Vulnerability Analysis and System Hacking

A penetration tester discovers that a target Windows system has port 445 open and responds to SMB requests. Which tool should the tester use to enumerate users, shares, and OS information from this system?

During a penetration test, a tester gains access to a Linux system and needs to escalate privileges. The tester finds that the user has sudo privileges to run /usr/bin/less as root without a password. Which technique should the tester use to escalate privileges?

A security analyst runs a vulnerability scan and finds that a server is vulnerable to CVE-2021-44228 (Log4j). Which of the following is the best immediate remediation step?

An ethical hacker is testing a web application that uses cookies for session management. The tester notices that the session cookie does not have the HttpOnly or Secure flags set. Which attack is most likely to succeed due to this misconfiguration?

Which THREE of the following are common indicators of a buffer overflow vulnerability?

You are a penetration tester hired by a medium-sized financial company. The company has a network consisting of 50 Windows workstations (Windows 10 Pro) and 5 Windows Server 2019 servers (domain controller, file server, web server, database server, and mail server). The network is segmented into three VLANs: User VLAN (192.168.1.0/24), Server VLAN (192.168.2.0/24), and DMZ (192.168.3.0/24). The web server is in the DMZ and hosts a public-facing e-commerce application built on ASP.NET with a SQL Server backend. The database server is in the Server VLAN and is not directly accessible from the internet. You are given a standard user account on a workstation in the User VLAN. After initial reconnaissance, you discover that the web server is running an outdated version of IIS (7.5) and is vulnerable to a known privilege escalation vulnerability (CVE-2020-0613) that allows local privilege escalation if an attacker has already gained initial access. You also find that the web application has a SQL injection vulnerability in the login page. You successfully exploit the SQL injection to extract the password hash of the web application's service account, which is 'web_svc'. You crack the hash offline and obtain the plaintext password. The 'web_svc' account has local administrative privileges on the web server. Using these credentials, you authenticate to the web server via RDP. From there, you want to pivot to the database server to extract credit card information stored in the database. The database server only allows connections from the web server on port 1433 (SQL Server). Using the 'web_svc' account, you are able to connect to the database server using SQL Server Management Studio. However, you find that the 'web_svc' account has only 'public' and 'guest' database roles, which do not allow reading any sensitive tables. You need to escalate privileges on the database server. What is the most effective next step?

A penetration tester is analyzing a Windows 10 system and runs the following command to dump password hashes from the SAM database. The output shows hashes for local users but some are missing. Which step is most likely missing?

Which TWO vulnerabilities are associated with buffer overflow attacks?

Drag and drop the steps to configure a firewall rule in iptables to block incoming SSH traffic into the correct order.

Match each type of attack to its description.

Refer to the exhibit. An analyst runs netstat on a Windows server and observes multiple established connections to port 3389 from internal IPs. Which attack is most likely occurring?

Refer to the exhibit. A penetration tester runs hashcat to crack NTLM hashes. Which hash mode (-m) would be correct for NTLM?

Refer to the exhibit. A security analyst checks for missing patches. Which vulnerability is this system likely exposed to?

Refer to the exhibit. During a penetration test, the results show port 80 as 'filtered'. Which of the following is the most likely reason?