Data Store Management

A company has an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance with read replicas. The primary DB instance fails. What is the correct procedure to promote a read replica to become the new primary?

A data engineering team uses Amazon Redshift for analytics. They notice that queries on a large fact table are slow. The table is distributed using DISTSTYLE ALL. Which design change would most likely improve query performance?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB for a gaming application. They need to store player session data that expires after 24 hours. Which DynamoDB feature should they use to automatically delete expired items?

Which TWO actions should a data engineer take to encrypt data at rest in an Amazon S3 bucket? (Select TWO.)

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data must be immutable and support high-throughput streaming ingestion. Which THREE features should the engineer consider? (Select THREE.)

An e-commerce application uses Amazon ElastiCache for Redis to cache product catalog data. The cache currently uses lazy loading. The team wants to ensure that frequently accessed product data is always fresh. Which caching strategy should they implement?

Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer has attached this bucket policy to an S3 bucket. What is the effect of this policy?

Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer runs the above AWS CLI command to view the table metadata in the AWS Glue Data Catalog. The data is stored as CSV in S3 with partitions by year and month. When querying the table using Amazon Athena, no data is returned. What is the most likely cause?

Which THREE storage classes in Amazon S3 are designed for infrequently accessed data with millisecond retrieval times? (Select THREE.)

A company stores time-series sensor data in Amazon S3. They need to query the data using SQL with minimal latency and no infrastructure management. Which service should they use?

A data engineer needs to migrate an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL with minimal downtime. Which approach should they use?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB with on-demand capacity. They notice higher than expected costs due to a sudden spike in read traffic from a reporting job. The reporting job scans the entire table daily. What is the most cost-effective way to reduce costs while maintaining the same reporting output?

A data engineer has set up an Amazon S3 lifecycle policy to transition objects to Glacier Instant Retrieval after 30 days. After 60 days, objects should transition to Deep Archive. However, objects are not transitioning to Deep Archive. What is the most likely cause?

A data engineer attaches the above IAM policy to an IAM user. The user tries to download an object from my-bucket using the AWS CLI without specifying SSE headers. The object is stored with SSE-S3. Will the download succeed?

A company is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. Which TWO strategies improve query performance for Amazon Athena?

A company is migrating a legacy data warehouse to Amazon Redshift. They need to choose a distribution style to minimize data movement during joins. Which THREE factors should they consider?

A company runs a multi-AZ Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance. They need to run a one-time analytical query that will take several hours and consume significant I/O. The query should not impact the primary workload. What should the data engineer do?

A company is migrating its on-premises MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. They want to minimize downtime and ensure data consistency. Which AWS service should be used for the migration?

A data engineer is troubleshooting a slow-running query on an Amazon Redshift cluster. The query involves joining two large tables. The engineer notices that the query plan shows a large number of distribution and broadcast operations. Which design change would most likely improve query performance?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB for a gaming leaderboard. The table has a partition key of 'game_id' and a sort key of 'score'. The read capacity is provisioned at 1000 RCUs. During peak hours, users report high latency when querying the top 10 scores for a specific game. The DynamoDB metrics show ConsumedReadCapacityUnits averaging 800 but occasional throttling. What is the most likely cause and solution?

A data engineer runs the above AWS CLI command and receives the output. The object is part of an S3 Lifecycle policy that transitions objects to Glacier Instant Retrieval after 30 days. The object was created on January 1, 2023. Why is the object still in STANDARD_IA storage class?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3 for analytics. The data includes sensitive PII that must be encrypted at rest. The company requires that the encryption keys be managed by the company's own hardware security module (HSM) and rotated every 90 days. Which TWO options meet these requirements? (Choose TWO.)

A company runs a real-time analytics platform using Amazon Kinesis Data Streams with a shard count of 10. The data is consumed by an AWS Lambda function that writes to an Amazon DynamoDB table. The DynamoDB table has a partition key of 'user_id' and a sort key of 'timestamp'. The table is provisioned with 5000 RCUs and 5000 WCUs. Recently, the application experienced increased write latency and throttling errors (ProvisionedThroughputExceededException) on the DynamoDB table. The CloudWatch metrics show that ConsumedWriteCapacityUnits averages 4500 with occasional spikes to 6000. The Lambda function’s concurrency is set to 1000. The data engineer suspects the issue is due to hot partitions. Upon investigation, the engineer finds that a small number of users generate a disproportionately large amount of data. Which course of action would best resolve the throttling while minimizing cost?

A data engineering team is designing a data lake on Amazon S3 with a folder structure that separates raw, transformed, and curated data. The team needs to implement lifecycle policies to minimize storage costs while ensuring that data in the 'raw' zone is retained for 90 days before being moved to Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive. Additionally, data in the 'curated' zone should be deleted after 365 days. What is the MOST cost-effective way to achieve these requirements?

A data engineer is setting up an Amazon Redshift cluster for a data warehouse. The cluster will store historical sales data and support complex analytical queries. To optimize query performance and manage storage, the engineer needs to choose appropriate distribution styles and sort keys for a large fact table 'sales' and several dimension tables. Which TWO of the following design decisions are BEST practices?

A data engineer ran the above CLI command to describe an Amazon DynamoDB table named 'Orders'. The table has a key schema with 'OrderID' as the partition key and 'CustomerID' as the sort key. The table currently has no items. The engineer wants to add a new attribute 'OrderDate' and then query all orders for a specific customer within a date range. Which of the following actions is the MOST efficient approach to support this query pattern?

Arrange the steps to set up cross-region replication for an S3 bucket.

Order the steps to set up an Amazon EMR cluster for processing data in S3 using Spark.

Match each AWS Glue component to its role.

Match each AWS monitoring tool to its primary use.

A company uses Amazon S3 to store sensitive customer data. The security team requires that all objects uploaded to a specific bucket be encrypted at rest using AWS KMS with a customer managed key. Which bucket policy statement should be applied to enforce this requirement?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data is ingested from multiple sources and needs to be partitioned by year, month, day, and event type for efficient querying with Amazon Athena. Which S3 key prefix structure is most appropriate?

A company runs an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The database experiences high write latency during peak hours. The data engineer notices that the WriteIOPS metric is consistently at the provisioned limit. Which action would most effectively reduce write latency without increasing costs?

A data engineer needs to store semi-structured JSON data from IoT devices. The data is written once, read rarely, but must be queryable using SQL. The storage cost must be minimized. Which storage solution should the engineer choose?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB as the primary data store for a web application. The application experiences occasional throttling on write requests. The data engineer needs to implement a solution that handles throttling gracefully without losing data. Which approach should the engineer use?

A financial services company stores transaction data in Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The company requires that all changes to the database be logged for audit purposes, including before and after images of updated rows. Which feature should the data engineer enable?

A data engineer is configuring Amazon S3 Lifecycle policies to transition objects between storage classes. The data is accessed frequently for the first 30 days, then rarely for the next 90 days, after which it must be archived. The engineer wants to minimize costs while ensuring immediate retrieval for the first 30 days. Which lifecycle policy should the engineer implement?

A data engineer needs to store a large number of small files (each a few KB) from IoT sensors. The data is written once and never modified. The primary requirement is high write throughput and low latency for writes. Which storage solution is most suitable?

