DA0-001 Data Concepts and Environments — All Questions With Answers

Question 1easymultiple choice

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Which of the following data types is characterized by a flexible schema and is commonly represented using JSON or XML?

Question 2easymultiple choice

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An organization needs to store raw data from IoT sensors in its native format for future analysis. Which storage solution is best suited for this purpose?

Question 3mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to combine rows from two tables based on a related column, but only wants rows that have matching values in both tables. Which join type should the analyst use?

Question 4mediummultiple choice

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A company is ingesting data from multiple sources into a cloud data warehouse. They decide to load the data raw and then perform transformations within the warehouse. Which approach does this describe?

Question 5mediummultiple choice

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A database administrator wants to ensure that every value in a column matches values in a primary key column of another table. Which constraint enforces this rule?

Question 6hardmultiple choice

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An analyst is reviewing a table that stores customer orders. The table contains columns: OrderID, CustomerName, Product1, Product1Qty, Product2, Product2Qty. This design violates which normal form?

Question 7hardmultiple choice

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A data engineer is designing a system to handle high-velocity clickstream data from a website. The system must allow low-latency writes and support key-value lookups. Which type of database is most appropriate?

Question 8easymultiple choice

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Which of the following best describes a data mart?

Question 9mediummultiple choice

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A company wants to share a dataset with external partners via an API. Which API type is typically used for web services and uses XML or JSON for messaging?

Question 10hardmultiple choice

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A database has a table 'Orders' with columns OrderID (PK), CustomerID, OrderDate, and a table 'OrderDetails' with OrderID (FK), ProductID, Quantity. To ensure that every OrderID in OrderDetails exists in Orders, which integrity constraint is enforced?

Question 11mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to extract data from a transactional database and load it into a data warehouse for reporting. Which process typically transforms the data before loading it into the warehouse?

Question 12easymultiple choice

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Which of the following is an example of unstructured data?

Question 13mediummulti select

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A data governance team is defining roles and responsibilities for data management. Which TWO of the following are common data governance roles? (Select TWO).

Question 14hardmulti select

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A company is designing a data pipeline to process streaming data from social media feeds. Which THREE of the following are characteristics of streaming data? (Select THREE).

Question 15mediummulti select

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A database designer wants to improve query performance on a large table that is frequently filtered by multiple columns. Which TWO types of indexes could be beneficial? (Select TWO).

Question 16easymultiple choice

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Which of the following data types best describes a JSON file containing customer orders with varying fields per record?

Question 17mediummultiple choice

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A company needs to store raw data from IoT sensors for future machine learning projects. The data is expected to be massive and in various formats. Which storage solution is most appropriate?

Question 18mediummultiple choice

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An OLTP system processes thousands of transactions per second. Which property ensures that a transaction is fully completed or fully rolled back, preventing partial updates?

Question 19hardmultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to combine customer data from two tables: Customers (CustomerID, Name) and Orders (OrderID, CustomerID, Amount). Only customers who have placed at least one order should be included. Which JOIN type should be used?

Question 20mediummultiple choice

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A company uses a data warehouse for reporting. They need to extract data from multiple sources, load it into a staging area, and then transform it before moving to the warehouse. This process is known as:

Question 21easymultiple choice

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Which of the following is a characteristic of a NoSQL document database like MongoDB?

Question 22mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst wants to retrieve data from a REST API that returns JSON. Which step is part of the data lifecycle for this activity?

Question 23hardmultiple choice

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A database has a table that violates 2NF because it contains a composite primary key and some attributes depend only on part of that key. Which normal form would be violated next if the table is not addressed?

Question 24easymultiple choice

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Which of the following data sources is most likely to generate streaming data?

Question 25mediummultiple choice

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A table named Orders has columns OrderID, CustomerID, OrderDate, and TotalAmount. Which column should be the primary key to uniquely identify each order?

Question 26hardmultiple choice

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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline where raw data is loaded into a cloud data warehouse (Snowflake) and then transformed using SQL. This approach is called:

Question 27mediummultiple choice

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Which database concept ensures that data in one table corresponds to data in another table, preventing orphan records?

