Software Development Concepts

A junior developer is tasked with fixing a bug where a variable is unexpectedly undefined. The developer suspects the variable is not within scope. Which programming concept describes where a variable can be accessed?

A development team is using version control for their project. They need to isolate a new feature from the main codebase until it is complete. Which version control operation should they perform?

A software application is experiencing performance degradation. The team suspects a memory leak. Which development practice should be used to identify the source of the leak?

A developer needs to store a list of employee names. Which data structure is most appropriate?

A web application is not responding to user input. The developer checks the code and finds an infinite loop. Which change will fix the infinite loop?

A team is developing a new feature using an Agile methodology. The product owner wants to see a working version of the feature after each iteration. Which practice best supports this request?

A developer needs to repeat a set of instructions exactly 10 times. Which programming construct should be used?

Which TWO of the following are examples of high-level programming languages? (Select TWO).

Which THREE of the following are characteristics of object-oriented programming (OOP)? (Select THREE).

Refer to the exhibit. A developer wrote this BASIC program. What will happen if the user presses Enter without typing a name?

Refer to the exhibit. A cloud engineer is reviewing a JSON configuration for an auto-scaling group. Currently, there are 3 instances and the CPU usage is 85%. What will happen next?

You are a junior developer at a small company that uses a monolithic web application written in Python. The application runs on a single server and uses a MySQL database. Recently, the application has become slow during peak hours. The operations team reports high CPU usage on the server. You suspect that the database queries are not optimized. You propose to refactor the application to use a caching layer. However, your manager is concerned about adding complexity and suggests that you first optimize the most frequently executed queries. You review the code and find that the most frequent query selects all columns from a large table without a WHERE clause. The table has over 1 million rows. Which course of action should you take?

Which TWO of the following are common characteristics of object-oriented programming languages?

A developer is troubleshooting an issue where a user can list the objects in an S3 bucket but cannot download any of them. Based on the exhibit, what is the most likely cause?

A small e-commerce company uses a monolithic web application hosted on a single server. During peak shopping hours, the server becomes overloaded, causing slow page loads and occasional timeouts. The development team wants to improve scalability and maintainability. They are considering breaking the application into smaller, independent services that can be developed, deployed, and scaled separately. Which approach should the team adopt?

Which TWO of the following are common characteristics of compiled programming languages?

A developer runs a SQL query against a database and receives the error shown. Which of the following actions should the developer take first to resolve the issue?

A small business uses a single Linux server to host a custom inventory management application written in Python. The application reads from a CSV file on the server to display current stock levels. Recently, users have reported that the inventory numbers are incorrect and sometimes the application crashes with a 'Permission denied' error when trying to save updates. The server has two user accounts: 'admin' (with sudo privileges) and 'app_user' (a standard user under which the application runs). The CSV file is located at /var/data/inventory.csv and currently has permissions -rw-rw---- and owner root:root. The application code uses the open() function to read and write the file. Which of the following actions should be taken to resolve the issue?

Drag and drop the steps to create a new folder on the desktop in Windows 10 into the correct order.

Drag and drop the steps to uninstall a program in Windows 10 into the correct order.

Match each storage type to its description.

Match each cloud service model to its description.

A developer writes a script to calculate the average of a list of numbers. The script uses a loop to sum the numbers and then divides by the count. Which programming concept does this represent?

A programmer needs to store a customer's name in a variable. Which data type is most appropriate?

A company is developing a mobile app and wants to ensure it works on both iOS and Android without writing separate codebases. Which approach should be used?

A developer is troubleshooting a program that produces unexpected results. The code includes a loop that repeats 10 times but the output shows only 9 values. Which debugging step should be taken first?

During a code review, a team notices that a function modifies a global variable instead of returning a value. Which software development principle is being violated?

A developer needs to store a list of student grades (integers) and be able to add and remove grades easily. Which data structure is most appropriate?

A software team uses version control and one developer commits a change that breaks the build. Which practice should be enforced to prevent this in the future?

A programmer is writing an if-else statement to check if a user is an admin. The code should set a variable 'accessLevel' to 'full' if admin, else 'restricted'. Which code snippet accomplishes this?

A developer notices that an application runs slowly when processing large files. Which optimization technique is most likely to improve performance?

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of object-oriented programming (OOP)?

Which TWO of the following are valid data types in most programming languages?

Which THREE of the following are common phases in the software development life cycle (SDLC)?

A developer is debugging a script that calculates the average of a list of numbers. The output is always incorrect. Which type of error is most likely the cause?

A junior developer needs to create a simple program that adds two numbers and displays the result. Which programming paradigm is most suitable for this task?

A developer accidentally committed a bug that broke the build. The team wants to undo the commit without losing the commit history. Which Git command should be used?

During the software development life cycle, which phase directly follows the coding phase?

A developer writes the following pseudocode: for i = 1 to 5, sum = sum + i. What does this code do?

A web application needs to send user registration data to a server. Which HTTP method should be used?

A programmer needs to store a true/false value. Which data type is most appropriate?

Which tool is commonly used for automated testing in software development?

Two developers have edited the same file and created different versions. To integrate their changes, which Git operation should they perform?

