Quick Answer
The correct answer is IOException, along with SQLException, because both are direct subclasses of java.lang.Exception that do not extend RuntimeException, making them checked exceptions in Java. A checked exception must be either caught in a try-catch block or declared in the method signature using the throws clause; SQLException is a classic example, thrown when database access fails due to connection issues or SQL syntax errors. On the Oracle Certified Professional Java SE 17 Developer 1Z0-829 exam, this concept tests your understanding of the Java exception hierarchy and the compiler’s requirement to handle checked exceptions explicitly. A common trap is confusing checked exceptions with unchecked ones—remember that any class extending RuntimeException or Error is unchecked, while everything else under Exception is checked. For a quick memory tip, think “SQL and IO are checked, so you must catch or throw.”
This 1Z0-829 practice question tests your understanding of handling exceptions. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Which TWO of the following are checked exceptions in Java?
SQLException
SQLException is a checked exception.
ArithmeticException
Why wrong: ArithmeticException is an unchecked exception.
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
Why wrong: ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException is an unchecked exception.
NullPointerException
Why wrong: NullPointerException is an unchecked exception.
IOException
IOException is a checked exception.
Answer choices
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
SQLException
A is correct because `SQLException` is a subclass of `java.lang.Exception` (which is a checked exception class) and does not extend `RuntimeException`. Checked exceptions must be either caught or declared in the method signature; `SQLException` is commonly thrown when database access errors occur, such as connection failures or SQL syntax errors.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
SQLException
Why this is correct
SQLException is a checked exception.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
ArithmeticException
Why it's wrong here
ArithmeticException is an unchecked exception.
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
Why it's wrong here
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException is an unchecked exception.
NullPointerException
Why it's wrong here
NullPointerException is an unchecked exception.
IOException
Why this is correct
IOException is a checked exception.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Common exam traps
The trap here is that candidates often confuse runtime exceptions (unchecked) with checked exceptions, mistakenly thinking that any exception that can occur at runtime is checked, but the key distinction is whether the exception class extends `RuntimeException` or not.
Detailed technical explanation
In Java, the compiler enforces checked exceptions at compile time by requiring a `try-catch` block or a `throws` clause in the method signature. `IOException` and `SQLException` are both direct subclasses of `Exception` (not `RuntimeException`), so they are checked. Under the hood, the JVM does not automatically handle checked exceptions; the programmer must explicitly manage them, which is critical in real-world scenarios like file I/O or database operations where failures are expected and must be handled gracefully.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
A small business has 20 workstations on the 192.168.1.0/24 network and one public IP from its ISP. The router uses PAT (NAT overload) so all 20 devices share one public address using different source ports. NAT questions test whether you understand the four address terms and which direction each translation applies.
What to study next
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FAQ
Handling Exceptions — This question tests Handling Exceptions — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
The correct answer is: SQLException — A is correct because `SQLException` is a subclass of `java.lang.Exception` (which is a checked exception class) and does not extend `RuntimeException`. Checked exceptions must be either caught or declared in the method signature; `SQLException` is commonly thrown when database access errors occur, such as connection failures or SQL syntax errors.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Same concept, more angles
These questions test the same concept from different angles. Work through them to make sure you can recognise it however the exam phrases it.
Variation 1. Which of the following is a checked exception in Java?
easyWhy C: SQLException is a checked exception because it extends Exception directly (not RuntimeException). Checked exceptions must be either caught with a try-catch block or declared in the method signature using 'throws'. SQLException is thrown by JDBC API methods when database access errors occur, forcing the developer to handle potential SQL failures at compile time.
Variation 2. Which of the following is a checked exception in Java?
easyWhy C: Option C is correct because IOException is a checked exception in Java. Checked exceptions are subclasses of Exception (excluding RuntimeException and its subclasses), and the compiler enforces that they are either caught or declared in the method's throws clause. IOException directly extends Exception, making it a checked exception that must be handled at compile time.
Last reviewed: Jun 11, 2026
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