CV0-004 Practice Test 36 — 15 Questions

Question 1

A company recently migrated its on-premises backup server to a cloud virtual machine running Windows Server with a dedicated data disk for backups. The backup software is configured to write to a folder on the data disk. After two weeks, the backup jobs start failing with 'disk full' errors. The cloud engineer logs into the VM and verifies that the data disk has 500 GB of total space and the backup folder shows only 300 GB used. However, the operating system reports the disk as 100% full. The engineer also notices that the recycle bin on the data disk appears to be empty. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the discrepancy?

Choose an answer to begin — your selection is scored in the full session.

Accepted Answer

Shadow copies (Volume Shadow Copies) are consuming space on the data disk. Previous backups moved to the system volume shadow copy (VSS) snapshots can consume hidden space. The operating system sees the disk as full because VSS takes up space that is not visible in normal file counting. Option B is wrong: cloud provider quotas on a VM's managed disk are not enforced at the OS level; the OS sees the full provisioned size. Option C is wrong: the recycle bin was noted as empty, so it cannot account for the discrepancy. Option D is wrong: compression reduces the amount of space used, and index fragmentation does not cause the OS to report 100% full when only 300 GB is used.

Answer

The cloud provider has imposed a quota on the disk's storage capacity that is lower than the provisioned size

Answer

The recycle bin on the data disk contains deleted backup files that are not counted

Answer

The backup software is compressing data, causing the disk to appear full due to index fragmentation

Question 2

A cloud architect is designing a Kubernetes deployment for a stateless web application. The application must be highly available and automatically recover from failures. Which THREE components are required to achieve this? (Select 3)

Accepted Answer

Deployment resource. A Deployment manages replicas and supports rolling updates. A Service provides stable networking to the pods. Readiness probes ensure only healthy pods receive traffic. ConfigMaps and StatefulSets are not required for stateless HA.

Answer

ConfigMap

Answer

StatefulSet

Question 3

Refer to the exhibit. An IAM policy is attached to a group that includes engineers. An engineer attempts to start a stopped EC2 instance that has tags {Environment: development, Project: alpha}. What will happen?

Accepted Answer

The engineer can start the instance because the policy allows ec2:StartInstances.. The IAM policy includes an Allow statement for ec2:StartInstances with a condition requiring the instance to have tags {Environment: development, Project: alpha}. The instance in question has exactly those tags, so the condition is met. The Allow applies, granting permission to start the instance. The Deny statement only affects ec2:TerminateInstances and does not block StartInstances. Since there is no other Deny applicable to StartInstances, the engineer is allowed to start the instance. Therefore, option A is correct.

Answer

The engineer cannot start the instance because the Deny on ec2:TerminateInstances also blocks StartInstances.

Answer

The engineer can start the instance because the Deny does not apply to start actions.

Answer

The engineer cannot start the instance because the Allow condition is not met.

Question 4

A cloud administrator needs to centralize logs from multiple cloud provider accounts and on-premises servers for security analysis. Which approach should be used?

Accepted Answer

Configure each account's API activity logging to deliver logs to a central storage bucket, and use a log collection agent on on-premises servers to send logs to a central log service. Centralized logging can be achieved by sending logs from multiple sources to a central storage and using a central log service for querying. API activity logging captures API calls from cloud provider accounts, and on-premises logs can be sent via a log collection agent to a central log service.

Answer

Create a serverless function that copies logs from each account to a central storage bucket in a management account

Answer

Enable virtual network flow logs in each account and store them locally

Answer

Use configuration compliance rules to aggregate logs into a single account

Question 5

A company runs a stateless web application on AWS EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The application experiences varying traffic patterns, with spikes on weekdays. The company wants to minimize costs while ensuring performance during spikes. Which combination of purchasing options and scaling strategy is most cost-effective?

Accepted Answer

Reserved instances for baseline capacity and on-demand instances for spikes. Using spot instances for the baseline capacity is risky because spot instances can be interrupted, causing instability. Reserved instances provide a discount for steady-state usage, and on-demand instances handle spikes. Auto-scaling with on-demand only would be more expensive. Spot instances for the entire workload are unreliable.

Answer

Spot instances for all capacity with a large buffer

Answer

On-demand instances for baseline and reserved instances for spikes

Answer

Reserved instances for baseline capacity and spot instances for spikes

Question 6

A cloud architect is designing a serverless application using Azure Functions. The function must process messages from an Azure Storage Queue. How should the architect configure the trigger?

Accepted Answer

Queue trigger. Azure Functions natively supports a Queue trigger that automatically polls an Azure Storage Queue for new messages and executes the function code when a message is detected. This is the simplest and most efficient way to process messages from a Storage Queue without custom polling logic.

Answer

Blob trigger

Answer

Event Grid trigger

Answer

HTTP trigger with queue polling

Question 7

An organization is migrating a legacy application to a public cloud. The application requires a static IP address that does not change after a VM is stopped. Which of the following should the cloud architect use to meet this requirement?

Accepted Answer

Reserved IP address. A reserved IP address is a static, persistent public IP that remains assigned to a VM even when the VM is stopped or deallocated. In public cloud platforms like Azure, a reserved IP (or static IP) is explicitly set to not change across VM lifecycle events, meeting the requirement for a fixed address that survives stop/deallocate operations.

Answer

Elastic IP address

Answer

Ephemeral IP address

Answer

Floating IP address

Question 8

A cloud engineer is configuring auto-scaling for a web application that experiences variable traffic. The application runs on virtual machines and uses a message queue for incoming requests. The scaling policy must ensure that the average CPU utilization stays around 60% and that the queue depth does not exceed 100 messages. Which THREE metrics should the engineer use for the scaling policies? (Choose three.)

