Cloud Native Application Delivery

A startup wants to minimize downtime during application updates in Kubernetes. Which deployment strategy should they use?

A DevOps engineer notices that after a Helm upgrade, the new pods are crash looping with 'ImagePullBackOff'. What is the most likely cause?

A team wants to implement GitOps for their Kubernetes workloads using Argo CD. They have multiple environments (dev, staging, prod) in separate clusters. What is the best practice for structuring the Git repository?

Which TWO of the following are benefits of using Helm for application delivery?

Which THREE of the following practices are essential for a secure cloud native CI/CD pipeline?

A team is deploying a new microservice that processes sensitive user data. They want to ensure that secrets such as database passwords are not exposed in the container image or environment variables. Which approach should they use?

A company is adopting a GitOps workflow for their Kubernetes deployments. They want to ensure that the cluster state always matches the desired state defined in a Git repository. Which tool is specifically designed for this purpose?

A microservice application is experiencing high latency during traffic spikes. The team identifies that the database connection pool is exhausted. They want to implement a pattern that helps decouple the microservice from direct database connections and smooth out traffic bursts. Which design pattern should they apply?

Which TWO statements are true about Kubernetes Deployments?

A team is deploying a microservice application on Kubernetes. They want to ensure that during rolling updates, the new version of the service receives traffic only after the readiness probe succeeds. However, they observe that the old pods are terminated before the new pods are ready, causing a brief downtime. Which configuration change should they make to the Deployment to prevent this?

A DevOps team uses Helm to manage Kubernetes applications. They want to ensure that sensitive data (e.g., database passwords) is not stored in plaintext in the Helm chart or in the cluster's ConfigMaps/Secrets. Which TWO practices should they adopt? (Choose two.)

Drag and drop the steps to create a Kubernetes deployment using kubectl into the correct order.

Drag and drop the steps to troubleshoot a Pod stuck in CrashLoopBackOff into the correct order.

Drag and drop the steps to create a ConfigMap from a file in Kubernetes into the correct order.

Drag and drop the steps to scale a Kubernetes Deployment horizontally into the correct order.

Match each Kubernetes storage concept to its description.

A development team wants to implement GitOps for their Kubernetes deployments using ArgoCD. Which ArgoCD component is responsible for monitoring the Git repository for changes and syncing the desired state to the cluster?

What is the primary purpose of a container registry in the CI/CD pipeline?

A team wants to implement a canary deployment strategy for their Kubernetes application. Which tool is specifically designed for progressive delivery and can be used to automate canary rollouts?

Which DORA metric measures the percentage of deployments that cause a failure in production?

An organization uses Flux with Kustomize to manage their Kubernetes applications. They want to automatically update their deployment when a new container image is pushed to the registry. Which Flux component should they use?

In Kustomize, what is the purpose of an overlay?

A CI/CD pipeline includes image scanning. What is the primary security benefit of scanning container images in the CI phase?

What is the primary advantage of using Helm to package a Kubernetes application?

A team uses ArgoCD with a Git repository that contains Helm charts. They want ArgoCD to automatically sync when a new image tag is pushed to the container registry. Which approach should they use?

In a CI/CD pipeline, what is the difference between continuous delivery and continuous deployment?

Which TWO of the following are capabilities of ArgoCD? (Choose two.)

Which THREE of the following are features of Helm that facilitate release management? (Choose three.)

Which TWO of the following are deployment patterns that can be used to update applications with minimal downtime? (Choose two.)

What is the primary purpose of a continuous integration (CI) pipeline in cloud native application delivery?

In GitOps with ArgoCD, what happens when the desired state in Git differs from the live state in the cluster?

A team uses Flux with the Source Controller and Kustomize Controller. They update a YAML file in Git to change a Deployment's replica count. What describes the synchronization flow?

What is Helm's role in Kubernetes?

During a canary deployment using Argo Rollouts, how does the tool determine the success of the canary before promoting it?

When using Kustomize, how do you apply a common label to all resources in the base?

Which deployment strategy updates pods incrementally, replacing old pods with new ones while ensuring availability?

A container image is being pushed to a private registry. What is the correct workflow?

In a CI pipeline, image scanning is integrated to detect vulnerabilities. What is the best practice when a critical vulnerability is found in a base image?

Which DORA metric measures how quickly code changes are deployed to production?

What is the purpose of values.yaml in a Helm chart?

Which THREE are common features of progressive delivery?

Which TWO actions can improve the DORA metric 'Mean Time to Recovery (MTTR)'?

What is the primary purpose of a container registry in a CI/CD pipeline?

In GitOps with ArgoCD, what does 'self-healing' refer to?

Which Helm command is used to upgrade a release to a newer version of a chart?

A DevOps team wants to adopt a deployment pattern where a new version of an application is gradually rolled out to a small subset of users before full deployment. Which progressive delivery technique should they use?

In Flux CD, which component is responsible for reconciling the cluster state with the source of truth defined in a Git repository?

A CI pipeline scans container images for vulnerabilities. The scan report shows a critical vulnerability in a base image layer. What is the most efficient way to remediate this issue?

A Kubernetes Deployment is configured with 'strategy.type: RollingUpdate'. The team wants to ensure that during an update, no more than 25% of pods are unavailable at any time. Which specification should be added?

