AZ-305 Design infrastructure solutions — 10 Questions

Question 1

A company is designing a hub-spoke network topology in Azure. The hub contains a third-party network virtual appliance (NVA) for inspection. Spokes need to communicate with each other, and all inter-spoke traffic must be routed through the NVA in the hub. Which configuration should they use?

Accepted Answer

Create user-defined routes (UDRs) in each spoke subnet that force traffic to go through the hub NVA. Option C is correct because user-defined routes (UDRs) allow you to explicitly override Azure's default system routes. By adding a route in each spoke subnet with the hub NVA's private IP as the next hop for inter-spoke traffic (e.g., 10.1.0.0/16 -> 10.0.0.4), all traffic between spokes is forced through the NVA for inspection. This ensures the hub-spoke topology meets the requirement without relying on Azure Firewall or Internet routing.

Answer

Set route tables on spoke subnets with a 0.0.0.0/0 route to the Internet

Answer

Configure Azure Firewall in the hub with forced tunneling to on-premises

Answer

Use VNet peering with gateway transit enabled

Question 2

A company is deploying a web application on Azure App Service. They need to guarantee that all traffic from the internet goes through a Web Application Firewall (WAF) before reaching the app. The solution must be cost-effective for a single application. Which Azure service should they place in front of the App Service?

Accepted Answer

Azure Application Gateway with WAF.. Azure Application Gateway with WAF is the correct choice because it provides a regional, layer-7 load balancer with built-in Web Application Firewall capabilities, designed to protect web applications from common exploits and vulnerabilities. For a single application, it is more cost-effective than Azure Front Door, which is a global service with higher minimum costs and additional features not required here. Application Gateway can be deployed directly in front of App Service to inspect and filter all internet traffic before it reaches the app.

Answer

Azure Front Door with WAF policy.

Answer

Azure Firewall with application rules.

Answer

Azure Traffic Manager.

Question 3

A company has multiple Azure subscriptions and on-premises data centers connected via ExpressRoute. They want to centralize connectivity to the internet and enforce a single web filtering and security policy for all outbound internet traffic from Azure VMs. Which Azure networking architecture should they implement?

Accepted Answer

Use a hub-spoke topology with Azure Firewall in the hub for all outbound traffic.. Option A is correct because a hub-spoke topology with Azure Firewall in the hub provides a centralized point for routing all outbound internet traffic from Azure VMs. By using user-defined routes (UDRs) on the spoke subnets that point to the Azure Firewall as the default gateway (0.0.0.0/0 next hop), all outbound traffic is forced through the firewall, enabling consistent web filtering and security policy enforcement. This architecture also integrates seamlessly with ExpressRoute for on-premises connectivity, ensuring a single egress point for internet-bound traffic.

Answer

Use a single virtual network for all resources with a network virtual appliance.

Answer

Use an Azure Virtual WAN with security virtual WAN hub.

Answer

Use Azure Traffic Manager with Azure Firewall.

Question 4

A company has multiple branch offices and needs to connect them to Azure and to each other using a scalable, managed solution that simplifies network architecture. The solution should support automatic routing and integration with ExpressRoute and VPN. Which Azure service should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Virtual WAN. Azure Virtual WAN is a managed networking service that aggregates branch, VPN, and ExpressRoute connectivity into a single hub-and-spoke architecture. It automatically handles routing between branches and Azure, supports any-to-any connectivity, and integrates natively with ExpressRoute and VPN gateways, making it the correct choice for a scalable, managed solution that simplifies network architecture.

Answer

Azure Virtual Network

Answer

Azure ExpressRoute

Answer

Azure VPN Gateway

Question 5

A company runs a high-performance computing (HPC) workload on Azure that requires extremely low latency (under 10 microseconds) between multiple VMs for MPI communication. The VMs are part of a single job and must be placed together to minimize network latency. Which VM deployment option should they use?

