FC0-U71 Data and Database Fundamentals Practice Test 2 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A company uses a cloud database service where the provider automatically handles backups, patching, and scaling. This deployment model is known as:

Accepted Answer

Database as a Service (DBaaS). Database as a Service (DBaaS) is a cloud service model where the provider manages the database infrastructure, including backups, patching, scaling, and high availability, while the customer focuses on data and queries. This matches the scenario where the provider automatically handles those operational tasks. DBaaS is a specialized form of PaaS focused on database engines.

Answer

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

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Software as a Service (SaaS)

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Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Question 2

Which SQL command is used to add a new row to a table?

Accepted Answer

INSERT INTO. INSERT INTO is the SQL command for adding new rows.

Answer

ADD

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CREATE

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UPDATE

Question 3

In a relational database, which type of relationship is typically implemented by creating a third table (junction table) that contains foreign keys from both related tables?

Accepted Answer

Many-to-many. A many-to-many relationship occurs when multiple records in one table relate to multiple records in another. Relational databases cannot directly implement this with a single foreign key, so a junction table (also called an associative or bridge table) is created. This third table contains foreign keys referencing the primary keys of both related tables, and each row represents a unique association between the two entities.

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Self-referencing

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One-to-one

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One-to-many

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of a NoSQL database compared to a relational database?

Accepted Answer

Supports flexible schema. NoSQL databases are characterized by a flexible schema, meaning they do not require a fixed table structure and can handle unstructured or semi-structured data. This allows for easy evolution of data models and rapid development. In contrast, relational databases enforce a strict schema and normalization.

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Requires normalized data

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Enforces strict schema definition

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Uses SQL for queries

Question 5

A database administrator needs to choose a database for an e-commerce application that requires high availability and automatic scaling. Which TWO options are cloud database services?

Accepted Answer

Google Cloud SQL. Google Cloud SQL (B) is a fully managed, cloud-hosted relational database service on Google Cloud Platform that supports MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server, making it a cloud database service suitable for high availability and scaling needs. Amazon RDS (E) is AWS's managed relational database service that automates provisioning, patching, backups, and Multi-AZ failover, directly matching the e-commerce requirement for high availability and automatic scaling. By contrast, SQLite (A) is an embedded, serverless file-based library, not a cloud service. Microsoft SQL Server Express (C) is a free on-premises edition of SQL Server with size and resource limits, and MySQL Community Edition (D) is a self-managed open-source database typically deployed on your own infrastructure, so neither is a managed cloud database service.

Answer

SQLite

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Microsoft SQL Server Express

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MySQL Community Edition

Question 6

A university database includes tables: 'Professors' (ProfessorID, Name, Department) and 'Courses' (CourseID, Title, ProfessorID). Which THREE statements about this design are correct?

Accepted Answer

The primary key of Professors is ProfessorID.. Option B is correct because ProfessorID uniquely identifies each row in the Professors table, making it the natural primary key. Option D is correct because Courses.ProfessorID stores the value of the Professors primary key, so it is a foreign key referencing Professors.ProfessorID, enforcing referential integrity between the two tables. Option E is correct because a single professor's ProfessorID can appear in many Courses rows, so one professor can be associated with multiple courses. Option A is wrong because CourseID belongs to the Courses table, not Professors. Option C is wrong because the design is one-to-many: each course has one ProfessorID, so it is not many-to-many.

Answer

The primary key of Professors is CourseID.

Answer

The relationship between Professors and Courses is many-to-many.

Question 7

Which TWO of the following are examples of NoSQL database types?

Accepted Answer

Document store. A document store (D) is a NoSQL database type that stores semi-structured data as JSON-like documents (e.g., MongoDB, CouchDB), allowing flexible, schema-less records. A key-value store (E) is also a NoSQL type that maps unique keys to values for fast lookups (e.g., Redis, DynamoDB), which is a core category of NoSQL databases. Spreadsheets (A) are productivity tools, not database types, and lack the querying and scaling characteristics of databases. A relational database (B) is the SQL model using tables, rows, and columns with fixed schemas, so it is not NoSQL. A flat file (C) is a simple file format for storing data, not a NoSQL database category.