Which TWO are characteristics of object-oriented programming? (Choose two.)

Which THREE are phases of the software development life cycle? (Choose three.)

Which THREE are valid primitive data types in most programming languages? (Choose three.)

A developer sees the above output. After a recent commit, the application crashed due to a null pointer. Which commit likely introduced the null pointer issue?

An administrator reviews the above policy. What does it do?

A developer sees the above error message. What type of error is this?

A developer is creating a program that must respond to user actions such as button clicks and mouse movements. Which programming paradigm is most suitable?

Given the following pseudocode that calculates the average of a list of numbers, which error will occur? SET total = 0 SET count = 0 FOR EACH number IN list total = total + number count = count + 1 ENDFOR SET average = total / count OUTPUT average

A project has frequent requirement changes and the team needs to deliver working software in short cycles. Which software development methodology is most appropriate?

Which of the following correctly declares a variable to store a person's age in Python?

A program crashes with a 'division by zero' error. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Which coding best practice improves code readability and maintainability?

Consider the following algorithm: SET x = 5 SET y = 2 SET result = x ^ y OUTPUT result Assuming '^' is the exponentiation operator, what is the output?

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

A program needs to display a message based on a user's age. If age is 18 or over, it displays 'Adult'; otherwise, it displays 'Minor'. Which control structure should be used?

Which TWO of the following are primitive data types commonly used in programming?

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of object-oriented programming (OOP)?

Which THREE of the following are phases in the software development lifecycle (SDLC)?

Based on the exhibit, which commit introduced the password validation fix?

Based on the exhibit, what actions are permitted by this policy?

Based on the exhibit, what will be the last value output?

A junior developer is creating a script to generate reports for each of 10 departments. The script should run the report generation code exactly 10 times. Which control structure should be used?

A team is using version control for a software project. A developer accidentally committed a buggy change to the main branch. Which action should the team take to fix this while preserving the commit history?

A developer is testing a piece of code that calculates discounts. The code should give 10% off for orders over $100, and 5% off for orders between $50 and $100. Which test input set would best verify boundary conditions?

A programmer writes a script that automates the backup of files every night. Which type of programming paradigm is this script likely using?

A developer is designing a website and needs to choose a client-side scripting language. Which of the following are scripting languages? (Choose two.)

A software development team is adopting an Agile methodology. Which of the following are characteristics of Agile? (Choose three.)

A developer is debugging a program that is producing incorrect output. Which of the following are common debugging techniques? (Choose three.)

A small business owner wants to create a simple website to display business hours and contact information. The owner has no programming experience and needs to quickly update the content without learning code. A family member suggests using a content management system (CMS) like WordPress. Another suggests using a plain HTML file and editing it manually. The owner is concerned about both ease of use and security. Which solution best addresses the owner's needs while minimizing technical complexity?

A company's IT department is developing a new internal tool to track employee leave requests. The development team is using a waterfall model. After the requirements phase, they create a detailed design document. During implementation, a key stakeholder requests a new feature that requires a change to the database schema. The team is reluctant to accommodate the change because they have already started coding. Which approach should the team take to best handle this situation while adhering to the waterfall model?

A software developer is using an integrated development environment (IDE) to write a Python script that processes a CSV file containing customer data. The script uses a for loop to iterate over rows and calculates a total purchase amount. When the developer runs the script, it throws an error: "IndexError: list index out of range". The developer suspects the error occurs when the script tries to access a column that doesn't exist in some rows. Which debugging strategy should the developer use first to isolate the issue?

A junior developer is tasked with creating a function that checks whether a number is even or odd. The developer writes the following pseudocode: FUNCTION isEven(number) IF number % 2 == 0 THEN RETURN true ELSE RETURN false. The developer then realizes they need to handle non-integer input. Which of the following should the developer add to improve the robustness of this function?

A team of developers is collaborating on a mobile app using Git. One developer, Alice, is working on a new feature in a branch called "new-feature". Bob, another developer, has pushed several bug fixes to the main branch. Alice now wants to incorporate Bob's bug fixes into her feature branch. Which sequence of Git commands should Alice use to achieve this with minimal disruption?

A web application uses a JavaScript function to validate user input on a registration form. The function checks that the password is at least 8 characters long and contains a number. When a user submits the form with a password "abc123", the validation passes even though the password has only 6 characters. The developer examines the code and finds that the function uses the condition: if (password.length >= 8 || /\d/.test(password)). Which logical error is causing this bug?

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of the Agile software development methodology?

What is the output of the pseudocode in the exhibit?

A software team is developing a mobile payment application using the waterfall model. They have completed the requirements, design, and implementation phases. During system testing, testers discover that the app crashes when processing transactions over $10,000. Further investigation reveals that the design specification for the transaction module did not account for large amounts, causing an overflow error. The project manager holds a meeting to decide the next steps. The team estimates that fixing the issue will require redesigning the transaction module, updating the code, and retesting, which will add two weeks to the schedule. The client's contract includes a penalty for late delivery but also a clause requiring the software to be free of critical defects. The team has already used most of the contingency time. What is the BEST course of action?