Cloud Native Application Delivery

A startup wants to minimize downtime during application updates in Kubernetes. Which deployment strategy should they use?

A DevOps engineer notices that after a Helm upgrade, the new pods are crash looping with 'ImagePullBackOff'. What is the most likely cause?

A team wants to implement GitOps for their Kubernetes workloads using Argo CD. They have multiple environments (dev, staging, prod) in separate clusters. What is the best practice for structuring the Git repository?

A user reports that a ConfigMap update is not reflected in running pods. Which action should be taken to ensure pods receive the updated configuration?

Which TWO of the following are benefits of using Helm for application delivery?

Which THREE of the following practices are essential for a secure cloud native CI/CD pipeline?

Refer to the exhibit. The deployment myapp is updated from image myapp:1.0 to myapp:2.0. During the rollout, what is the maximum number of pods that will be unavailable at any given time?

Your organization runs a microservices application on a Kubernetes cluster with 5 worker nodes (each with 4 vCPU, 16GB RAM). The application consists of 20 microservices, each deployed as a Deployment with 3 replicas. Recently, after a new microservice 'inventory' was deployed with resource requests of 2 CPU and 4GB memory per pod, the cluster started experiencing pod scheduling failures. Many existing pods are in 'Pending' state with events indicating 'Insufficient cpu' or 'Insufficient memory'. The cluster has cluster autoscaling enabled (node pool ranging from 3 to 10 nodes), but new nodes are not being added quickly enough, and the existing nodes are heavily utilized. You need to resolve the scheduling failures while ensuring the inventory service can scale. Which course of action should you take?

A team is deploying a new microservice that processes sensitive user data. They want to ensure that secrets such as database passwords are not exposed in the container image or environment variables. Which approach should they use?

A company is adopting a GitOps workflow for their Kubernetes deployments. They want to ensure that the cluster state always matches the desired state defined in a Git repository. Which tool is specifically designed for this purpose?

A microservice application is experiencing high latency during traffic spikes. The team identifies that the database connection pool is exhausted. They want to implement a pattern that helps decouple the microservice from direct database connections and smooth out traffic bursts. Which design pattern should they apply?

Which TWO statements are true about Kubernetes Deployments?

A financial services company runs a critical trading application on Kubernetes. The application is deployed as a Deployment with 3 replicas. Each pod exposes metrics on port 8080 and uses a ConfigMap to load configuration. Recently, after a configuration change via a ConfigMap update, two of the three pods started crashing with an out-of-memory (OOM) error, while the third pod continues to run fine. The team verified that the ConfigMap was updated correctly and that the application code did not change. The pods have resource limits set: memory limit of 512Mi and request of 256Mi. The application's memory usage before the change was around 200Mi. The new configuration increases the in-memory cache size. The team suspects the issue is related to the configuration change. What is the best course of action?

A team is deploying a microservice application on Kubernetes. They want to ensure that during rolling updates, the new version of the service receives traffic only after the readiness probe succeeds. However, they observe that the old pods are terminated before the new pods are ready, causing a brief downtime. Which configuration change should they make to the Deployment to prevent this?

A DevOps team uses Helm to manage Kubernetes applications. They want to ensure that sensitive data (e.g., database passwords) is not stored in plaintext in the Helm chart or in the cluster's ConfigMaps/Secrets. Which TWO practices should they adopt? (Choose two.)

Refer to the exhibit. The deployment above is created, but the pods are not receiving traffic from the associated Service. The Service selector matches 'app: web'. The Service endpoints list is empty. What is the most likely cause?

Drag and drop the steps to create a Kubernetes deployment using kubectl into the correct order.

Drag and drop the steps to troubleshoot a Pod stuck in CrashLoopBackOff into the correct order.

Drag and drop the steps to create a ConfigMap from a file in Kubernetes into the correct order.

Drag and drop the steps to scale a Kubernetes Deployment horizontally into the correct order.

Match each Kubernetes resource to its primary purpose.

Match each CNCF project to its primary function.

Match each Kubernetes networking concept to its description.

Match each Kubernetes storage concept to its description.

A development team wants to implement GitOps for their Kubernetes deployments using ArgoCD. Which ArgoCD component is responsible for monitoring the Git repository for changes and syncing the desired state to the cluster?

What is the primary purpose of a container registry in the CI/CD pipeline?

A team uses Helm to manage a complex application. They want to perform a release upgrade but keep a record of the previous release so they can roll back if needed. Which Helm command should they use?

In Flux, which controller is responsible for reconciling the desired state defined in a Git repository to the cluster?

A team wants to implement a canary deployment strategy for their Kubernetes application. Which tool is specifically designed for progressive delivery and can be used to automate canary rollouts?

Which DORA metric measures the percentage of deployments that cause a failure in production?

An organization uses Flux with Kustomize to manage their Kubernetes applications. They want to automatically update their deployment when a new container image is pushed to the registry. Which Flux component should they use?

In Kustomize, what is the purpose of an overlay?

A CI/CD pipeline includes image scanning. What is the primary security benefit of scanning container images in the CI phase?

What is the primary advantage of using Helm to package a Kubernetes application?

A team uses ArgoCD with a Git repository that contains Helm charts. They want ArgoCD to automatically sync when a new image tag is pushed to the container registry. Which approach should they use?

In a CI/CD pipeline, what is the difference between continuous delivery and continuous deployment?

Which TWO of the following are capabilities of ArgoCD? (Choose two.)