Answer

Spreadsheet

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Relational database

Answer

Flat file

Question 8

A company needs to store customer orders and ensure that each order is uniquely identified. Which database concept should be used?

Accepted Answer

Primary key. A primary key is a column (or set of columns) that uniquely identifies each row in a table, which is exactly what is needed to ensure each customer order has a unique identifier. Primary keys enforce uniqueness and cannot contain NULL values, guaranteeing every order record is distinguishable.

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Constraint

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Index

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Foreign key

Question 9

A database designer wants to reduce data redundancy and avoid update anomalies. Which process should be applied?

Accepted Answer

Normalization. Normalization is the process of organizing database tables to minimize redundancy and eliminate update, insert, and delete anomalies by decomposing tables according to normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF). It systematically removes partial and transitive dependencies so that each fact is stored in exactly one place. This directly addresses the designer's goal of reducing redundancy and avoiding update anomalies.

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Denormalization

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Encryption

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Indexing

Question 10

A cloud database service is being considered for a startup to avoid hardware maintenance and allow automatic scaling. Which type of service is this?

Accepted Answer

Database as a Service (DBaaS). DBaaS (Database as a Service) is the correct answer because it specifically describes a managed cloud service where the provider handles database engine installation, patching, backups, replication, and scaling, while the customer simply consumes the database. The scenario explicitly mentions avoiding hardware maintenance and enabling automatic scaling of a database — the defining characteristics of DBaaS. DBaaS is a specialized subset of PaaS focused on database workloads.

Answer

Software as a Service (SaaS)

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Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

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Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Question 11

A user needs to retrieve all product names and prices from a table named 'Products' where the price is greater than 50. Which SQL statement should be used?

Accepted Answer

SELECT name, price FROM Products WHERE price > 50;. The correct SQL statement must select the columns 'name' and 'price' from the 'Products' table and filter rows where 'price' is greater than 50. Option A does exactly this with proper SELECT, FROM, and WHERE clauses. It retrieves only the required columns and applies the correct condition.

Answer

GET name, price FROM Products WHERE price > 50;

Answer

SELECT name, price FROM Products;

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SELECT * FROM Products WHERE price > 50;

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a NoSQL database?

Accepted Answer

It provides a flexible schema for unstructured data.. A NoSQL database is characterized by a flexible, schema-less or schema-optional data model that accommodates unstructured and semi-structured data such as JSON documents, key-value pairs, or graph relationships. This flexibility is the defining trait that distinguishes it from traditional relational databases.

Answer

It stores data in tables with rows and columns.

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It uses SQL for querying.

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It enforces strict referential integrity.

Question 13

An employee wants to add a new customer record to the 'Customers' table with columns 'ID', 'Name', and 'Email'. Which SQL statement should be used?

Accepted Answer

INSERT INTO Customers VALUES (1, 'John', 'john@example.com');. The correct SQL syntax to add a new row is INSERT INTO <table> VALUES (...). Option D uses INSERT INTO Customers VALUES (1, 'John', 'john@example.com');, which inserts a new record with values for all columns in order. This is the standard, valid statement for adding a customer record.

Answer

ADD INTO Customers VALUES (1, 'John', 'john@example.com');

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INSERT Customers VALUES (1, 'John', 'john@example.com');

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UPDATE Customers SET Name='John' WHERE ID=1;

Question 14

A database has a 'Students' table and an 'Enrollments' table. Which type of relationship exists if a student can enroll in multiple courses and each course can have multiple students?

Accepted Answer

Many-to-many. A many-to-many relationship exists when multiple records in one table are associated with multiple records in another table. Here, a student can enroll in multiple courses, and each course can have multiple students, which is the definition of many-to-many.

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Many-to-one

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One-to-many

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One-to-one

Question 15

Which of the following is a benefit of using a database instead of a flat file?

Accepted Answer

Support for concurrent multi-user access. Databases provide concurrent access control, allowing multiple users to read/write data simultaneously without corruption.

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Simpler setup and configuration

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Faster file transfer speeds

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Lower storage requirements