A company uses Amazon Redshift for analytics. A data engineer notices that queries are slow due to high disk usage on the compute nodes. The engineer needs to reclaim disk space without interrupting ongoing queries. Which action should the engineer take?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data lake must support both batch and streaming ingestion. Which TWO AWS services can ingest data directly into S3? (Choose TWO.)

A company is migrating an on-premises Apache Hadoop cluster to Amazon EMR. The data is stored in HDFS and must be moved to Amazon S3. Which THREE considerations are important when designing the migration? (Choose THREE.)

A data engineer is setting up Amazon S3 bucket policies for a data lake. Which TWO statements are true regarding S3 bucket policies? (Choose TWO.)

A data engineer applies the above IAM policy to a user. The user attempts to upload an object to the bucket 'my-data-lake' without specifying server-side encryption. What will happen?

A data engineer runs the above CLI command to describe the DynamoDB table 'Orders'. The table has a partition key 'OrderID' and sort key 'CustomerID'. Which query operation is most efficient for retrieving all orders for a specific customer?

A data engineer is troubleshooting an access denied error when an AWS Lambda function tries to decrypt an object encrypted with the KMS key 'abc123'. The Lambda function's execution role has the above policy attached. What is the likely cause of the error?

A company uses Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ deployment. The database experiences high write latency during peak hours. The application uses InnoDB tables. Which action would reduce write latency without changing the application code?

A data engineering team needs to store log files for 90 days with immediate access, then archive them for 7 years with infrequent access. Which S3 storage class configuration meets these requirements cost-effectively?

A company wants to store data from thousands of IoT devices with varying data rates. The data must be stored in a schema-on-read fashion and support SQL queries. Which AWS service should be used?

A company runs a data warehouse on Amazon Redshift. Queries are slow, and the team suspects data distribution is skewed. Which approach would best help identify distribution skew?

A company needs to store JSON documents that are frequently read and written by a web application. The data must be highly available and durable across multiple Availability Zones. Which AWS database service meets these requirements?

A company is migrating an on-premises MongoDB database to Amazon DocumentDB. The migration must have minimal downtime. Which service should be used to perform the migration?

A company uses Amazon Redshift for analytics. The data engineering team wants to improve query performance for frequently used aggregate queries. Which TWO actions would help achieve this?

A company stores sensitive data in Amazon S3. The security team requires encryption at rest and that the encryption keys are managed by the company using AWS KMS. The data is frequently accessed by multiple AWS services. Which THREE steps should be taken to meet these requirements?

A company is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data includes CSV files, Parquet files, and images. The data engineering team needs to catalog the metadata and enable SQL queries. Which TWO AWS services should be used together?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB for a gaming application. The application experiences throttling during peak hours. The table's read and write capacity is provisioned. Which TWO actions can reduce throttling?

A company is migrating a large Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The migration must have minimal downtime and preserve data consistency. Which THREE AWS services or features should be used?

A company needs to store log files from multiple applications in a centralized location. The logs are written once and accessed rarely after 30 days. The company must retain logs for 5 years. Which TWO actions meet these requirements cost-effectively?

A company is using Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ deployment. They notice that during a recent failover test, the application experienced a brief write outage. The application uses a connection string that points to the RDS instance endpoint. What is the MOST likely cause of the write outage?

A data engineer needs to store semi-structured JSON files that are accessed infrequently but must be retrievable within minutes. The data is immutable and must be stored cost-effectively. Which AWS service should the engineer use?

A company runs an Apache Spark job on Amazon EMR that writes output to an S3 bucket. The job fails with the error 'S3AccessDeniedException' when writing the final output, but earlier stages succeed. The EMR cluster uses a service role and an instance profile. The S3 bucket policy allows access from the VPC only. What is the MOST likely cause?

A media company stores large video files in Amazon S3 and uses Amazon CloudFront for content delivery. Users in different regions report slow download speeds for popular content. The data engineer needs to improve performance while minimizing cost. Which solution should the engineer implement?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data includes customer PII that must be encrypted at rest. The company also requires that the encryption keys be rotated automatically every year. Which encryption solution should the engineer use?

A company is running a production Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL database. The database experiences high write latency during peak hours. The data engineer suspects that the issue is due to a large number of small transactions. Which action would MOST effectively reduce write latency?

A data engineer is migrating an on-premises Apache Hive data warehouse to Amazon EMR. The warehouse contains partitioned tables stored in HDFS. The engineer wants to use Amazon S3 as the storage layer for the EMR cluster. What is the MOST important consideration for maintaining query performance on S3?

A company needs to store application log files for 90 days for compliance. The logs are generated continuously and are rarely accessed after 30 days. The data engineer must minimize storage costs. Which storage solution should the engineer choose?

A company is using Amazon DynamoDB with on-demand capacity for a gaming application that experiences unpredictable traffic spikes. The application consistently sees 'ProvisionedThroughputExceededException' errors during spikes. The data engineer needs to resolve this issue without changing the application code. What should the engineer do?

A company is designing a data store for IoT sensor data that is written once and never updated. The data must be stored with high durability and low cost. Which TWO AWS storage services are most suitable? (Choose TWO.)

A company is using Amazon Redshift for a data warehouse. The data engineer needs to improve query performance for a table that is frequently joined with other tables on a specific column. Which THREE actions would help improve join performance? (Choose THREE.)

A data engineer is setting up an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The database must be highly available and automatically failover in case of an AZ outage. Which TWO configurations should the engineer enable? (Choose TWO.)

A data engineer applies the bucket policy shown in the exhibit to an S3 bucket. The bucket contains sensitive data that must be encrypted at rest and accessed only over HTTPS. Which of the following statements is true?

A data engineer runs the AWS CLI command shown in the exhibit to list objects in an S3 bucket. The command returns only two objects even though the bucket contains thousands of objects under the prefix. What should the engineer do to retrieve the next batch of objects?

A data engineer deploys the CloudFormation template shown in the exhibit. After 60 days, what will be the storage class of objects in the bucket?

A company is using Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL and wants to minimize downtime during a major version upgrade. Which approach best meets this requirement?

A data engineer needs to store semi-structured JSON logs from an application for up to 30 days, with infrequent access. Which storage solution is the most cost-effective?

A company has an Amazon DynamoDB table with a provisioned write capacity of 1000 WCU. During a flash sale, the write traffic spikes to 5000 WCU for 10 minutes. The table is not auto-scaled. Which action should the data engineer take to handle the spike without throttling?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3 and needs to ensure that objects are automatically encrypted at rest using server-side encryption with AWS KMS. Which bucket policy statement achieves this?

A company uses Amazon Redshift for its data warehouse. The data engineer notices that queries are slow on a large table that is frequently filtered on a column 'transaction_date'. Which optimization technique best improves query performance?

A data engineer is migrating an on-premises MongoDB database to Amazon DocumentDB. Which migration strategy minimizes downtime?

A company needs to store files that are accessed by multiple EC2 instances in a VPC. The files must be concurrently accessible and durable. Which storage solution should the data engineer choose?

A data engineer is troubleshooting an Amazon RDS for MySQL instance that is experiencing high read latency. The instance is a Single-AZ db.r5.large with 100 GB of General Purpose (gp2) storage. Which action is most likely to reduce read latency?

