- A
Place a single NVA in the Transit Gateway and route all inter-VPC traffic through it.
Why wrong: Single point of failure; no load balancing or scaling.
- B
Create VPC peering connections between each VPC and the security VPC, then configure the NVAs to route traffic.
Why wrong: VPC peering is not transitive; you would need full mesh, not scalable.
- C
Attach all VPCs to a Transit Gateway, use separate route tables for inspection, and deploy NVAs behind a Gateway Load Balancer in the security VPC.
Transit Gateway provides transitive routing; GWLB provides HA and scale for NVAs.
- D
Use Direct Connect to connect all VPCs to a central location and route through NVAs there.
Why wrong: Direct Connect is not designed for VPC-to-VPC connectivity; adds complexity and cost.
ANS-C01 Network Implementation Practice Question
This ANS-C01 practice question tests your understanding of network implementation. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company uses AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs and on-premises networks via VPN. They want to inspect traffic between VPCs using a centralized network virtual appliance (NVA) in a security VPC. What is the most scalable and highly available design to achieve this?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Attach all VPCs to a Transit Gateway, use separate route tables for inspection, and deploy NVAs behind a Gateway Load Balancer in the security VPC.
Option C is correct because it uses Transit Gateway with separate route tables to isolate inspection traffic, and deploys NVAs behind a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) in the security VPC. GWLB provides automatic scaling and health checks across multiple NVAs, ensuring high availability and scalability for inter-VPC traffic inspection without introducing a single point of failure or manual routing complexity.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Place a single NVA in the Transit Gateway and route all inter-VPC traffic through it.
Why it's wrong here
Single point of failure; no load balancing or scaling.
- ✗
Create VPC peering connections between each VPC and the security VPC, then configure the NVAs to route traffic.
Why it's wrong here
VPC peering is not transitive; you would need full mesh, not scalable.
- ✓
Attach all VPCs to a Transit Gateway, use separate route tables for inspection, and deploy NVAs behind a Gateway Load Balancer in the security VPC.
Why this is correct
Transit Gateway provides transitive routing; GWLB provides HA and scale for NVAs.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Use Direct Connect to connect all VPCs to a central location and route through NVAs there.
Why it's wrong here
Direct Connect is not designed for VPC-to-VPC connectivity; adds complexity and cost.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often assume a single NVA in the Transit Gateway (Option A) is feasible, but Transit Gateway is a managed service that cannot host customer appliances, and they overlook that VPC peering (Option B) lacks transitive routing, making it unsuitable for centralized inspection in a multi-VPC environment.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Gateway Load Balancer uses the Geneve protocol (port 6081) to encapsulate traffic between the GWLB endpoint and the NVAs, allowing transparent inspection while preserving original packet headers. Transit Gateway route tables can be configured with blackhole routes or specific inspection VPC attachments to force traffic through the security VPC, and GWLB automatically distributes traffic across multiple NVAs in different Availability Zones, achieving both horizontal scaling and fault isolation. In a real-world scenario, this design supports up to thousands of VPCs attached to a single Transit Gateway, with GWLB handling millions of packets per second across a fleet of NVAs.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
An e-commerce site experiences heavy traffic on Black Friday and near-zero traffic during off-peak weeks. Rather than provisioning permanent large VMs, the team uses auto-scaling groups that add capacity automatically under load and reduce it overnight. Questions like this test whether you understand elasticity, availability zones, and cloud compute scaling patterns.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this ANS-C01 question test?
Network Implementation — This question tests Network Implementation — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Attach all VPCs to a Transit Gateway, use separate route tables for inspection, and deploy NVAs behind a Gateway Load Balancer in the security VPC. — Option C is correct because it uses Transit Gateway with separate route tables to isolate inspection traffic, and deploys NVAs behind a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) in the security VPC. GWLB provides automatic scaling and health checks across multiple NVAs, ensuring high availability and scalability for inter-VPC traffic inspection without introducing a single point of failure or manual routing complexity.
What should I do if I get this ANS-C01 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026
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