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Network Security, Compliance and Governance →hardMultiple SelectObjective-mapped

ANS-C01 Network Security, Compliance and Governance Practice Question

This ANS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of network security, compliance and governance. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A company's security team is designing a solution to restrict S3 bucket access based on the requester's network. The company has a set of on-premises IP ranges and wants to ensure that only requests originating from those IPs can access the bucket. Which combination of actions should be taken? (Choose TWO.)

A
Configure the EC2 instances in the VPC to use Elastic IPs and allow those IPs in the bucket policy
Why wrong: Elastic IPs are public IPs but the requirement is to restrict based on on-premises IPs, not EC2 instance IPs.
B
Create a VPC endpoint for S3 and attach a VPC endpoint policy that restricts access to the specific bucket
This ensures that even if requests originate from the VPC, they must go through the endpoint and be subject to the policy.
C
Use AWS WAF to inspect HTTP requests to the bucket
Why wrong: AWS WAF is for web ACLs on CloudFront or ALB, not directly for S3 bucket access.
D
Enable S3 Block Public Access on the bucket
Why wrong: This blocks all public access but does not restrict based on IP.
E
Create an S3 bucket policy that uses the aws:SourceIp condition to allow access only from the on-premises IP ranges
This directly restricts access based on source IP.

Full breakdown with real-world context →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

Create a VPC endpoint for S3 and attach a VPC endpoint policy that restricts access to the specific bucket

To restrict S3 bucket access based on the requester's network, you can use an S3 bucket policy with the aws:SourceIp condition to allow only requests from specified on-premises IP ranges (option E). However, if requests originate from within a VPC, they might appear to come from the VPC's public IPs (e.g., through a NAT gateway) rather than the on-premises IPs. To handle this, you can create a VPC endpoint for S3 and attach a VPC endpoint policy that restricts access to the specific bucket (option B). This ensures traffic from the VPC to S3 goes through the endpoint and can be controlled separately. Option A is incorrect because using Elastic IPs does not reliably restrict access; the bucket policy would need to allow specific Elastic IPs, but this does not account for on-premises IPs. Option C is incorrect because AWS WAF is for web application traffic, not S3 bucket access. Option D is incorrect because S3 Block Public Access prevents public access but does not restrict based on the requester's network.

Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

✗
Configure the EC2 instances in the VPC to use Elastic IPs and allow those IPs in the bucket policy
Why it's wrong here
Elastic IPs are public IPs but the requirement is to restrict based on on-premises IPs, not EC2 instance IPs.
✓
Create a VPC endpoint for S3 and attach a VPC endpoint policy that restricts access to the specific bucket
Why this is correct
This ensures that even if requests originate from the VPC, they must go through the endpoint and be subject to the policy.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
✗
Use AWS WAF to inspect HTTP requests to the bucket
Why it's wrong here
AWS WAF is for web ACLs on CloudFront or ALB, not directly for S3 bucket access.
✗
Enable S3 Block Public Access on the bucket
Why it's wrong here
This blocks all public access but does not restrict based on IP.
✓
Create an S3 bucket policy that uses the aws:SourceIp condition to allow access only from the on-premises IP ranges
Why this is correct
This directly restricts access based on source IP.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: NAT rules depend on direction and matching traffic

NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.

KKey Concepts to Remember

Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
PAT allows many inside hosts to share one public address using ports.
Inside local and inside global describe the private and translated addresses.
NAT ACLs identify traffic for translation, not always security filtering.

TExam Day Tips

Identify inside and outside interfaces first.
Check whether the scenario needs static NAT, dynamic NAT or PAT.
Do not confuse NAT matching ACLs with normal packet-filtering intent.

Key takeaway

NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.

Visual reference

Quick reference

AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison

Storage Class	Min Duration	Retrieval	Use Case
S3 Standard	None	Immediate	Frequently accessed data
S3 Standard-IA	30 days	Immediate	Infrequent access, rapid retrieval
S3 One Zone-IA	30 days	Immediate	Non-critical infrequent data
S3 Intelligent-Tiering	None	Immediate–hours	Unknown or changing access patterns
S3 Glacier Instant	90 days	Milliseconds	Archive with instant retrieval
S3 Glacier Flexible	90 days	Minutes–hours	Archive, flexible retrieval
S3 Glacier Deep Archive	180 days	Hours	Long-term compliance archive

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related ANS-C01 NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this ANS-C01 question test?

Network Security, Compliance and Governance — This question tests Network Security, Compliance and Governance — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Create a VPC endpoint for S3 and attach a VPC endpoint policy that restricts access to the specific bucket — To restrict S3 bucket access based on the requester's network, you can use an S3 bucket policy with the aws:SourceIp condition to allow only requests from specified on-premises IP ranges (option E). However, if requests originate from within a VPC, they might appear to come from the VPC's public IPs (e.g., through a NAT gateway) rather than the on-premises IPs. To handle this, you can create a VPC endpoint for S3 and attach a VPC endpoint policy that restricts access to the specific bucket (option B). This ensures traffic from the VPC to S3 goes through the endpoint and can be controlled separately. Option A is incorrect because using Elastic IPs does not reliably restrict access; the bucket policy would need to allow specific Elastic IPs, but this does not account for on-premises IPs. Option C is incorrect because AWS WAF is for web application traffic, not S3 bucket access. Option D is incorrect because S3 Block Public Access prevents public access but does not restrict based on the requester's network.

What should I do if I get this ANS-C01 question wrong?

What is the key concept behind this question?

Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.

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