A company is building a real-time analytics dashboard using Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and Amazon DynamoDB. The data engineer needs to ensure that the DynamoDB table can handle write spikes without throttling. Which approach is the most cost-effective?

Which TWO actions are recommended for securing data at rest in Amazon S3? (Choose two.)

Which THREE factors should a data engineer consider when choosing between Amazon Redshift and Amazon Athena for querying large datasets in Amazon S3? (Choose three.)

Which TWO features of Amazon DynamoDB help ensure high availability and durability? (Choose two.)

A company stores sensitive user data in an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance. A security audit requires that all data be encrypted at rest. The database is currently unencrypted. What is the MOST operationally efficient way to enable encryption at rest?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3 for storing raw sensor data. The data is append-only and accessed infrequently after 30 days. Compliance requires that data be retained for 7 years. Which S3 storage class is the MOST cost-effective for data older than 30 days?

A company uses Amazon EMR to process large datasets stored in Amazon S3. The cluster uses a transient configuration and stores intermediate data on HDFS. After a job fails due to a spot instance termination, the data engineer needs to rerun the job. What should the engineer do to minimize data loss and cost?

A data engineer is migrating an on-premises Apache Cassandra cluster to Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra). The cluster has 10 TB of data. The migration must minimize application downtime. Which strategy should the engineer use?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB to store session data for a web application. The application experiences sudden spikes in traffic, causing occasional throttling errors. The data engineer needs to handle these spikes without over-provisioning capacity. What is the MOST cost-effective solution?

A data engineer is designing a data warehouse using Amazon Redshift. The workload includes complex queries that join large tables. The engineer notices that queries are slow due to disk-based operations. Which configuration change would MOST improve query performance?

A company uses Amazon S3 to store historical financial records. A compliance policy requires that all objects be encrypted with a customer-managed key stored in AWS KMS. The bucket is already configured with SSE-S3. What is the LEAST disruptive way to change the encryption to SSE-KMS?

A data engineer needs to store JSON documents that are accessed by a serverless application using AWS Lambda. The documents are frequently updated and need low latency (single-digit milliseconds) for read and write operations. Which AWS service should the engineer use?

A company runs a critical application on Amazon RDS for MySQL that requires a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of 5 minutes and a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of 1 hour. The database is 500 GB. What is the MOST cost-effective disaster recovery solution that meets these requirements?

A data engineer is designing a data storage solution for IoT sensor data that is ingested at high velocity. The data is time-series and needs to be queried by time range. Which TWO AWS services are suitable for this use case? (Choose TWO)

A company is migrating an on-premises Apache Hadoop cluster to Amazon EMR. The cluster uses HDFS for storage. Which THREE features of Amazon EMR help reduce storage costs compared to on-premises HDFS? (Choose THREE)

A data engineer is evaluating storage options for a new application that requires low-latency access to unstructured blobs (up to 5 TB each) with high throughput. The data will be accessed frequently for the first 30 days and then rarely. Which TWO storage solutions meet these requirements? (Choose TWO)

A company is using an RDS for PostgreSQL instance and wants to minimize downtime during a major version upgrade. Which approach should be taken?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data is accessed frequently for the first 30 days, then rarely after that. The engineer needs to minimize storage costs while ensuring data is available within minutes for the first 30 days and can be retrieved within 12 hours after that. Which lifecycle policy should be applied?

A company uses DynamoDB with provisioned capacity and experiences throttling on a table during peak hours. The data engineer notices that the table has a partition key with high cardinality and the workload is read-heavy. Which action would best resolve the throttling?

A data engineer needs to store semi-structured JSON logs from multiple sources in a centralized data store for querying using SQL. The logs are immutable and need to be retained for 90 days. Which AWS service should be used?

A company uses Amazon Redshift for analytics. The data engineer notices that queries are slow due to many small inserts. Which technique would improve write performance?

A data engineer is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The database is 5 TB in size and has a 1 Gbps network connection. The migration must be completed within 48 hours. Which service should be used?

A company uses Amazon S3 to store sensitive data. The security team requires that all data be encrypted at rest using a customer-managed key that is rotated annually. Which encryption option should be used?

A data engineer is troubleshooting a slow-running query on Amazon Redshift. The query scans a large table but returns few rows. Which diagnostic step should be taken first?

A company uses DynamoDB with global tables in two AWS Regions. The data engineer observes that a write to the table in us-east-1 is not immediately visible in a read from eu-west-1. What is the most likely reason?

A data engineer needs to store event data from IoT devices that arrives in bursts. The data is key-value and requires single-digit millisecond read and write latency. The engineer also needs to run complex analytical queries on the data for reporting. Which TWO services should be used together? (Choose TWO.)

A company is using Amazon S3 for a data lake. The data engineer needs to ensure that all new objects are automatically encrypted with a customer-managed KMS key and that the bucket policy enforces encryption. Which THREE steps should be taken? (Choose THREE.)

A company uses Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ deployment. The primary instance fails, and automatic failover occurs. After failover, the data engineer notices that the new primary instance has a different DNS endpoint. Which TWO statements are true about this scenario? (Choose TWO.)

Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer is troubleshooting write throttling on the Orders table. The table has a composite primary key (OrderID as partition key, CustomerID as sort key). The engineer notices that writes are throttled even though the write capacity is not fully utilized. What is the most likely cause?

Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer has attached this bucket policy to an S3 bucket named data-lake-bucket. The engineer wants to allow only GET requests from the corporate network (10.0.0.0/16) over HTTPS. However, users report that they cannot access objects even when connected to the corporate network. What is the issue?

Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer needs to connect to the Redshift cluster from an EC2 instance in the same VPC. The engineer can ping the EC2 instance but cannot connect to Redshift using the endpoint address and port 5439. What is the most likely cause?

A data engineer needs to store semi-structured JSON logs from multiple microservices in a cost-effective manner for ad-hoc querying using SQL. Which AWS service should be used?

A company uses Amazon S3 as its data lake. A data engineer needs to enforce encryption of data at rest using server-side encryption with AWS KMS. Which S3 bucket property should be configured?

A data engineer notices that an Amazon Redshift cluster’s storage usage is increasing rapidly due to many UPDATE and DELETE operations. The engineer needs to reclaim storage space and improve query performance. Which action should be taken?

A company wants to store historical financial data for 7 years with immediate access for the first year and then infrequent access. After 7 years, the data must be automatically deleted. Which S3 lifecycle policy should be configured?

A data engineer is designing a data store for real-time analytics on high-velocity clickstream data. The data must be stored in a schema-on-read format and support SQL queries with sub-second latency. Which service should be used?

A data engineer is troubleshooting an Amazon Redshift cluster that is running out of disk space. The engineer runs STV_PARTITIONS and notices that some slices have significantly more data than others. What is the most likely cause and solution?

A data engineer needs to store transaction data that requires strong consistency, ACID transactions, and complex join queries. Which AWS service is most appropriate?

A company has an S3 bucket with millions of objects. The data engineer needs to identify which objects are not accessed for 90 days to move them to a lower-cost storage class. Which feature should be used?

A data engineer is designing a multi-Region disaster recovery solution for an Amazon DynamoDB table. The table must be available in a secondary Region with minimal data loss and automatic failover. Which feature should be used?

Which TWO statements are true about Amazon S3 bucket policies and ACLs?

Which THREE factors should be considered when choosing a partition key for an Amazon DynamoDB table?