Accepted Answer

CPU utilization. The required metrics are CPU utilization, SQS queue depth (message queue length), and custom application metrics can be used for additional application-specific scaling. Memory and network throughput are not specified as requirements.

Answer

Network throughput (bytes in/out)

Answer

Memory utilization

Question 9

An e-commerce company is deploying a disaster recovery solution across two cloud regions. The primary region runs the production workload. The recovery region should have a fully provisioned environment that can take over immediately in case of a failure. Which deployment strategy BEST meets this requirement while minimizing costs?

Accepted Answer

Warm standby in the recovery region. Warm standby is the correct strategy because it maintains a fully provisioned, scaled-down copy of the production environment in the recovery region that can be activated immediately upon failover. This meets the requirement for immediate takeover while minimizing costs by running only the essential resources (e.g., a minimal number of compute instances, a standby database) instead of a full active-active deployment.

Answer

Backup and restore to the recovery region upon failure

Answer

Multi-site active-active with load balancers

Answer

Pilot light with minimal resources running in recovery

Question 10

A startup is deploying a web application on a public cloud and expects variable traffic throughout the day. The team wants to minimize costs while ensuring that the application can handle sudden spikes in demand. Which scaling strategy best meets these requirements?

Accepted Answer

Auto scaling based on CPU utilization thresholds. Auto scaling based on CPU utilization thresholds is the correct strategy because it dynamically adjusts the number of compute instances in response to real-time demand, ensuring the application can handle sudden spikes while minimizing costs during low-traffic periods. This approach aligns with the startup's requirement for variable traffic and cost efficiency, as it only provisions resources when needed, unlike fixed schedules or manual interventions that cannot react to unpredictable spikes.

Answer

Horizontal scaling using a fixed schedule

Answer

Vertical scaling during off-peak hours

Answer

Manual scaling based on historical data

Question 11

A cloud architect needs to choose a compute service for a batch processing job that runs once a day and takes about 30 minutes. The job is CPU-intensive and can tolerate interruptions. Which compute option is the most cost-effective?

Accepted Answer

Spot (preemptible) instances. (Spot/preemptible instances) is the most cost-effective for this interruptible batch job. Reserved instances (A) require a long-term commitment, on-demand instances (D) are more expensive, and dedicated hosts (C) are costly and unnecessary.

Answer

Reserved instances

Answer

Dedicated hosts

Answer

On-demand instances

Question 12

A cloud administrator is troubleshooting a performance issue where a web application is responding slowly. The application runs on virtual machines in a private cloud. The administrator has verified that CPU and memory utilization are within normal limits. Which TWO additional metrics should the administrator check to diagnose the issue?

Accepted Answer

Network latency between the application and database servers. Network latency between the application and database servers is a critical metric because slow database queries or network congestion can cause the web application to respond slowly even when CPU and memory on the VMs are normal. High latency increases round-trip time for SQL queries, directly impacting page load times. Disk I/O wait time on the hypervisor is also essential because excessive I/O wait indicates storage contention, which can throttle read/write operations for the VMs, leading to application sluggishness.

Answer

Number of running processes

Answer

Virtual machine snapshot size

Answer

Hypervisor version

Question 13

A cloud operations team is troubleshooting a performance issue with a database that is running on a virtual machine. The database is experiencing high latency during peak hours. Metrics show that CPU and memory usage are below 50%, but disk I/O latency spikes. The database is hosted on a cloud provider's virtual machine with premium SSDs. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the disk I/O latency?

Accepted Answer

The disk IOPS limit is being exceeded during peak loads.. Premium SSDs have defined IOPS limits that, when exceeded during peak loads, cause disk I/O latency spikes. Since CPU and memory are below 50%, the bottleneck is at the storage layer, not compute or memory. The high latency indicates the disk queue depth is growing as requests exceed the provisioned IOPS cap, leading to queuing delays.

Answer

The OS is paging memory to disk due to insufficient RAM.

Answer

The virtual machine's network bandwidth is saturated.

Answer

The database application is CPU-bound.

Question 14

An organization is migrating a legacy application to the cloud. The application writes logs to a local file system. The cloud architect recommends using a centralized logging service. Which of the following BEST explains why this change is important?

Accepted Answer

Because cloud instances are ephemeral and local logs would be lost if instances terminate. Cloud instances are ephemeral; if an instance terminates, logs stored locally are lost. Centralized logging ensures logs persist independently of instance lifecycle. Option A is incorrect because regulatory compliance may be a secondary benefit, but the primary driver here is the ephemeral nature of instances, not compliance. Option B is incorrect while reducing storage costs might be a benefit, the main reason for centralization is to prevent data loss, not cost savings. Option D is incorrect encryption is a security feature but not the fundamental reason for moving to centralized logging; the key issue is instance ephemerality.

Answer

To meet regulatory compliance requirements for log retention

Answer

To reduce storage costs by using object storage for logs

Answer

To encrypt log data at rest and in transit

Question 15

A cloud administrator sets up a monitoring alarm to trigger when CPU utilization exceeds 90% for 5 minutes. The alarm uses a period of 5 minutes and an evaluation period of 1. The alarm does not trigger even though CPU spikes above 90% for several minutes. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

The alarm's statistic is set to 'Average', which smooths out short spikes.. The average statistic smooths out the spike. Options A, B, and D are incorrect or not the cause.

Answer

The monitoring service does not support CPU utilization.

Answer

The alarm's evaluation period is set to 2 periods.

Answer

The alarm action is not configured.