Question 28mediummulti select

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A company needs to store data that is highly interconnected, such as social network relationships. Which two database types are best suited for this? (Select TWO.)

Question 29hardmulti select

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A data governance team is establishing policies. Which three activities are part of data governance? (Select THREE.)

Question 30hardmulti select

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An organization uses a data warehouse for analytics. Which two characteristics are typical of a data warehouse compared to a data lake? (Select TWO.)

Question 31mediummultiple choice

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A retail company wants to analyze customer purchase patterns over time. The data is stored in a relational database with tables for Customers, Orders, and Products. Which database concept should be used to ensure that each order references a valid customer?

Question 32easymultiple choice

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A data engineer needs to extract data from a REST API and load it into a data warehouse. The data is received in JSON format. Which data type best describes JSON?

Question 33mediummultiple choice

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A company is building a data pipeline to ingest sensor data from IoT devices. The data arrives continuously in small batches and must be processed in real-time for monitoring. Which type of data source best describes this scenario?

Question 34hardmultiple choice

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A data analyst is working with a relational database that contains a table of customer orders. To optimize query performance for a report that filters by order date and customer ID, the analyst wants to create an index. Which type of index would be most effective for queries that filter on both columns?

Question 35mediummultiple choice

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An organization uses a data warehouse for analytics. The data team wants to load data from source systems into the warehouse. They choose to load raw data first and then perform transformations within the warehouse. Which approach are they using?

Question 36easymultiple choice

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A company is designing a database for an e-commerce application that requires high transaction throughput and must guarantee that each transaction is processed atomically. Which property of ACID ensures that a transaction is either fully completed or not executed at all?

Question 37mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to combine data from two tables: one containing customer information and another containing order details. The analyst wants to include all customers, even those who have not placed any orders. Which type of join should be used?

Question 38hardmultiple choice

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A data governance team is establishing policies to ensure data quality. They define rules for data accuracy, completeness, and consistency. Which data governance function is primarily responsible for defining and enforcing these rules?

Question 39easymultiple choice

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A data architect needs to store raw data from various sources, including social media feeds and log files, for future analysis. The data may be used for machine learning and ad-hoc queries. Which storage solution is most appropriate for storing raw data in its native format?

Question 40mediummultiple choice

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A database administrator is designing a normalized database to reduce data redundancy. They have a table with columns: OrderID, ProductID, ProductName, and Quantity. The table is currently in 1NF. To move to 2NF, which issue must be resolved?

Question 41hardmultiple choice

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A company uses a NoSQL document database to store product catalogs. Each product document includes fields like product_id, name, category, and price. The operations team frequently queries by product_id and by category. Which type of NoSQL database is being used, and what should be created to optimize queries by category?

Question 42mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to share a weekly sales report with the marketing team. The report includes aggregated data from the data warehouse. To simplify access, the analyst creates a virtual table that encapsulates the complex query. Which database object should the analyst create?

Question 43mediummulti select

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A data analyst is extracting data from a web page using web scraping techniques. The data will be used for market research. Which TWO of the following are common challenges associated with web scraping?

Question 44hardmulti select

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A data warehouse team is considering moving from an ETL to an ELT approach. Which THREE of the following are advantages of ELT over ETL?

Question 45easymulti select

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A data analyst is working with a dataset that includes customer names, email addresses, and purchase history. The analyst wants to ensure that each customer is uniquely identified. Which TWO database concepts should be used to enforce uniqueness and link related data?

Question 46mediummultiple choice

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A large online retailer stores customer orders in a PostgreSQL database. Each order has a unique order ID, and the database is normalized to 3NF. Which type of data is this?

Question 47easymultiple choice

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A data analyst receives a file with the extension .json. This file contains product information with attributes that vary between records. How should this file be classified?

Question 48mediummultiple choice

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A company uses an OLTP system for processing customer transactions. Which characteristic is most important for this system to ensure that each transaction is processed reliably, even if multiple users access the system simultaneously?

Question 49hardmultiple choice

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A data engineer is designing a system to store raw sensor data from thousands of IoT devices. The data will be used later for various analytics projects, but the schema is not yet defined. Which storage solution is most appropriate?

