Network Fundamentals

In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing of packets between networks?

Which transport protocol is connection-oriented and ensures reliable delivery through acknowledgments and retransmissions?

A DNS AAAA record is used to resolve a hostname to what type of address?

A network engineer is designing a subnet that needs to support 30 usable hosts. Which subnet mask should be used?

Which HTTP method is idempotent and used to update a resource by sending the full representation?

In the context of SDN, which API is used between the SDN controller and the network devices to configure forwarding behavior?

A network administrator is configuring a wireless network and wants to minimize interference. In the 2.4 GHz band, which set of channels are non-overlapping?

During a TCP three-way handshake, which sequence of flags is sent from the client to initiate the connection?

Which of the following is a private IPv4 address range as defined by RFC 1918?

A developer is writing a Python script to interact with a REST API. The API requires a JSON payload to create a new resource. Which HTTP method should be used?

Which DNS record type is used to verify domain ownership for email security protocols like SPF and DKIM?

Which layer of the OSI model uses MAC addresses to deliver frames within the same network segment?

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of UDP compared to TCP? (Select two.)

Which THREE of the following are true about HTTP/2 compared to HTTP/1.1? (Select three.)

Which TWO of the following are valid private IPv4 address ranges? (Select two.)

An engineer is troubleshooting a connectivity issue between two devices on different VLANs. The switch connecting the devices is configured with 802.1Q trunking. At which OSI layer do VLANs operate?

A network application requires reliable, ordered delivery of data and uses a three-way handshake to establish a connection. Which transport protocol is being used?

A network administrator needs to assign IP addresses to devices on a subnet with a /25 prefix. How many usable host addresses are available?

A developer is building a real-time video streaming application that must minimize delay, even if some packets are lost. Which transport protocol is most appropriate, and why?

Which DNS record type is used to map a domain name to an IPv6 address?

An organization has a web server that needs to be reachable via both 'www.example.com' and 'example.com'. Which DNS record type should be used to make 'example.com' an alias for 'www.example.com'?

In HTTP/2, which feature allows multiple concurrent requests and responses to be interleaved on a single connection, improving performance?

A network engineer is configuring a wireless network for a hospital that requires high throughput and minimal interference from neighboring networks. Which set of 2.4 GHz channels should be used for non-overlapping coverage?

Which of the following is a private IPv4 address range as defined by RFC 1918?

An application needs to discover the MAC address of another device on the same local network. Which protocol does it use?

In Software-Defined Networking (SDN), which interface is used for communication between the controller and the network devices (e.g., switches) to forward traffic?

A network administrator notices that a host with IP 192.168.1.10/25 cannot communicate with a host at 192.168.1.200/25. What is the most likely reason?

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of TLS (Transport Layer Security) used in HTTPS? (Choose two.)

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using an SDN (Software-Defined Networking) architecture compared to traditional networking? (Choose three.)

Which TWO of the following protocols use UDP as the transport layer protocol? (Choose two.)

A network engineer is troubleshooting connectivity issues and wants to verify the path that packets take from a source to a destination IP address. Which OSI layer is primarily responsible for packet forwarding and routing?

An application requires reliable, ordered delivery of data with flow control and retransmission of lost segments. Which transport layer protocol should the developer choose and what is a key characteristic of this protocol?

A network administrator is configuring subnetting for a new branch office that requires 50 usable host addresses per subnet. The available network is 192.168.10.0/24. What subnet mask should be used to meet the requirement with minimal waste?

A developer is designing a microservices architecture where services need to discover each other using DNS. The team wants to map a service name 'payment-service.example.com' to its IPv6 address. Which DNS record type should be used?

A web application uses HTTPS to secure communications between client and server. What does HTTPS add on top of HTTP to provide encryption and authentication?

A network engineer is configuring a wireless network for a new office. To maximize performance and minimize interference, the engineer decides to use the 5 GHz band. Which of the following is a key advantage of 5 GHz over 2.4 GHz?

In Software-Defined Networking (SDN), the control plane is separated from the data plane. Which of the following best describes the function of the southbound API?

A developer is troubleshooting an HTTP API call that returns a 404 status code. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Which of the following is a private IPv4 address range as defined by RFC 1918?

A network administrator is configuring DNS for a corporate domain. An MX record is required to specify the mail server responsible for handling email. Which of the following is a correct example of an MX record?

A network engineer is tasked with segmenting a large broadcast domain into smaller ones using VLANs. In the OSI model, at which layer does a VLAN operate?

An application developer is using a protocol that does not require a connection setup and has minimal header overhead. Which transport protocol is being used?

A network administrator is deploying a wireless network that supports the latest security standards and high throughput. Which TWO of the following are true regarding Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) compared to Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac)?

A DevOps engineer is automating network configuration using REST APIs. The engineer needs to choose between NETCONF and OpenFlow as southbound protocols. Which TWO statements are correct?

A developer is designing a system that requires high reliability and ordered data delivery. The developer chooses TCP. Which THREE features are provided by TCP?

Which OSI layer is responsible for routing packets across different networks?

A network administrator configures a switch port to belong to VLAN 10. Which OSI layer is primarily involved in VLAN tagging?

