FC0-U71 Data and Database Fundamentals Practice Test 3 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A SELECT statement combines rows from two tables based on a related column. Which SQL clause is used to accomplish this?

Accepted Answer

JOIN. The JOIN clause combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column, such as a primary key to foreign key relationship. INNER JOIN returns matching rows, while LEFT/RIGHT/FULL OUTER JOINs include unmatched rows. This is the standard SQL mechanism for relational row combination.

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GROUP BY

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ORDER BY

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WHERE

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a NoSQL database that stores data as JSON-like documents?

Accepted Answer

MongoDB. MongoDB is a document-oriented NoSQL database that stores data in BSON (Binary JSON) documents, making it the canonical example of a JSON-like document store. It allows flexible, schema-less documents and is widely used for content management, catalogs, and real-time analytics.

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MySQL

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PostgreSQL

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SQLite

Question 3

A developer modifies a database and wants to ensure that every value in a column meets a specific condition, such as age must be between 0 and 120. Which type of integrity constraint should be used?

Accepted Answer

Domain integrity. Domain integrity ensures that values in a column fall within a defined valid range or set of values, such as age between 0 and 120. It is enforced through CHECK constraints, data type definitions, and default values that restrict the domain of acceptable values for an attribute. The scenario explicitly describes a condition on column values, which is the definition of domain integrity.

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Referential integrity

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User-defined integrity

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Entity integrity

Question 4

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of a relational database? (Select TWO.)

Accepted Answer

Data is stored in tables with rows and columns.. Option B is correct because a relational database stores data in structured tables composed of rows (records) and columns (attributes), which is the fundamental organizing principle of the relational model. Option E is correct because relational databases establish relationships between tables through keys — typically primary keys that uniquely identify rows and foreign keys that reference primary keys in other tables — enabling joins and referential integrity. Option A is incorrect because relational databases are precisely the systems queried with SQL (Structured Query Language), so they do support SQL queries. Option C is incorrect because relational databases are optimized for structured, tabular data; unstructured content like videos is typically handled by object storage or NoSQL/document stores. Option D is incorrect because relational databases generally use a fixed, predefined schema (with controlled migrations via DDL), whereas flexible, dynamically changing schemas are characteristic of NoSQL databases.

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It does not support SQL queries.

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It is optimized for storing unstructured data like videos.

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It uses a flexible schema that can change dynamically.

Question 5

Which TWO of the following are examples of popular relational database management systems (RDBMS)? (Select TWO.)

Accepted Answer

MySQL. MySQL (B) is a widely used open-source relational database management system that stores data in tables with rows and columns and supports SQL, making it a correct example of an RDBMS. PostgreSQL (D) is likewise a popular open-source relational database management system that enforces ACID transactions, foreign keys, and SQL compliance, so it also qualifies as an RDBMS. The remaining options are non-relational: Cassandra (A) is a distributed wide-column NoSQL store, MongoDB (C) is a document-oriented NoSQL database, and Redis (E) is an in-memory key-value data store, none of which implement the relational table-and-SQL model.

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Cassandra

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MongoDB

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Redis

Question 6

Which THREE of the following are advantages of using a cloud database service (DBaaS) over an on-premises database? (Select THREE.)

Accepted Answer

No need to manage physical hardware. Option A is correct because a DBaaS provider owns and operates the underlying physical servers, storage, and networking, so the customer is freed from hardware procurement, racking, cabling, and maintenance tasks. Option B is correct because DBaaS platforms typically include managed automated backups, point-in-time recovery, and cross-region replication or failover as built-in features, reducing the administrative burden of designing and testing a DR strategy. Option D is correct because DBaaS offerings commonly provide elastic scaling of compute, storage, and IOPS—often automatically or via simple configuration changes—to match changing workload demand without manual capacity planning. Option C is not correct because latency depends on network distance and topology; a cloud database can be slower than a local on-premises database when the application and data are geographically separated. Option E is not correct because DBaaS abstracts the operating system away from the customer, who generally has little or no OS-level access, unlike on-premises deployments where full OS control is retained.

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Lower latency than on-premises in all cases

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Full control over the operating system

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of a relational database table?

Accepted Answer

Rows represent records and columns represent fields. In a relational database table, the fundamental structure is that each row (tuple) represents a single record (instance of an entity), and each column (attribute) represents a field (property) of that record. This is the standard row-column orientation defined by E.F. Codd's relational model. Therefore, option A correctly describes this characteristic.

