ANS-C01 Network Design Practice Question
A company is designing a network for a multi-account AWS environment using AWS Organizations. They need to establish a central inspection VPC for traffic inspection using a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB). Traffic from all other VPCs should be routed through the inspection VPC before reaching the internet or on-premises. Which architecture should be used?
⚠ Common exam trap
Many candidates confuse VPC Peering's lack of transitive routing with the ability to create a hub-and-spoke model, leading them to select Option A, but AWS explicitly states that VPC Peering does not support transitive routing, making Transit Gateway the only viable option for centralized inspection across multiple VPCs.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Use AWS Transit Gateway with a centralized inspection VPC that hosts a GWLB. Configure route tables on the Transit Gateway to send traffic to the GWLB endpoint.
AWS Transit Gateway enables centralized routing between multiple VPCs, and when combined with a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB) in an inspection VPC, it allows traffic from all other VPCs to be forwarded to the GWLB for inspection before reaching the internet or on-premises. Transit Gateway route tables can be configured with static routes pointing to the GWLB endpoint (using Gateway Load Balancer Endpoint service), ensuring all inter-VPC and egress traffic is steered through the inspection VPC. This architecture scales efficiently across many VPCs in an AWS Organizations multi-account setup without requiring complex peering or direct connections.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Use VPC Peering to connect all VPCs to the inspection VPC and configure routes to the GWLB.
Why it's wrong here
VPC Peering is not transitive; each VPC would need a peering connection, and routing is complex.
- ✗
Use AWS Direct Connect Gateway to connect all VPCs and route traffic through the inspection VPC.
Why it's wrong here
Direct Connect Gateway is for on-premises connectivity, not VPC-to-VPC.
- ✓
Use AWS Transit Gateway with a centralized inspection VPC that hosts a GWLB. Configure route tables on the Transit Gateway to send traffic to the GWLB endpoint.
Why this is correct
Transit Gateway allows transitive routing and can force traffic through the inspection VPC.
- ✗
Use AWS Network Firewall in each VPC and route traffic to it.
Why it's wrong here
This does not centralize inspection and increases cost and management overhead.
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Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
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