Which TWO data stores are considered fully managed, serverless, and suitable for storing JSON documents?

A company is using Amazon DynamoDB for a high-traffic web application. They notice increased read latency during peak hours. Which design change would best reduce read latency without increasing cost?

A data engineer needs to store semi-structured JSON transaction logs for analytics. The logs are written once and rarely accessed. The storage must be cost-effective. Which AWS service should be used?

A company uses Amazon Redshift for a data warehouse. They notice that queries are slow due to heavy data skew. Which optimization technique should be applied first?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data includes sensitive customer information that must be encrypted at rest. Which combination of actions meets this requirement with minimal operational overhead?

A company has a DynamoDB table with a partition key of 'user_id' and a sort key of 'timestamp'. They need to query all items for a user within a date range. Which query operation should be used?

A data engineer needs to store streaming data from IoT devices for real-time analytics. The data has a fixed schema and requires low-latency queries. Which AWS service should be used?

A company stores financial data in Amazon RDS for MySQL. They need to retain backups for 7 years to meet compliance. Which backup strategy meets this requirement?

A data engineer is designing a multi-region disaster recovery solution for Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The primary region must have a standby in a different Availability Zone, and the secondary region must have a readable replica that can be promoted in case of failure. Which configuration meets these requirements?

A company stores log files in Amazon S3. They want to automatically move logs older than 90 days to S3 Glacier Deep Archive to reduce costs. Which S3 feature should be used?

Which TWO actions can help optimize Amazon S3 storage costs for a data lake? (Choose two.)

Which THREE considerations are important when designing a DynamoDB table for high-traffic gaming leaderboards? (Choose three.)

Which TWO statements about Amazon Redshift data distribution are correct? (Choose two.)

Refer to the exhibit. An IAM policy is attached to a user. The user cannot upload objects to the S3 bucket 'example-bucket' using the AWS CLI. What is the most likely cause?

Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer ran the CLI command to check the configuration of an RDS instance named 'mydb'. Which statement accurately describes the current configuration?

Refer to the exhibit. A DynamoDB table 'Orders' has a GSI 'CustomerDateIndex'. A developer tries to query the GSI for all orders of a customer between two dates. The query fails. What is the most likely reason?

A company is using Amazon S3 to store critical data and needs to ensure that objects are automatically transitioned to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 180 days to reduce costs. Which S3 lifecycle action should be configured?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data is accessed frequently for the first 30 days, then rarely after that. Compliance requires that data be retained for 7 years. What is the MOST cost-effective storage strategy?

A company runs an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database. To meet disaster recovery requirements, they set up a cross-Region read replica. The replica has been lagging by several minutes. Which action is MOST effective to reduce the replica lag?

A company is using Amazon DynamoDB for a gaming application. They want to store player session data that expires after 24 hours. Which DynamoDB feature should be used?

A data engineer is migrating an on-premises Apache HBase workload to Amazon DynamoDB. The application requires strongly consistent reads and the ability to query by a composite key (partition key + sort key). Which DynamoDB table design should be used?

A company has an Amazon Redshift cluster that stores petabytes of data. Queries are experiencing high disk usage due to large intermediate results. The data engineer needs to improve query performance without adding more nodes. Which action should the engineer take?

A company is using Amazon S3 to store sensitive data. They need to ensure that all objects are encrypted at rest. Which combination of actions should be taken? (Choose TWO.)

A company uses Amazon Redshift for analytics. They notice that some queries are slow due to data redistribution. The data engineer wants to minimize data movement across nodes. Which table design strategy should be used? (Choose TWO.)

A company is using Amazon S3 for data lake storage. They need to query the data directly using SQL without loading it into a database. Which AWS service should be used?

A company is using Amazon DynamoDB for an e-commerce application. The application experiences sudden spikes in traffic, causing throttling errors. The data engineer needs to handle the spikes cost-effectively. Which solution should be used?

A data engineer reviews this IAM policy attached to an S3 bucket. What is the effect of this policy?

A data engineer runs this CLI command. Which query is MOST efficient against this table?

A data engineer sees this AWS Glue table definition in the Data Catalog. The engineer wants to query this table with Amazon Athena, but the query returns zero rows. What is the MOST likely cause?

A CloudFormation template includes this IAM policy for a cross-account S3 upload use case. What is the purpose of the condition?

A company is using Amazon RDS for MySQL and needs to automate backups with a retention period of 35 days. They also want to be able to restore to any point within the retention period. Which configuration should be used?

A company is storing sensitive user data in an Amazon S3 bucket. The security team requires that all data be encrypted at rest using a customer-managed key stored in AWS KMS. The bucket policy must deny any PUT request that does not include the appropriate encryption header. Which bucket policy condition key should be used?

A data engineer needs to set up a new Amazon RDS for MySQL database for a web application. The application experiences variable read traffic and requires low read latency. The engineer needs to minimize downtime during maintenance and provide read scalability. Which configuration meets these requirements?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data is partitioned by year, month, day, and hour. The engineer needs to ensure that queries using Amazon Athena are cost-effective and performant. The data is written in Parquet format, and the total volume is 50 TB. Which approach minimizes query costs?

An e-commerce company uses Amazon DynamoDB as the primary data store for its product catalog. The table has a simple primary key (ProductID) and handles 10,000 writes per second during peak hours. Recently, the engineering team noticed increased write latency and throttled requests during peak times. The table's provisioned write capacity is set to 12,000 WCU. What is the most likely cause of the throttling?

A data engineer needs to store semi-structured JSON logs from multiple microservices in a cost-effective manner for later analysis using Amazon Athena. The logs are generated continuously, and the total volume is about 1 TB per day. The data must be queryable within minutes of arrival. Which storage solution is most appropriate?

A data engineer ran the command shown in the exhibit on the bucket 'my-data-lake'. The engineer then tries to delete an object version but receives an 'AccessDenied' error. The engineer has full S3 permissions via IAM. What is the most likely reason for the error?

A company is migrating its on-premises Oracle database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. The database is 2 TB in size and has a 24-hour maintenance window. The migration must have minimal downtime. Which AWS service should be used for the migration?

A data engineer created the IAM policy shown in the exhibit. The engineer then attempts to upload an object to 'my-bucket' using the AWS CLI with the command: aws s3 cp file.txt s3://my-bucket/ --sse aws:kms. The upload fails with an 'AccessDenied' error. What is the most likely cause?

A data engineer is configuring an Amazon S3 lifecycle policy to transition objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 90 days. The bucket receives new objects daily. The engineer wants to ensure that objects are not deleted before 90 days. Which lifecycle action should be used?

A financial services company is designing a data store for transaction records that must be immutable and auditable. The data must be stored for 7 years. Which AWS services can be combined to meet these requirements? (Choose TWO.)

A data engineer is troubleshooting slow query performance on an Amazon Redshift cluster. The cluster has 10 nodes and is using automatic distribution style. The engineer suspects that data distribution is causing excessive data movement. Which steps should the engineer take to diagnose and resolve the issue? (Choose THREE.)

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB for a gaming leaderboard. The table has a primary key of GameId (partition key) and Score (sort key). The application needs to retrieve the top 10 scores for a given game. Which strategies can improve query performance? (Choose TWO.)

