The answer is AWS Transit Gateway with multiple route tables, Network Firewall in an inspection VPC, and a Virtual Private Gateway attached to the inspection VPC. These three components work together to force all inter-VPC, internet-bound, and Direct Connect traffic through a central firewall by using separate route tables to isolate and direct traffic flows, placing the firewall in a dedicated inspection VPC, and attaching a Virtual Private Gateway to that VPC so that on-premises traffic from Direct Connect is routed through the firewall before reaching other VPCs. On the AWS Certified Advanced Networking Specialty ANS-C01 exam, this scenario tests your understanding of Transit Gateway inspection architecture and the critical distinction between centralized egress (which may use a NAT Gateway but is not a required component for inspection) and VPC Peering (which is incompatible with Transit Gateway). A common trap is selecting NAT Gateway as a required component, but remember: the firewall handles inspection, while the egress VPC handles internet exit—they are separate concerns. Memory tip: “Three Ts for Traffic Inspection—Transit Gateway route tables, firewall in a Transit VPC, and a Virtual Private Gateway to trap Direct Connect traffic.”
ANS-C01 Network Security, Compliance and Governance Practice Question
This ANS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of network security, compliance and governance. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company is designing a multi-VPC architecture with AWS Transit Gateway. The security requirements include: (1) all inter-VPC traffic must be inspected by a central firewall, (2) traffic to the internet must egress through a centralized egress VPC, and (3) traffic to on-premises via Direct Connect must go through the same inspection firewall. Which THREE components are required to meet these requirements?
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
AWS Network Firewall in an inspection VPC
Option A (Transit Gateway with route tables) is needed to control traffic routing. Option C (Network Firewall in inspection VPC) provides traffic inspection. Option E (Virtual Private Gateway attached to inspection VPC) allows Direct Connect traffic to be routed through the firewall. Option B is wrong because NAT Gateway is for internet egress, but the requirement is for centralized egress VPC which may use NAT Gateway, but NAT Gateway alone is not a component required for all three requirements. Option D is wrong because VPC Peering is not used with Transit Gateway.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
VPC peering connections between all VPCs
Why it's wrong here
Transit Gateway replaces peering for transitive routing.
✓
AWS Network Firewall in an inspection VPC
Why this is correct
Provides centralized traffic inspection.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✓
Virtual Private Gateway (VGW) attachment to the inspection VPC
Why this is correct
Allows Direct Connect traffic to enter the inspection VPC for firewall inspection.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✗
NAT gateways in each VPC
Why it's wrong here
NAT gateways are not needed if internet egress is centralized.
✓
AWS Transit Gateway with multiple route tables
Why this is correct
Route tables steer traffic between VPCs and to inspection VPC.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.
TExam Day Tips
→Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
→Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
→Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A healthcare organisation deploys an application with a public-facing web tier and a private database tier. The database subnet has no public IP and only accepts connections from the web tier's security group. Questions like this test whether you can design cloud network isolation using VNets/VPCs, subnets, and security group rules.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related ANS-C01 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Network Security, Compliance and Governance — This question tests Network Security, Compliance and Governance — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: AWS Network Firewall in an inspection VPC — Option A (Transit Gateway with route tables) is needed to control traffic routing. Option C (Network Firewall in inspection VPC) provides traffic inspection. Option E (Virtual Private Gateway attached to inspection VPC) allows Direct Connect traffic to be routed through the firewall. Option B is wrong because NAT Gateway is for internet egress, but the requirement is for centralized egress VPC which may use NAT Gateway, but NAT Gateway alone is not a component required for all three requirements. Option D is wrong because VPC Peering is not used with Transit Gateway.
What should I do if I get this ANS-C01 question wrong?
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related ANS-C01 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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