Question 50mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to combine customer information from a CRM table and order information from an orders table, returning only customers who have placed at least one order. Which type of join should the analyst use?

Question 51mediummultiple choice

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A company has a large data warehouse running on Snowflake. They receive daily CSV files from multiple sources and load them directly into the warehouse, then run SQL transformations to clean and aggregate the data. Which data integration approach does this describe?

Question 52easymultiple choice

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Which database index type is most commonly used for exact-match lookups and range queries in a B-tree structure?

Question 53mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to retrieve current weather data from a third-party service. The service provides an endpoint that returns data in JSON format over HTTP. Which data source type is being used?

Question 54hardmultiple choice

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A DBA wants to improve query performance on a large table that is frequently filtered on two columns: department_id and hire_date. The table has millions of rows. Which index strategy would be most effective?

Question 55easymultiple choice

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Which stage of the data lifecycle involves converting raw data into a usable format, such as cleaning or validating?

Question 56mediummultiple choice

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A data governance team is implementing a program to ensure consistent definitions and quality of customer data across the organization. They assign a senior manager to be accountable for the data asset. Which role does this manager fulfill?

Question 57hardmultiple choice

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A company needs to store user session data for a web application. Each session has a unique session ID, and the data must be retrieved very quickly by session ID. The data does not require complex relationships or transactions. Which type of NoSQL database is most appropriate?

Question 58mediummulti select

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A data analyst is performing a join between two tables: 'employees' and 'departments'. The 'employees' table has a foreign key 'dept_id' referencing the 'departments' table. Which two join types would include all rows from the 'employees' table, regardless of whether there is a matching department? (Select TWO)

Question 59hardmulti select

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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline for a retail company. The source system is an OLTP database that records sales transactions. The target is a data warehouse used for reporting. The engineer is evaluating whether to use ETL or ELT. Which three factors would favor using ELT over ETL? (Select THREE)

Question 60mediummulti select

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A university database stores student information in a normalized schema. The 'students' table has a primary key 'student_id'. The 'enrollments' table has a foreign key 'student_id' referencing 'students'. Which two of the following are true about primary and foreign keys? (Select TWO)

Question 61easymultiple choice

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Which of the following is a characteristic of structured data?

Question 62mediummultiple choice

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A company ingests customer clickstream data from its website. The data arrives continuously in JSON format and must be stored for real-time analytics. Which type of data source is being described?

Question 63hardmultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to combine customer data from a MySQL transactional database with product data from a MongoDB document store to create a unified view for reporting. The analyst uses a SQL query that joins the tables after extracting data from both sources. Which database concept is being applied?

Question 64mediummultiple choice

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An organization is implementing a data warehouse to support business intelligence reporting. The data warehouse must ensure that transactions are processed reliably. Which property guarantees that each transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit?

Question 65easymultiple choice

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Which of the following is an example of semi-structured data?

Question 66mediummultiple choice

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A data engineer is designing a system to store raw sensor data from thousands of IoT devices. The data is expected to be used for exploratory analytics and machine learning. Which storage solution is most appropriate?

Question 67hardmultiple choice

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In the data lifecycle, which phase involves converting raw data into a usable format for analysis?

Question 68easymulti select

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Which TWO of the following are characteristics of OLTP systems? (Select 2)

Question 69mediummulti select

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Which TWO of the following are examples of unstructured data? (Select 2)

Question 70hardmulti select

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A company is migrating its data pipeline from on-premises to the cloud. The current ETL process transforms data before loading into a data warehouse. The new architecture will use ELT instead. Which THREE of the following are advantages of ELT over traditional ETL? (Select 3)

Question 71mediummulti select

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Which TWO of the following are benefits of database normalization to 3NF? (Select 2)

Question 72mediummulti select

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A data governance team is establishing policies for data quality. Which THREE of the following are common dimensions of data quality? (Select 3)

Question 73hardmulti select

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A data analyst is designing a database for a retail application. Which TWO of the following are valid reasons to use a NoSQL document database like MongoDB instead of a relational database? (Select 2)

Question 74mediummulti select

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Which THREE of the following are components of Master Data Management (MDM)? (Select 3)

Question 1easymultiple choice

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Which of the following data types is characterized by a flexible schema and is commonly represented using JSON or XML?