A data engineer is designing a data store for a real-time analytics application that requires sub-millisecond read and write latency. The data is accessed via a REST API. Which AWS services should the engineer consider? (Choose THREE.)

A data engineer reviewed the S3 lifecycle policy shown in the exhibit. The engineer notices that objects under the 'logs/' prefix are being deleted after 365 days. The business requirement is to retain logs for at least 5 years. What should the engineer change in the lifecycle policy?

A data engineer runs the describe-table command shown in the exhibit. The application frequently queries by CustomerID alone. Currently, these queries result in full table scans. Which action should the engineer take to improve query performance?

A data engineer is troubleshooting a slow Amazon Redshift query that joins several large tables. The query plan shows a large number of broadcasts. Which design change would most likely reduce the broadcast operations?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB with provisioned capacity. During a sales event, write traffic spikes and some requests receive ProvisionedThroughputExceeded exceptions. The reads are within limits. The data engineer needs to minimize latency for the spike without manual intervention. Which solution is MOST cost-effective?

A data engineer needs to store semi-structured JSON log files from multiple sources and query them using SQL. The data is rarely updated and access frequency is low. Which storage solution is MOST cost-effective?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data consists of sensitive personally identifiable information (PII) that must be encrypted at rest. The company requires that encryption keys be rotated every 90 days and that access to the keys be logged. Which encryption solution meets these requirements?

A company uses Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ deployment. During a recent failover, the application experienced a brief outage because it cached the old database endpoint. Which solution would minimize application disruption during future failovers?

A data engineer needs to store time-series sensor data from thousands of IoT devices. The data is written once, read frequently for the last 24 hours, and rarely accessed after 30 days. Which storage solution is MOST cost-effective?

A company is migrating an on-premises Apache Cassandra database to Amazon Keyspaces. The database has a table with a partition key of 'user_id' and a clustering column of 'timestamp'. The application frequently queries the last 10 records for a given user. Which table design in Keyspaces would provide the BEST query performance for this access pattern?

A data engineer notices that an Amazon Redshift cluster's storage utilization has grown unexpectedly. The cluster uses automatic compression and has a mix of fact and dimension tables. The engineer runs VACUUM and ANALYZE, but storage does not decrease. Which action is most likely to reduce storage consumption?

A company uses Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The data engineer needs to ensure that the database is automatically backed up and that backups are retained for 35 days. What is the simplest way to achieve this?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3 that will be accessed by multiple AWS Glue ETL jobs. The engineer needs to ensure that the data is organized efficiently for querying and that sensitive columns are masked for certain users. Which TWO actions should the engineer take? (Choose TWO.)

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB for a gaming application that requires single-digit millisecond read and write latencies. The application experiences throttling on the 'GameScores' table during peak hours. The table has a partition key of 'game_id' and a sort key of 'player_id'. The data engineer needs to improve performance without changing the table's provisioned capacity. Which THREE actions should the engineer take? (Choose THREE.)

A data engineer is migrating an on-premises Microsoft SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server. The database is 2 TB in size and has a 4-hour maintenance window. The company needs to minimize downtime and ensure data consistency. Which TWO methods should the engineer use? (Choose TWO.)

A company stores sensitive customer data in Amazon S3. The security team requires that all objects be encrypted at rest using server-side encryption with customer-provided keys (SSE-C). Which bucket policy condition will enforce this requirement?

A data engineer needs to store semi-structured JSON data for a real-time analytics application. The data will be queried using SQL-like statements and must support high-speed ingestion with minimal latency. Which AWS service is best suited for this use case?

A company is running a MySQL database on Amazon RDS. The database size is 2 TB, and the company needs to migrate it to Amazon Aurora MySQL with minimal downtime. Which migration strategy is most appropriate?

A data engineer notices that an Amazon Redshift cluster is experiencing slow query performance. The engineer suspects that tables are not properly sorted. Which diagnostic query should the engineer run to identify unsorted rows?

A company is using Amazon S3 as a data lake. The data engineer needs to ensure that all objects uploaded to a specific bucket are automatically replicated to a bucket in another AWS Region for disaster recovery. Which configuration should the engineer implement?

A company is using Amazon DynamoDB for a gaming application with high read and write throughput. The data engineer notices that the read latency is high during peak hours. The table has a partition key only (no sort key). The engineer wants to improve read performance by distributing reads across partitions more evenly. Which action should the engineer take?

A data engineer needs to store and analyze time-series data from IoT devices. The data volume is 10 GB per day, and the queries are mostly on the most recent 7 days of data. The engineer wants to minimize storage costs while retaining historical data for 1 year. Which combination of AWS services is most cost-effective?

A company is using Amazon EMR to process large datasets stored in Amazon S3. The data engineer wants to reduce the time it takes to read data from S3 by optimizing the data format. Which file format should the engineer recommend?

A company is using Amazon Redshift for data warehousing. The data engineer notices that the STL_ALERT_EVENT_LOG table shows many 'missing statistics' alerts. What is the best course of action to address this issue?

Which TWO options are valid ways to encrypt data at rest in Amazon S3? (Choose two.)

Which THREE of the following are benefits of using Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)? (Choose three.)

Which TWO actions can help improve query performance in Amazon Redshift? (Choose two.)

An IAM policy is attached to a user who tries to upload an object to the S3 bucket example-bucket using the AWS CLI without specifying the --server-side-encryption flag. What will happen?

A company runs a real-time analytics platform on Amazon ECS that ingests streaming data from Amazon Kinesis Data Streams, processes it, and stores results in Amazon DynamoDB. The data volume spikes unpredictably, causing DynamoDB to throttle write requests. The application uses on-demand capacity mode. The data engineer notices that the throttling occurs on a specific partition due to a hot key. The hot key is a customer ID that receives a disproportionate number of writes. The application cannot change the partition key design immediately. The engineer needs to reduce throttling while maintaining low latency. Which solution is most effective?

A data engineer is responsible for a data warehouse on Amazon Redshift that stores 5 TB of data. The engineer needs to load 50 GB of new data daily from Amazon S3 into Redshift. The current load process uses the COPY command and takes 2 hours, which is within the maintenance window. However, the engineer wants to optimize the load time and reduce the impact on concurrent queries. The engineer notices that the tables are not distributed evenly across the slices. The cluster has 4 nodes of dc2.large. Which approach will best improve load performance?

A company is using Amazon RDS for MySQL with Multi-AZ deployment. The database experiences intermittent slowdowns during peak hours. The company's DevOps team suspects that the primary instance is overwhelmed. Which action should the team take to distribute the read load without changing the application code?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data is ingested from multiple sources and stored in a partitioned structure under the 'landing' prefix. The engineer needs to ensure that only authorized applications can write to the 'landing' zone, while all AWS accounts in the organization can read the data. Which combination of S3 bucket policies and IAM policies should be used?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB as its primary data store for a web application. The application experiences high latency during peak hours. The data engineer notices that the table has a large number of items with the same partition key. Which DynamoDB feature should the engineer use to improve performance?

A data engineer needs to store semi-structured JSON data that is accessed infrequently but must be retrievable within minutes. The data is generated by IoT devices and each object is about 500 KB. The engineer wants the most cost-effective storage solution. Which AWS service should be used?

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The database is 2 TB in size. The migration must have minimal downtime. Which approach should the data engineer use?