In a GitOps workflow, a team uses ArgoCD. A developer manually changes a Deployment's replica count in the cluster via kubectl. ArgoCD has self-healing enabled. What will happen?

Which TWO of the following are benefits of using Helm for managing Kubernetes applications?

Which TWO statements about GitOps are correct?

What is the primary purpose of continuous integration (CI) in a cloud-native application delivery pipeline?

A DevOps team wants to implement GitOps for their Kubernetes cluster. Which tool is specifically designed for Kubernetes GitOps and can automatically sync the cluster state with a Git repository?

In a Helm chart, which file is used to define default configuration values that can be overridden by users during installation?

A team is using Kustomize to manage configurations for different environments. They want to create a variant of a base deployment that uses a different number of replicas. Which Kustomize feature should they use?

Which deployment strategy is characterized by gradually shifting traffic from an old version to a new version of an application, often requiring a service mesh or ingress controller to manage traffic splitting?

What is the purpose of container image scanning in a CI/CD pipeline?

According to DORA metrics, which metric measures the percentage of deployments that fail in production?

Which command is used to rollback a Helm release to a previous revision?

In a blue-green deployment strategy, at any given time, only one environment (blue or green) is active. What is the primary advantage of this approach?

A team wants to use feature flags to control the rollout of a new feature in a Kubernetes-deployed microservice. Which tool is specifically designed for managing feature flags in cloud-native applications?

Which TWO statements are true about Kustomize? (Choose 2)

Which THREE are examples of DORA metrics used to measure DevOps performance? (Choose 3)

Which of the following are core components of the Flux GitOps toolkit?

A team uses Helm to manage their Kubernetes applications. They need to upgrade a release and want to reuse the values from the previous release while overriding a specific value. Which helm command should they use?

A Kubernetes cluster runs a critical application that must be updated with zero downtime. The team wants to gradually shift traffic from the old version to the new version over a period of time. Which deployment pattern is MOST appropriate?

In the context of DORA metrics, which metric measures how often an organization successfully releases to production?

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of Kustomize?

Which THREE of the following are DORA metrics?

Which TWO of the following are benefits of implementing progressive delivery techniques (e.g., canary releases)?

Which THREE of the following are important security practices in a container image CI/CD pipeline?

A team manages a multi-service application with Helm. Each service has its own ConfigMap, Deployment, and Service. The manifests for all services are almost identical except for the image tag and service name. They want to create a single reusable Helm chart that deploys all services from one values file, avoiding duplicate YAML. Which Helm feature should they use to loop over a list of services in the chart templates?

A platform team uses Argo CD to manage a Kubernetes cluster. A developer manually edits a Deployment's replica count from 3 to 5 using kubectl, bypassing Git. Argo CD detects the drift and its sync policy is set to automated with self-heal enabled. What happens next?

A platform team wants to package a Kubernetes application — including its Deployment, Service, ConfigMap, and default configuration values — into a single versioned artifact that can be installed and rolled back as one unit. Which cloud native tool is purpose-built for this?

A development team wants to package and deploy a multi-tier application to Kubernetes. They need to template Kubernetes manifests with environment-specific values and manage releases with versioning and rollback capabilities. Which tool is purpose-built for this?

A delivery team's manifests are nearly identical across dev, staging, and production, differing only in replica counts, image tags, and resource limits. They want to keep one shared base and apply environment-specific changes without introducing a templating language. Which approach fits best?

A CI pipeline builds a container image and tags it as 'myapp:latest'. The pipeline then pushes the image to a registry. A Kubernetes Deployment manifest references 'myapp:latest' with imagePullPolicy: Always. After a new image is pushed with the same tag, the team notices that existing Pods are not updated. What is the most likely reason?

A platform team wants to package a multi-service application into a single distributable artifact that includes Kubernetes manifests, default configuration values, and a version number. Which tool is purpose-built for this task?

A release manager asks how a GitOps controller such as Argo CD decides whether an application is in sync. Which statement accurately describes that behavior?

A team is adopting a GitOps workflow with Argo CD to manage Kubernetes applications. They want to ensure that the cluster state always matches the desired state in Git and that changes are automatically applied. Which two Argo CD features should they configure? (Choose two.)

A team uses Argo CD to manage a production cluster. A developer commits a change to the Git repository that declares a Deployment with three replicas, but someone later manually scales the Deployment to five replicas using kubectl. What does Argo CD report and do by default?

A platform team is standardizing on Kubernetes-native delivery. They want to adopt practices that make releases repeatable and reduce drift between environments. Which two practices best support that goal? (Choose two.)

A team uses a CI pipeline that builds a container image, scans it for vulnerabilities, and then pushes it to a registry. The scan reports a critical vulnerability in a library used by the application. The team wants to prevent images with critical vulnerabilities from being deployed to production. Which approach best enforces this policy in a Kubernetes-native way?

A CI pipeline builds a container image and tags it only as latest before pushing to a registry. A release engineer needs to deploy a specific, immutable version and be able to roll back to a known good build. What is the best practice to adopt?

A platform team is designing a progressive delivery rollout for a new version of a service running on Kubernetes. They want to send a small percentage of live traffic to the new version, observe metrics, and automatically roll back if error rates rise. Which two components are required to implement this with a service mesh? (Choose two.)

A developer needs to run a one-off database migration job in a Kubernetes cluster and ensure it completes successfully before a new application version is rolled out. Which Kubernetes resource should be used for the migration task?