Question 2easymultiple choice

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An organization needs to store raw data from IoT sensors in its native format for future analysis. Which storage solution is best suited for this purpose?

Question 3mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to combine rows from two tables based on a related column, but only wants rows that have matching values in both tables. Which join type should the analyst use?

Question 4mediummultiple choice

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A company is ingesting data from multiple sources into a cloud data warehouse. They decide to load the data raw and then perform transformations within the warehouse. Which approach does this describe?

Question 5mediummultiple choice

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A database administrator wants to ensure that every value in a column matches values in a primary key column of another table. Which constraint enforces this rule?

Question 6hardmultiple choice

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An analyst is reviewing a table that stores customer orders. The table contains columns: OrderID, CustomerName, Product1, Product1Qty, Product2, Product2Qty. This design violates which normal form?

Question 7hardmultiple choice

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A data engineer is designing a system to handle high-velocity clickstream data from a website. The system must allow low-latency writes and support key-value lookups. Which type of database is most appropriate?

Question 8easymultiple choice

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Which of the following best describes a data mart?

Question 9mediummultiple choice

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A company wants to share a dataset with external partners via an API. Which API type is typically used for web services and uses XML or JSON for messaging?

Question 10hardmultiple choice

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A database has a table 'Orders' with columns OrderID (PK), CustomerID, OrderDate, and a table 'OrderDetails' with OrderID (FK), ProductID, Quantity. To ensure that every OrderID in OrderDetails exists in Orders, which integrity constraint is enforced?

Question 11mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to extract data from a transactional database and load it into a data warehouse for reporting. Which process typically transforms the data before loading it into the warehouse?

Question 12easymultiple choice

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Which of the following is an example of unstructured data?

Question 13mediummulti select

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A data governance team is defining roles and responsibilities for data management. Which TWO of the following are common data governance roles? (Select TWO).

Question 14hardmulti select

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A company is designing a data pipeline to process streaming data from social media feeds. Which THREE of the following are characteristics of streaming data? (Select THREE).

Question 15mediummulti select

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A database designer wants to improve query performance on a large table that is frequently filtered by multiple columns. Which TWO types of indexes could be beneficial? (Select TWO).

Question 16easymultiple choice

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Which of the following data types best describes a JSON file containing customer orders with varying fields per record?

Question 17mediummultiple choice

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A company needs to store raw data from IoT sensors for future machine learning projects. The data is expected to be massive and in various formats. Which storage solution is most appropriate?

Question 18mediummultiple choice

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An OLTP system processes thousands of transactions per second. Which property ensures that a transaction is fully completed or fully rolled back, preventing partial updates?

Question 19hardmultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to combine customer data from two tables: Customers (CustomerID, Name) and Orders (OrderID, CustomerID, Amount). Only customers who have placed at least one order should be included. Which JOIN type should be used?

Question 20mediummultiple choice

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A company uses a data warehouse for reporting. They need to extract data from multiple sources, load it into a staging area, and then transform it before moving to the warehouse. This process is known as:

Question 21easymultiple choice

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Which of the following is a characteristic of a NoSQL document database like MongoDB?

Question 22mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst wants to retrieve data from a REST API that returns JSON. Which step is part of the data lifecycle for this activity?

Question 23hardmultiple choice

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A database has a table that violates 2NF because it contains a composite primary key and some attributes depend only on part of that key. Which normal form would be violated next if the table is not addressed?

Question 24easymultiple choice

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Which of the following data sources is most likely to generate streaming data?

Question 25mediummultiple choice

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A table named Orders has columns OrderID, CustomerID, OrderDate, and TotalAmount. Which column should be the primary key to uniquely identify each order?

Question 26hardmultiple choice

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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline where raw data is loaded into a cloud data warehouse (Snowflake) and then transformed using SQL. This approach is called:

Question 27mediummultiple choice

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Which database concept ensures that data in one table corresponds to data in another table, preventing orphan records?

Question 28mediummulti select

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A company needs to store data that is highly interconnected, such as social network relationships. Which two database types are best suited for this? (Select TWO.)