Which THREE of the following are features of Helm that facilitate release management? (Choose three.)

Which TWO of the following are deployment patterns that can be used to update applications with minimal downtime? (Choose two.)

What is the primary purpose of a continuous integration (CI) pipeline in cloud native application delivery?

In GitOps with ArgoCD, what happens when the desired state in Git differs from the live state in the cluster?

A team uses Flux with the Source Controller and Kustomize Controller. They update a YAML file in Git to change a Deployment's replica count. What describes the synchronization flow?

What is Helm's role in Kubernetes?

During a canary deployment using Argo Rollouts, how does the tool determine the success of the canary before promoting it?

A developer runs 'helm upgrade --install myapp ./mychart' and sees the release status is 'failed'. What is the most likely cause?

When using Kustomize, how do you apply a common label to all resources in the base?

Which deployment strategy updates pods incrementally, replacing old pods with new ones while ensuring availability?

A container image is being pushed to a private registry. What is the correct workflow?

In a CI pipeline, image scanning is integrated to detect vulnerabilities. What is the best practice when a critical vulnerability is found in a base image?

Which DORA metric measures how quickly code changes are deployed to production?

What is the purpose of values.yaml in a Helm chart?

Which TWO statements are true about ArgoCD's health status?

Which THREE are common features of progressive delivery?

Which TWO actions can improve the DORA metric 'Mean Time to Recovery (MTTR)'?

What is the primary purpose of a container registry in a CI/CD pipeline?

In GitOps with ArgoCD, what does 'self-healing' refer to?

Which Helm command is used to upgrade a release to a newer version of a chart?

A DevOps team wants to adopt a deployment pattern where a new version of an application is gradually rolled out to a small subset of users before full deployment. Which progressive delivery technique should they use?

In Kustomize, what is the purpose of an overlay?

Which DORA metric measures the percentage of deployments that cause a failure in production?

In Flux CD, which component is responsible for reconciling the cluster state with the source of truth defined in a Git repository?

An application deployment in Kubernetes uses a Deployment object. During a rolling update, the new ReplicaSet fails to become healthy. What is the default behavior of the Deployment controller?

Which tool can be used to implement feature flags in a Kubernetes-native progressive delivery setup?

A CI pipeline scans container images for vulnerabilities. The scan report shows a critical vulnerability in a base image layer. What is the most efficient way to remediate this issue?

A Kubernetes Deployment is configured with 'strategy.type: RollingUpdate'. The team wants to ensure that during an update, no more than 25% of pods are unavailable at any time. Which specification should be added?

In a GitOps workflow, a team uses ArgoCD. A developer manually changes a Deployment's replica count in the cluster via kubectl. ArgoCD has self-healing enabled. What will happen?

Which TWO of the following are benefits of using Helm for managing Kubernetes applications?

Which THREE of the following are key capabilities of progressive delivery tools like Argo Rollouts?

Which TWO statements about GitOps are correct?

What is the primary purpose of continuous integration (CI) in a cloud-native application delivery pipeline?

A DevOps team wants to implement GitOps for their Kubernetes cluster. Which tool is specifically designed for Kubernetes GitOps and can automatically sync the cluster state with a Git repository?

In a Helm chart, which file is used to define default configuration values that can be overridden by users during installation?

A team is using Kustomize to manage configurations for different environments. They want to create a variant of a base deployment that uses a different number of replicas. Which Kustomize feature should they use?

Which deployment strategy is characterized by gradually shifting traffic from an old version to a new version of an application, often requiring a service mesh or ingress controller to manage traffic splitting?

A team uses Argo Rollouts for progressive delivery. They configure a canary rollout with a traffic split of 20% to the new version. After verification, the rollout automatically increases traffic to 100%. Which Argo Rollout manifest field controls this gradual traffic increase?

What is the purpose of container image scanning in a CI/CD pipeline?

According to DORA metrics, which metric measures the percentage of deployments that fail in production?

A team uses Flux to manage GitOps. Which Flux component is responsible for reconciling the cluster state with the desired state defined in a Git repository?

Which command is used to rollback a Helm release to a previous revision?

In a blue-green deployment strategy, at any given time, only one environment (blue or green) is active. What is the primary advantage of this approach?

A team wants to use feature flags to control the rollout of a new feature in a Kubernetes-deployed microservice. Which tool is specifically designed for managing feature flags in cloud-native applications?

Which TWO statements are true about Kustomize? (Choose 2)

Which THREE are examples of DORA metrics used to measure DevOps performance? (Choose 3)

Which TWO components are part of the core Flux GitOps toolkit? (Choose 2)

What is the primary purpose of a container registry in a CI/CD pipeline?

A team uses Helm to manage their Kubernetes applications. They need to upgrade a release and want to reuse the values from the previous release while overriding a specific value. Which helm command should they use?

A Kubernetes cluster runs a critical application that must be updated with zero downtime. The team wants to gradually shift traffic from the old version to the new version over a period of time. Which deployment pattern is MOST appropriate?

In the context of DORA metrics, which metric measures how often an organization successfully releases to production?

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of Kustomize?

Which TWO of the following are features of ArgoCD that support GitOps principles?

Which THREE of the following are DORA metrics?

Which THREE of the following are core components of Flux?

Which TWO of the following are benefits of implementing progressive delivery techniques (e.g., canary releases)?

Which THREE of the following are important security practices in a container image CI/CD pipeline?