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Rows represent fields and columns represent records

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Each table must have a composite key

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Tables are stored in a hierarchical structure

Question 8

A sales database has a Customers table with CustomerID as the primary key and an Orders table that includes CustomerID. Which type of relationship is typically established between Customers and Orders?

Accepted Answer

One-to-many. A single customer can place many orders, but each order belongs to exactly one customer, which is the definition of a one-to-many relationship. The CustomerID foreign key in the Orders table references the primary key in Customers, enforcing that each order is tied to one customer while allowing a customer to have multiple orders.

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One-to-one

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Many-to-many

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Unrelated

Question 9

A database designer wants to ensure that every value in a column called 'Status' is either 'Active', 'Inactive', or 'Pending'. Which type of constraint should be applied?

Accepted Answer

Domain integrity. Domain integrity is the correct constraint type because it restricts the values of a column to a defined domain — in this case, the set {'Active', 'Inactive', 'Pending'}. This is typically enforced with a CHECK constraint or an ENUM data type that limits acceptable values. The scenario describes exactly a domain restriction on the 'Status' column.

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Entity integrity

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User-defined integrity

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Referential integrity

Question 10

Which SQL statement is used to retrieve all columns from a table named 'Employees'?

Accepted Answer

SELECT * FROM Employees. SELECT * FROM Employees is the correct SQL statement to retrieve all columns from the Employees table. SELECT * specifies all columns, and FROM identifies the table. No WHERE clause is needed because the question asks for all rows.

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RETRIEVE Employees

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SHOW * FROM Employees

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GET * FROM Employees

Question 11

A company stores customer data in a flat file. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a flat file compared to a relational database?

Accepted Answer

Flat files do not support concurrent multi-user access. Flat files store data as a single sequential stream of records with no built-in locking, transaction manager, or record-level access control, so two users writing at the same time can overwrite each other's changes or corrupt the file. A relational database management system (RDBMS) provides concurrency control through locking, MVCC, and transactions, allowing many users to read and write safely. This makes concurrent multi-user access the classic disadvantage of flat files.

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Flat files are slower for sequential reads

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Flat files support complex queries

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Flat files enforce referential integrity

Question 12

Which of the following SQL statements will add a new row to the 'Products' table?

Accepted Answer

INSERT INTO Products VALUES ('Widget', 10.99). The SQL INSERT statement is the standard Data Manipulation Language (DML) command used to add new rows to a table. The syntax INSERT INTO Products VALUES ('Widget', 10.99) inserts a new row with the specified values into the Products table, assuming the column order matches the table definition. This is the correct and ANSI-standard way to add data.

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UPDATE Products SET name='Widget', price=10.99

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CREATE ROW IN Products ('Widget', 10.99)

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ADD INTO Products VALUES ('Widget', 10.99)

Question 13

A database contains two tables: 'Authors' (AuthorID, Name) and 'Books' (BookID, Title, AuthorID). A query needs to return all authors and any books they have written, including authors with no books. Which type of JOIN should be used?

Accepted Answer

LEFT JOIN. A LEFT JOIN returns all rows from the left table (Authors) and matching rows from the right table (Books), filling NULLs where no match exists. Since the requirement is to include authors with no books, the Authors table must be the left (preserved) side. This is the textbook use case for LEFT JOIN.

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CROSS JOIN

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RIGHT JOIN

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INNER JOIN

Question 14

Which of the following is a valid reason to use a database instead of a spreadsheet?

Accepted Answer

Databases provide query capabilities and enforce data integrity. Databases provide structured query languages (SQL) for complex data retrieval and enforce data integrity through constraints like primary keys, foreign keys, and data types. These capabilities prevent duplicate or orphaned records and enable powerful multi-table queries that spreadsheets cannot reliably match at scale. This is the core reason to choose a database over a spreadsheet.

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Spreadsheets cannot store numbers

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Spreadsheets are harder to learn

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Databases are always free

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a NoSQL database?

Accepted Answer

MongoDB. MongoDB is a NoSQL database because it stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents rather than in fixed relational tables. It is designed for scalability and high performance with unstructured or semi-structured data, and it does not require a predefined schema. This contrasts with the other options, which are all relational databases that use SQL and structured tables.

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Oracle Database

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MySQL

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PostgreSQL