An application requires reliable, ordered delivery of data. Which transport protocol should be used?

Which TCP flag is set in the second step of the three-way handshake?

Which of the following is a private IPv4 address range as defined by RFC 1918?

A network engineer is subnetting the network 192.168.1.0/24 into subnets that each support at least 50 hosts. What subnet mask should be used?

Which DNS record type is used to verify domain ownership for email security (SPF)?

What is the primary benefit of using HTTP/2 over HTTP/1.1?

In the context of SDN, which API allows a network controller to communicate with the forwarding plane of network devices?

Which wireless standard operates in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands and is commonly known as Wi-Fi 6?

An engineer sees that a DNS query for 'www.example.com' returns a CNAME record. What does this mean?

An application uses UDP. Which characteristic is true about this application's communication?

Which of the following is a non-overlapping channel in the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band?

Which TWO of the following are southbound protocols in SDN?

Which THREE of the following are features of HTTP/2?

At which layer of the OSI model do MAC addresses operate?

Which transport layer protocol is used by HTTP and guarantees reliable delivery?

A network administrator is configuring a new subnet for a branch office that requires at least 50 usable host addresses. Which subnet mask would meet this requirement while minimizing address waste?

In the TCP three-way handshake, which sequence of flags is exchanged to establish a connection?

Which DNS record type is used to map a domain name to an IPv6 address?

An engineer is troubleshooting a VoIP call quality issue. The call uses UDP and experiences packet loss. Which characteristic of UDP most likely contributes to the problem?

Which of the following is a private IPv4 address range as defined by RFC 1918?

In an SDN architecture, which API is used by the controller to communicate with network devices to install forwarding rules?

An HTTP/2 connection uses multiple concurrent streams over a single TCP connection. Which feature of HTTP/2 enables this?

In a wireless network using 802.11ac, which frequency band does the standard primarily operate in to achieve higher throughput?

What is the primary function of a switch in a network?

A developer is writing a script that uses a REST API to configure network devices via NETCONF. Which layer of the SDN architecture does NETCONF belong to?

Which wireless security standard provides the strongest encryption and is recommended for enterprise networks as of 2023?

Which TWO of the following are benefits of using UDP over TCP for real-time applications?

Which THREE of the following are characteristics of HTTP/2 compared to HTTP/1.1?

At which layer of the OSI model do switches operate when forwarding frames based on MAC addresses?

An application requires reliable, ordered delivery of data with error checking. Which transport protocol should be used, and what is a key characteristic of this protocol?

Which IP address is a valid host address in the 192.168.1.0/24 network?

A network engineer is designing a subnetting scheme for a company that requires 5 subnets from the 192.168.1.0/24 network. What subnet mask should be used, and how many usable hosts per subnet will be available?

Which DNS record type is used to verify domain ownership for email security (SPF) and is stored as a text string?

Which wireless standard is commonly known as Wi-Fi 6 and operates in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands?

In an SDN architecture, which layer is responsible for making decisions about where traffic should be forwarded?

A network engineer configures an HTTP/2 server. Which feature of HTTP/2 reduces overhead by compressing headers using HPACK?

Which non-overlapping channels are available in the 2.4 GHz band for Wi-Fi to minimize interference?

A developer is creating a REST API client that needs to authenticate using credentials passed in the HTTP header. Which header should be used?

Which of the following is a private IPv4 address range as defined by RFC 1918?

In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for session management, including establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections between applications?

A network administrator is configuring a DNS server. Which TWO DNS record types are used for IPv6 address resolution?

Which THREE of the following are characteristics of the UDP protocol?

An engineer is troubleshooting a network issue where a client cannot reach a server. The client uses HTTPS. Which TWO factors are essential for a successful TLS handshake?

An engineer is troubleshooting a network issue and needs to verify the MAC address of the next-hop router on a directly connected segment. Which layer of the OSI model does the engineer need to examine to find this information?

A network administrator is configuring a new subnet for a branch office that requires 50 usable host addresses. The corporate network uses the 192.168.10.0/24 block. Which subnet mask should be used to meet the requirement with minimal waste?

A DevOps team is deploying a microservices application that requires both reliable data transfer and low-latency real-time communication. Which two protocols should be used for these respective requirements? (Choose two.)

An administrator is configuring DNS records for a company's domain. Which three DNS record types are most commonly used to map hostnames to IP addresses or aliases? (Choose three.)

A network engineer is designing a wireless network for an office that requires high throughput and minimal interference. Which two channels should be used for the 2.4 GHz band to avoid overlap? (Choose two.)

A software-defined networking (SDN) controller is being deployed to manage network devices. Which two components are part of the SDN architecture? (Choose two.)

An organization is planning to implement HTTPS for their web services. Which three statements accurately describe the HTTPS protocol? (Choose three.)

A network engineer is analyzing traffic and needs to identify which applications use UDP. Which three applications commonly use UDP as their transport protocol? (Choose three.)

An engineer is configuring a new IPv4 subnet with the address 172.16.5.0/25. Which three statements are true about this subnet? (Choose three.)