Accepted Answer

Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets with a Proximity Placement Group. A Proximity Placement Group (PPG) within a Virtual Machine Scale Set ensures that all VMs are physically located as close as possible within an Azure datacenter, reducing network latency to under 10 microseconds for MPI communication. This is the only option that guarantees co-location of VMs for a single HPC job, as PPGs minimize inter-VM latency by placing VMs in the same rack or cluster.

Answer

Azure Availability Sets

Answer

Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets across Availability Zones

Answer

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)

Question 6

A company is deploying an internal web application on Azure VMs. The application requires SSL offloading, session stickiness, and URL-based routing (e.g., /api/* to one backend, /app/* to another). The solution must operate within a single Azure region and must not be exposed to the public internet. Which Azure load balancing solution should they use?

Accepted Answer

C. Azure Application Gateway v2 is the correct choice because it provides SSL offloading (SSL termination at the gateway), session stickiness (cookie-based affinity), and URL-based routing (path-based routing rules) within a single Azure region. It can be deployed with a private IP address only, ensuring it is not exposed to the public internet, meeting all requirements.

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

D

Question 7

A company is developing a containerized microservices application. They want to minimize operational overhead for managing orchestration. The application has a low-to-medium traffic pattern that can spike unpredictably. They need fast scaling and pay-per-second billing. Which Azure compute service should they use?

Accepted Answer

B. Azure Container Instances (ACI) is the correct choice because it provides serverless container orchestration with per-second billing and rapid scaling, ideal for low-to-medium traffic with unpredictable spikes. Unlike Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), ACI eliminates the need to manage a control plane or node pools, minimizing operational overhead while supporting fast scaling for containerized microservices.

Answer

A

Answer

C

Answer

D

Question 8

A company has two on-premises data centers and an Azure subscription. They need to connect each data center to Azure with a private, high-bandwidth, and reliable connection. They also want a low-cost backup connection for each data center in case the primary connection fails. Which combination of connectivity options should they recommend?

Accepted Answer

A. Azure ExpressRoute provides a private, high-bandwidth, and reliable connection from on-premises data centers to Azure, bypassing the public internet. To meet the low-cost backup requirement, Azure VPN Gateway (Site-to-Site VPN) offers a secure, encrypted connection over the internet as a failover path, which is significantly cheaper than a second ExpressRoute circuit. This combination ensures primary connectivity via ExpressRoute and cost-effective redundancy via VPN.

Answer

B

Answer

C

Answer

D

Question 9

A company is designing a hub-spoke network topology across multiple Azure regions. They plan to deploy a third-party network virtual appliance (NVA) in the hub for traffic inspection. They require that all traffic between spokes in different regions must be routed through the hub NVA, and they want to minimize the number of peered connections. Which solution should they implement?

Accepted Answer

VNet peering with user-defined routes (UDRs) in each spoke pointing to the NVA IP in the hub. Option A is correct because VNet peering combined with user-defined routes (UDRs) allows traffic between spokes in different regions to be forced through the NVA in the hub for inspection. By configuring UDRs in each spoke with the next hop set to the NVA's private IP, you ensure inter-spoke traffic traverses the hub without requiring a full mesh of peering connections. This minimizes the number of peered connections (only hub-to-spoke peering is needed) while meeting the routing requirement.

Answer

Azure Virtual WAN with a secured hub using Azure Firewall

Answer

Azure VNet-to-VNet VPN gateways between all spokes

Answer

Azure ExpressRoute with private peering

Question 10

A company is deploying a multi-tier web application on Azure. The web tier must be accessible from the internet. The application tier and database tier must be isolated within the virtual network and not directly accessible from the internet. The solution must provide SSL termination, URL-based routing, and Web Application Firewall (WAF) capabilities. Which Azure service should they use to expose the web tier?

Accepted Answer

Azure Application Gateway. Azure Application Gateway is a layer-7 load balancer that provides SSL termination, URL-based routing, and a built-in Web Application Firewall (WAF). It can expose the web tier to the internet while keeping the application and database tiers isolated within the virtual network, as it routes traffic to backend pools using HTTP/HTTPS rules without exposing those backends directly.

Answer

Azure Load Balancer

Answer

Azure Traffic Manager

Answer

Azure Front Door