A data engineer is designing a data store for a real-time analytics application that requires sub-millisecond read and write latency. The data is key-value in nature and the workload is both read-heavy and write-heavy. Which AWS service is most suitable?

A company uses Amazon Redshift for its data warehouse. The data engineer notices that queries are running slower than expected. The system administrator reports that the cluster's disk space is 80% full. Which action should the engineer take to improve query performance?

A data engineer is setting up an Amazon S3 bucket for storing sensitive financial data. The compliance team requires that all data be encrypted at rest using a customer-managed AWS KMS key. Additionally, the bucket must block public access. Which combination of settings should the engineer configure?

A data engineer needs to store log files from multiple applications in a centralized location. The logs are generated in JSON format and each log entry is about 1 KB. The engineer needs to query the logs occasionally using SQL-like queries. Which AWS service is most appropriate?

A data engineer is designing a disaster recovery plan for an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The database must be recoverable within 1 hour in a different AWS Region. Which TWO actions should the engineer take?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB to store session data for a web application. The application experiences throttling during peak hours. The data engineer needs to reduce throttling. Which THREE actions should the engineer take?

A data engineer is migrating a large Oracle data warehouse to Amazon Redshift. The engineer needs to ensure optimal performance. Which TWO practices should the engineer follow?

A company runs an e-commerce platform on AWS. The product catalog is stored in Amazon DynamoDB with a table that has a partition key of 'product_id' and a sort key of 'category'. The application frequently queries products by category and by product_id. Recently, the operations team noticed that read latency has increased significantly for queries that filter by category. The DynamoDB table has auto scaling enabled. The data engineer examines the CloudWatch metrics and sees that the ReadThrottleEvents metric is non-zero for the table, but the consumed read capacity is well below the provisioned limit. The table has a global secondary index (GSI) on the 'category' attribute. Which action is most likely to resolve the latency issue?

A media company stores video metadata in Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The database is 500 GB and experiences high write traffic. The data engineer notices that the transaction log (WAL) is growing rapidly, causing storage issues. The company needs to retain backups for 30 days for compliance. The database is currently using automated backups with a retention period of 7 days. Which solution should the engineer implement to address the WAL growth while meeting compliance requirements?

A startup uses Amazon S3 to store user-uploaded images. The images are accessed frequently for the first week after upload, but after that they are rarely accessed. The company wants to optimize storage costs without compromising availability. The data engineer must implement a lifecycle policy to transition objects to a more cost-effective storage class after 30 days. The objects must be retrievable within minutes. Which storage class should the engineer transition the objects to?

A company is using an Amazon RDS for MySQL database for its e-commerce platform. During a recent flash sale, the database experienced high read traffic, causing slow query performance. The company needs a solution that offloads read traffic with minimal application changes. Which action should be taken?

A data engineering team is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. They need to store raw data in its original format and transformed data in Parquet. The data is accessed by multiple analytics services, including Amazon Athena and Amazon Redshift Spectrum. Compliance requirements mandate that all data be encrypted at rest with AWS KMS and that the encryption keys be rotated every 90 days. Which S3 bucket configuration meets these requirements?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB as the primary data store for a gaming application. The application stores user profiles and game state. During peak hours, the application experiences throttling on writes to the UserProfiles table. The table's read capacity is underutilized. Which solution should resolve the write throttling?

A company is running a data warehouse on Amazon Redshift. The data engineering team notices that query performance has degraded over time. They suspect that data distribution is causing excessive data movement between nodes. The table is joined frequently on the customer_id column. Which column should be chosen as the distribution key to optimize join performance?

A company uses Amazon S3 to store sensitive financial data. The security team requires that all objects be encrypted at rest using AWS KMS with a customer-managed key. Additionally, they want to audit all KMS decrypt calls for compliance. Which configuration should be used to meet these requirements?

A data engineer needs to store time-series data from IoT devices. The data is write-heavy and requires low-latency queries by device ID and timestamp. The data volume is expected to grow to terabytes. Which AWS database service is most suitable?

A company is migrating its on-premises Oracle database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL. The migration must have minimal downtime. The source database is 2 TB and runs on a single server. Which AWS service should be used for the migration?

A company is using Amazon DynamoDB with auto scaling enabled. During a marketing campaign, write traffic spikes, and some write requests fail with ProvisionedThroughputExceededException. The auto scaling policy has a target utilization of 70% and a maximum capacity that is high enough. What is the most likely cause of the throttling?

A company is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data engineering team needs to implement a lifecycle policy to manage costs. Which TWO actions should be taken to reduce storage costs?

A company is using Amazon Redshift for its data warehouse. The data engineering team needs to improve query performance for a large fact table that is frequently joined with multiple dimension tables. Which THREE strategies should be considered?

A data engineer is setting up Amazon S3 bucket policies for a data lake. The security team requires that all objects uploaded to the bucket be encrypted at rest using server-side encryption. Which TWO methods can enforce encryption at upload time?

A data engineer runs the AWS CLI command to retrieve the lifecycle configuration of the 'my-data-lake' bucket. The output is shown in the exhibit. What is the effect of this lifecycle policy?

A company runs a real-time analytics platform on AWS. Data is ingested from thousands of IoT devices into Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. A Lambda function consumes the stream, processes the data, and writes the results to an Amazon DynamoDB table. The DynamoDB table has a provisioned write capacity of 1000 WCU, and the read capacity is set to 200 RCU. Recently, the company noticed that the Lambda function is failing with ProvisionedThroughputExceededException on DynamoDB writes. The Lambda function is configured with a batch size of 100 and a concurrency limit of 10. The Kinesis shard count is 4. The number of devices has increased, but the data volume per device has remained the same. The company needs to resolve the write throttling without increasing the DynamoDB write capacity. Which action should the data engineer take?

A company stores its application logs in Amazon S3. The logs are generated daily and need to be retained for 3 years for compliance. The logs are accessed frequently for the first 30 days, occasionally for the next 6 months, and rarely after that. The data engineering team wants to minimize storage costs while ensuring that logs are available for retrieval within 12 hours for the first 6 months and within 48 hours after that. The team also wants to automatically delete logs after 3 years. Which lifecycle policy should the team implement?

A company is migrating its on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The database is 5 TB in size and supports a critical application that requires less than 30 minutes of downtime. The company has a 1 Gbps network connection to AWS. The data engineering team plans to use AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with change data capture (CDC) to keep the target in sync. During the full load phase, DMS is taking longer than expected, and the team is concerned about meeting the downtime window. Which action should the team take to speed up the full load?

A data engineering team is designing a data lake on Amazon S3 for storing sensor data from IoT devices. The data is written in near real-time and needs to be queried using Amazon Athena. Which TWO configurations should the team implement to optimize query performance and minimize costs?

A data engineer is troubleshooting an AWS Glue ETL job that reads from an S3 bucket and writes to a DynamoDB table. The job fails with an AccessDeniedException. The IAM role attached to the Glue job has the policy shown in the exhibit. Which TWO additional permissions are required to resolve the issue?

A data engineering team is migrating a MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. They need to ensure high availability and automated failover. Which THREE configurations should they implement?

