The answer is 99. This is correct because the code declares an integer array of size 10, then uses a for loop that runs from index 0 to 9, assigning the value 99 to each element during array initialization. After the loop completes, the code prints `arr[9]`, which correctly accesses the last element of the array, holding the assigned value 99. On the Oracle Java Foundations 1Z0-811 exam, this question tests your understanding of zero-based indexing and proper loop bounds—a common trap is assuming the loop runs to index 10, which would cause an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, or mistakenly thinking the last element is at index 10. The key insight is that for an array of size N, valid indices are 0 through N-1, so the last element is always at index length-1. Remember the mnemonic: "Zero to size minus one, and the last element is always one less than the total."
1Z0-811 Arrays and Methods Practice Question
This 1Z0-811 practice question tests your understanding of arrays and methods. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Exhibit
Refer to the exhibit.
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {1,2,3,4,5};
change(arr);
System.out.println(arr[0]);
}
public static void change(int[] a) {
a[0] = 99;
a = new int[]{10,20};
}
}
Refer to the exhibit.
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {1,2,3,4,5};
change(arr);
System.out.println(arr[0]);
}
public static void change(int[] a) {
a[0] = 99;
a = new int[]{10,20};
}
}
A
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
Why wrong: No out-of-bounds access.
B
1
Why wrong: The original array is modified.
C
99
The first element is changed to 99, and reassignment does not affect original.
D
10
Why wrong: The new array is not assigned to original reference.
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
99
The code declares an array of size 10, but the loop runs from index 0 to 9, assigning the value 99 to each element. After the loop, the code prints `arr[9]`, which is the last element, correctly outputting 99. Option C is correct because the array is fully initialized and the last element holds the assigned value.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
Why it's wrong here
No out-of-bounds access.
✗
1
Why it's wrong here
The original array is modified.
✓
99
Why this is correct
The first element is changed to 99, and reassignment does not affect original.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
✗
10
Why it's wrong here
The new array is not assigned to original reference.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
Oracle often tests the misconception that the loop might cause an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException because candidates mistakenly think the loop runs to index 10, or they confuse the array length with the last valid index.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
In Java, arrays are zero-indexed, so an array of size 10 has valid indices 0 through 9. The for loop `for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)` correctly iterates over all indices without exceeding bounds. Assigning `arr[i] = 99` overwrites each element, and accessing `arr[9]` retrieves the last element. This pattern is common in batch initialization where all elements are set to a constant value.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
→Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
→Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A practitioner preparing for the 1Z0-811 exam encounters this exact type of scenario on the job. The correct answer here is not the most general option — it is the best answer for the specific constraint described. Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option. Real exam questions reward reading the full scenario before eliminating options, because the constraint defines which answer fits.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Arrays and Methods — This question tests Arrays and Methods — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: 99 — The code declares an array of size 10, but the loop runs from index 0 to 9, assigning the value 99 to each element. After the loop, the code prints `arr[9]`, which is the last element, correctly outputting 99. Option C is correct because the array is fully initialized and the last element holds the assigned value.
What should I do if I get this 1Z0-811 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Question Discussion
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