to include an additional sharding attribute derived from a hash of eventId.

    Why this is correct

    When all traffic targets one partition key value, that partition becomes the bottleneck regardless of total table capacity. Adding a shard/salt attribute to the partition key (for example, tenantId + shardId where shardId = hash(eventId) mod N) spreads writes across multiple partition key values, increasing partition-level parallelism. Because the scenario allows slight reordering across partitions, losing strict single-partition time ordering is acceptable while improving throughput and reducing throttling.

  • Enable DAX caching for all reads but keep the same partition key and item layout.

    Why it's wrong here

    DAX can reduce read latency and help offload repeat reads from DynamoDB, but it does not change where writes land. During a promotion, throttling is typically driven by heavy write demand as well, so the same hot partition remains a write hotspot. DAX effectiveness depends on having a high degree of repeated reads to the same keys.

  • Switch the table to eventually consistent reads for queries to lower read throttling.

    Why it's wrong here

    Eventually consistent reads reduce read request unit consumption for reads, which can help if throttling is purely read-related. However, it does not address write hot-partition throttling, and the scenario states throttling during a promotion where write and read load may both be high. Also, it does not increase partition-level parallelism.

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Last reviewed: Jun 11, 2026

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