A company uses Amazon S3 to store historical stock market data as CSV files. They run daily Amazon Athena queries to generate reports. Recently, the finance team reported that queries are timing out and costs have increased significantly. The data engineering team notices that the S3 bucket contains thousands of small files (average 100 KB) due to a misconfigured ingestion pipeline. They need to improve query performance and reduce costs without changing the existing reporting schedule. The team has access to AWS Glue and can create new tables. Which solution should they implement?

A data engineering team is building a real-time analytics pipeline using Amazon Kinesis Data Streams, AWS Lambda, and Amazon DynamoDB. The Lambda function consumes records from the stream and writes aggregated data to a DynamoDB table. The application requires that each record be processed exactly once to avoid duplicates. The Lambda function is idempotent, but occasionally duplicate records are written due to retries from Kinesis. The team needs to ensure exactly-once semantics for DynamoDB writes. Which solution should they implement?

A company uses Amazon Redshift for its data warehouse. The data engineering team loads data daily from Amazon S3 using COPY commands. Recently, the load performance has degraded because the S3 bucket contains many small files. The team needs to optimize the COPY operation to improve performance. Which approach should they take?

A data engineering team is managing an Amazon DynamoDB table that stores user session data. The table has a primary key of user_id (partition key) and session_id (sort key). The application performs strongly consistent reads on individual items. The team notices that read latency increases during peak hours. They suspect that the table is experiencing hot partitions. The team needs to improve read performance without changing the application code. Which solution should they implement?

A data team uses the CloudFormation template in the exhibit to create an S3 bucket for storing log files. After one year, they notice that the bucket size is larger than expected. They investigate and find that older versions of objects are not being deleted or transitioned. What is the most likely cause?

A company is migrating its on-premises Oracle data warehouse to Amazon Redshift. The data engineering team needs to load data from Oracle to Redshift using AWS DMS (Database Migration Service). The source database is 2 TB in size. The team wants to minimize downtime and ensure data consistency during full load. Which approach should they take?

A data engineering team is using Amazon EMR to process large datasets stored in Amazon S3. The cluster uses Spot Instances for cost savings. During processing, the team notices that tasks are failing due to Spot Instance interruptions. The team needs to make the EMR job resilient to Spot interruptions without increasing costs significantly. Which solution should they implement?

A data engineering team is responsible for an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL instance that stores financial data. The database is 500 GB in size. The team needs to create a read replica in a different AWS Region for disaster recovery. The source database has automated backups enabled with a retention period of 7 days. The team initiates the cross-region read replica creation. After several hours, the replica status shows 'Replication Lag' of 30 minutes and is increasing. What should the team do to reduce the replication lag?

A data engineering team is using AWS Glue to catalog data in an S3 data lake. They have a Glue crawler that runs daily to update the Data Catalog. Recently, they noticed that the crawler is taking longer to run and sometimes fails because of a timeout. The team suspects the issue is due to the large number of small files in the S3 bucket. They need to improve crawler performance and reliability. Which solution should they implement?

A company uses Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver streaming data to an Amazon S3 bucket. The data is JSON and each record is about 2 KB. The delivery stream is configured to buffer incoming data to 5 MB or 60 seconds, whichever comes first. The data engineering team notices that the S3 bucket contains many small files (average 2 MB), which makes subsequent processing inefficient. They need to reduce the number of small files without increasing the latency beyond 5 minutes. Which solution should they implement?

A data engineering team is managing an Amazon Redshift cluster that is used for BI reporting. The cluster has a mix of large tables (some over 1 TB) and many smaller tables. The team notices that queries on a large fact table are slow. The fact table is distributed using KEY distribution on the customer_id column, which has high cardinality. The team wants to improve query performance. They have the option to change the distribution style and sort key. Which redesign should they implement?

A data engineering team is using Amazon DynamoDB to store time-series data for a monitoring application. The table has a primary key of device_id (partition key) and timestamp (sort key). The application queries data for a specific device over a time range. The team notices that read latency is high for devices that generate large amounts of data. They need to improve query performance. Which solution should they implement?

A company runs a MySQL-compatible Amazon Aurora database for its e-commerce platform. The database experiences high write latency during peak hours. The application performs frequent INSERT and UPDATE operations on a table with 50 million rows. The DB instance is db.r5.large with 500 GB of Provisioned IOPS storage. A recent performance analysis shows that the average queue depth is consistently above 32 and write latency exceeds 50 ms. The company needs to reduce write latency without changing the application code. What should a data engineer do?

A media company stores video files in an Amazon S3 bucket with S3 Standard storage class. The files are accessed frequently for the first 30 days, then rarely after that. However, the company must be able to restore any deleted file within 7 days. The company wants to minimize storage costs while meeting the access and retention requirements. What should a data engineer do?

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL database to Amazon RDS for MySQL. The database is 500 GB and has a 24/7 uptime requirement. The migration must minimize downtime. Which approach should be used?

A company stores sensitive customer data in Amazon S3. The security team requires that all data be encrypted at rest using server-side encryption with AWS KMS managed keys (SSE-KMS). Which S3 bucket policy condition will enforce this requirement?

A company is using Amazon DynamoDB with on-demand capacity for a gaming application. During a new game launch, write traffic spikes to 50,000 writes per second, but the application experiences throttling. The DynamoDB table has a partition key of 'game_id' and a sort key of 'timestamp'. What is the MOST likely cause of throttling?

A data engineer needs to store semi-structured JSON logs from AWS CloudTrail. The logs are append-only and rarely accessed after 90 days. Which storage solution is MOST cost-effective?

A company uses Amazon Redshift for data warehousing. The data engineering team notices that queries are slow due to high disk I/O. The team wants to improve query performance without changing the cluster configuration. Which action should the team take?

A company is using AWS Glue to run ETL jobs that write data to an Amazon S3 data lake. The jobs are failing with '503 Slow Down' errors. The data engineering team has already implemented retries. What is the BEST long-term solution?

A company wants to use Amazon Redshift Spectrum to query data in Amazon S3. The data is in Parquet format and partitioned by date. Which step is required to enable Redshift Spectrum?

A company is using Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL with Multi-AZ deployment. The primary instance fails and a failover occurs. After the failover, the application cannot connect to the database. What is the MOST likely cause?

A company is using Amazon ElastiCache for Redis to cache frequently accessed data. The cache hit ratio is low, and the engineering team suspects that the eviction policy is causing important data to be removed. Which eviction policy should be used to minimize eviction of the most frequently accessed keys?

A company is designing a data lake on Amazon S3 for analytics. The data includes sensitive personally identifiable information (PII). Which TWO actions should the company take to protect the data? (Choose TWO.)

A company is using Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to ingest real-time clickstream data. The data must be stored in Amazon S3 in near real-time with minimal overhead. Which THREE steps should the data engineer take to achieve this? (Choose THREE.)

A company is evaluating Amazon DynamoDB for a new application. The application requires single-digit millisecond latency for read and write operations. Which TWO DynamoDB features should the company enable to achieve this? (Choose TWO.)

The exhibit shows the lifecycle configuration for an S3 bucket. Objects in the bucket are 200 days old on average. What will happen to the objects?

An IAM role 'DataLakeRole' has the above S3 bucket policy attached to an S3 bucket. The role is assumed by an AWS Glue job. The Glue job is failing with 'Access Denied' errors when trying to list objects in the bucket. Which action should be added to the policy to fix the issue?