Question 29hardmulti select

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A data governance team is establishing policies. Which three activities are part of data governance? (Select THREE.)

Question 30hardmulti select

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An organization uses a data warehouse for analytics. Which two characteristics are typical of a data warehouse compared to a data lake? (Select TWO.)

Question 31mediummultiple choice

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A retail company wants to analyze customer purchase patterns over time. The data is stored in a relational database with tables for Customers, Orders, and Products. Which database concept should be used to ensure that each order references a valid customer?

Question 32easymultiple choice

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A data engineer needs to extract data from a REST API and load it into a data warehouse. The data is received in JSON format. Which data type best describes JSON?

Question 33mediummultiple choice

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A company is building a data pipeline to ingest sensor data from IoT devices. The data arrives continuously in small batches and must be processed in real-time for monitoring. Which type of data source best describes this scenario?

Question 34hardmultiple choice

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A data analyst is working with a relational database that contains a table of customer orders. To optimize query performance for a report that filters by order date and customer ID, the analyst wants to create an index. Which type of index would be most effective for queries that filter on both columns?

Question 35mediummultiple choice

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An organization uses a data warehouse for analytics. The data team wants to load data from source systems into the warehouse. They choose to load raw data first and then perform transformations within the warehouse. Which approach are they using?

Question 36easymultiple choice

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A company is designing a database for an e-commerce application that requires high transaction throughput and must guarantee that each transaction is processed atomically. Which property of ACID ensures that a transaction is either fully completed or not executed at all?

Question 37mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to combine data from two tables: one containing customer information and another containing order details. The analyst wants to include all customers, even those who have not placed any orders. Which type of join should be used?

Question 38hardmultiple choice

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A data governance team is establishing policies to ensure data quality. They define rules for data accuracy, completeness, and consistency. Which data governance function is primarily responsible for defining and enforcing these rules?

Question 39easymultiple choice

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A data architect needs to store raw data from various sources, including social media feeds and log files, for future analysis. The data may be used for machine learning and ad-hoc queries. Which storage solution is most appropriate for storing raw data in its native format?

Question 40mediummultiple choice

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A database administrator is designing a normalized database to reduce data redundancy. They have a table with columns: OrderID, ProductID, ProductName, and Quantity. The table is currently in 1NF. To move to 2NF, which issue must be resolved?

Question 41hardmultiple choice

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A company uses a NoSQL document database to store product catalogs. Each product document includes fields like product_id, name, category, and price. The operations team frequently queries by product_id and by category. Which type of NoSQL database is being used, and what should be created to optimize queries by category?

Question 42mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to share a weekly sales report with the marketing team. The report includes aggregated data from the data warehouse. To simplify access, the analyst creates a virtual table that encapsulates the complex query. Which database object should the analyst create?

Question 43mediummulti select

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A data analyst is extracting data from a web page using web scraping techniques. The data will be used for market research. Which TWO of the following are common challenges associated with web scraping?

Question 44hardmulti select

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A data warehouse team is considering moving from an ETL to an ELT approach. Which THREE of the following are advantages of ELT over ETL?

Question 45easymulti select

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A data analyst is working with a dataset that includes customer names, email addresses, and purchase history. The analyst wants to ensure that each customer is uniquely identified. Which TWO database concepts should be used to enforce uniqueness and link related data?

Question 46mediummultiple choice

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A large online retailer stores customer orders in a PostgreSQL database. Each order has a unique order ID, and the database is normalized to 3NF. Which type of data is this?

Question 47easymultiple choice

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A data analyst receives a file with the extension .json. This file contains product information with attributes that vary between records. How should this file be classified?

Question 48mediummultiple choice

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A company uses an OLTP system for processing customer transactions. Which characteristic is most important for this system to ensure that each transaction is processed reliably, even if multiple users access the system simultaneously?

Question 49hardmultiple choice

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A data engineer is designing a system to store raw sensor data from thousands of IoT devices. The data will be used later for various analytics projects, but the schema is not yet defined. Which storage solution is most appropriate?

Question 50mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to combine customer information from a CRM table and order information from an orders table, returning only customers who have placed at least one order. Which type of join should the analyst use?