The exhibit shows the output of describe-table for a DynamoDB table. The application is experiencing throttling errors when reading data. What is the MOST likely cause?

A company is using Amazon S3 to store sensitive data. They need to automatically transition objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 90 days and delete them after 7 years. Which S3 lifecycle configuration action should be used?

A data engineer is designing a data store for a time-series application that requires sub-millisecond read latency for the latest data and high ingestion rates. Which AWS service is most suitable?

A company is migrating an on-premises Hadoop cluster to AWS. The data is stored in HDFS and needs to be accessible by both Amazon EMR and Amazon Redshift Spectrum. Which storage solution is most cost-effective and scalable?

A data engineer needs to store JSON documents that are frequently updated and require ACID transactions. Which AWS database service is most appropriate?

A company is using Amazon RDS for MySQL and needs to reduce read latency for a global user base. Which AWS feature should be implemented?

A data engineer is troubleshooting an Amazon Redshift cluster that is experiencing slow query performance. The engineer notices that the disk space is heavily utilized and queries are spilling to disk. What is the most cost-effective solution to improve performance?

A company needs to store streaming data from IoT devices with a retention period of 7 days for real-time analysis. Which AWS service is most suitable?

A company has an Amazon S3 bucket with versioning enabled. They want to automatically delete noncurrent versions of objects after 30 days. Which lifecycle rule action should be used?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data is frequently accessed by multiple analytics services, and the company needs to enforce fine-grained access control based on data tags. Which combination of AWS services should be used?

Which TWO of the following are benefits of using Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)? (Choose TWO.)

Which THREE of the following are valid storage classes in Amazon S3? (Choose THREE.)

Which TWO of the following are best practices for Amazon Redshift table design? (Choose TWO.)

A company is using Amazon S3 to store sensitive data. To meet compliance requirements, they need to automatically transition objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 90 days and delete them after 7 years. What is the MOST cost-effective way to configure this?

A data engineer needs to store JSON documents that are frequently read and written by a web application. The data has a flexible schema and requires low-latency queries on primary key lookups. Which AWS service is MOST suitable?

A company runs a critical transactional database on Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. They need to achieve high availability with automatic failover to a different AWS Region in case of a regional outage. Which solution meets these requirements?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data is ingested from multiple sources in Parquet format, and the schema evolves over time. Which approach allows querying the data with Amazon Athena while supporting schema evolution?

A company needs to store relational data that requires complex joins and transactional consistency. The workload is predictable and the data size is less than 500 GB. Which AWS service is MOST cost-effective for this use case?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB for a gaming leaderboard. The table has a partition key of 'GameId' and a sort key of 'Score'. The application needs to query the top 10 scores for a given game. Which DynamoDB feature should be used for optimal performance?

A company is migrating an on-premises Hadoop cluster to AWS. The cluster processes large files in CSV format using Apache Spark. Which data store should be used as the primary storage for the data lake to optimize cost and performance?

A company has an Amazon Redshift cluster with a mix of frequently accessed hot data and rarely accessed cold data. They want to reduce storage costs without affecting query performance for the hot data. Which strategy is MOST effective?

A company needs to store archival logs that must be retained for 10 years. The logs are accessed infrequently, but when accessed, retrieval must occur within 12 hours. Which storage class is MOST cost-effective?

A company is using Amazon S3 to store sensitive financial data. They need to ensure that all objects are encrypted at rest. Which TWO methods can achieve this? (Choose TWO.)

A company is designing a multi-Region disaster recovery solution for Amazon DynamoDB. They need to ensure that data is replicated across Regions with minimal latency and that applications can read from any Region. Which THREE steps should be taken? (Choose THREE.)

A company is using Amazon RDS for MySQL and wants to automate backups for point-in-time recovery. Which TWO actions should be taken? (Choose TWO.)

Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer configured the lifecycle policy shown. The 'logs/' prefix contains important audit logs. After 365 days, what happens to the objects?

Refer to the exhibit. An IAM policy is attached to an IAM role used by an application. The application needs to decrypt objects in an S3 bucket using a customer managed KMS key. What is the effect of this policy?

Refer to the exhibit. A data engineer notices that the Redshift cluster 'mycluster' does not have automated backups beyond 7 days. However, the compliance team requires a minimum of 35 days of backup retention. What should the engineer do?

A company stores sensitive data in an S3 bucket. To meet compliance requirements, they must ensure that all objects are encrypted at rest using server-side encryption with AWS KMS. Which bucket policy statement should be applied to deny uploads that do not use the required encryption?

A data engineer is designing a data lake on Amazon S3. The data is accessed frequently for the first 30 days, then rarely accessed after 90 days, and must be archived after 1 year. Which S3 lifecycle policy configuration meets these requirements with the lowest cost?

A company uses Amazon Redshift for its data warehouse. The data engineering team notices that queries against a large fact table are slow. The table is distributed using DISTSTYLE EVEN and has multiple sort keys. After analyzing the query plans, they find that most queries filter on a specific column, 'customer_id'. Which change would most likely improve query performance for these filter operations?

A data engineer needs to migrate an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. The database is 2 TB and has a continuous stream of write operations. The migration should minimize downtime. Which AWS service should be used?

A company uses Amazon DynamoDB for a gaming application. The table has a partition key of 'user_id' and a sort key of 'game_timestamp'. The application frequently queries by 'user_id' and filters by 'game_timestamp' within a specific date range. The queries are slow. The table has a global secondary index (GSI) on 'game_timestamp'. What is the most likely cause of the slow queries?

A data engineer needs to store semi-structured JSON data that is accessed infrequently but requires millisecond retrieval latency. The data is immutable once written. Which AWS service is most cost-effective?

A company runs a critical application on Amazon RDS for MySQL. To ensure high availability and automatic failover, the database is deployed as a Multi-AZ DB instance. The application uses read-heavy workloads. Which additional configuration should be used to offload read traffic without impacting write performance?

A data engineer is troubleshooting an Amazon Redshift cluster that has been experiencing slow query performance. The engineer checks the system tables and finds that many queries are waiting on 'wlm_queued' time. The cluster has 10 nodes and uses automatic WLM. What is the most likely cause?

A company uses Amazon S3 to store large datasets. The data engineering team needs to provide access to specific objects in the bucket to external partners using presigned URLs. Each URL should expire after 12 hours. The team wants to ensure that the presigned URLs cannot be used to access other objects in the bucket. Which approach should be taken?

Which TWO of the following are valid approaches to implement fine-grained access control for Amazon DynamoDB items based on user attributes? (Choose 2.)

Which THREE of the following are best practices for managing data storage costs in Amazon S3? (Choose 3.)

Which TWO of the following are features of Amazon RDS Multi-AZ deployments? (Choose 2.)

An IAM policy is attached to a role assumed by authenticated users via Amazon Cognito. What does this policy allow?

A data engineer runs the above command and gets the output. What does the 'MFADelete' setting imply?

A data engineer runs the above DDL statement in Amazon Athena. The query returns an error. What is the most likely cause?

A company uses Amazon S3 to store sensitive data. The security team wants to ensure that all objects uploaded to a specific S3 bucket are automatically encrypted at rest using server-side encryption with AWS KMS managed keys (SSE-KMS). Which bucket policy statement should be added to enforce this requirement?