Question 51mediummultiple choice

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A company has a large data warehouse running on Snowflake. They receive daily CSV files from multiple sources and load them directly into the warehouse, then run SQL transformations to clean and aggregate the data. Which data integration approach does this describe?

Question 52easymultiple choice

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Which database index type is most commonly used for exact-match lookups and range queries in a B-tree structure?

Question 53mediummultiple choice

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A data analyst needs to retrieve current weather data from a third-party service. The service provides an endpoint that returns data in JSON format over HTTP. Which data source type is being used?

Question 54hardmultiple choice

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A DBA wants to improve query performance on a large table that is frequently filtered on two columns: department_id and hire_date. The table has millions of rows. Which index strategy would be most effective?

Question 55easymultiple choice

Read the full Data Concepts and Environments explanation →

Which stage of the data lifecycle involves converting raw data into a usable format, such as cleaning or validating?

Question 56mediummultiple choice

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A data governance team is implementing a program to ensure consistent definitions and quality of customer data across the organization. They assign a senior manager to be accountable for the data asset. Which role does this manager fulfill?

Question 57hardmultiple choice

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A company needs to store user session data for a web application. Each session has a unique session ID, and the data must be retrieved very quickly by session ID. The data does not require complex relationships or transactions. Which type of NoSQL database is most appropriate?

Question 58mediummulti select

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A data analyst is performing a join between two tables: 'employees' and 'departments'. The 'employees' table has a foreign key 'dept_id' referencing the 'departments' table. Which two join types would include all rows from the 'employees' table, regardless of whether there is a matching department? (Select TWO)

Question 59hardmulti select

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A data engineer is designing a data pipeline for a retail company. The source system is an OLTP database that records sales transactions. The target is a data warehouse used for reporting. The engineer is evaluating whether to use ETL or ELT. Which three factors would favor using ELT over ETL? (Select THREE)

Question 60mediummulti select

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A university database stores student information in a normalized schema. The 'students' table has a primary key 'student_id'. The 'enrollments' table has a foreign key 'student_id' referencing 'students'. Which two of the following are true about primary and foreign keys? (Select TWO)

Question 61easymultiple choice

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Which of the following is a characteristic of structured data?

Question 62mediummultiple choice

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A company ingests customer clickstream data from its website. The data arrives continuously in JSON format and must be stored for real-time analytics. Which type of data source is being described?

Question 63hardmultiple choice

Read the full Data Concepts and Environments explanation →

A data analyst needs to combine customer data from a MySQL transactional database with product data from a MongoDB document store to create a unified view for reporting. The analyst uses a SQL query that joins the tables after extracting data from both sources. Which database concept is being applied?

Question 64mediummultiple choice

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An organization is implementing a data warehouse to support business intelligence reporting. The data warehouse must ensure that transactions are processed reliably. Which property guarantees that each transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit?

Question 65easymultiple choice

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Which of the following is an example of semi-structured data?

Question 66mediummultiple choice

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A data engineer is designing a system to store raw sensor data from thousands of IoT devices. The data is expected to be used for exploratory analytics and machine learning. Which storage solution is most appropriate?

Question 67hardmultiple choice

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In the data lifecycle, which phase involves converting raw data into a usable format for analysis?

Question 68easymulti select

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Which TWO of the following are characteristics of OLTP systems? (Select 2)

Question 69mediummulti select

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Which TWO of the following are examples of unstructured data? (Select 2)

Question 70hardmulti select

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A company is migrating its data pipeline from on-premises to the cloud. The current ETL process transforms data before loading into a data warehouse. The new architecture will use ELT instead. Which THREE of the following are advantages of ELT over traditional ETL? (Select 3)

Question 71mediummulti select

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Which TWO of the following are benefits of database normalization to 3NF? (Select 2)

Question 72mediummulti select

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A data governance team is establishing policies for data quality. Which THREE of the following are common dimensions of data quality? (Select 3)

Question 73hardmulti select

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A data analyst is designing a database for a retail application. Which TWO of the following are valid reasons to use a NoSQL document database like MongoDB instead of a relational database? (Select 2)

Question 74mediummulti select

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