Question 332 of 969

Design security for infrastructure →hardMultiple SelectObjective-mapped

Quick Answer

The answer is Azure Virtual WAN with a secured hub and AWS Transit Gateway with AWS Network Firewall. This design works because Azure Virtual WAN routes inter-cloud traffic through Microsoft’s global backbone, minimizing latency compared to the public internet, while the secured hub uses Azure Firewall and Firewall Manager for centralized Layer 3-7 inspection. On the AWS side, Transit Gateway connects to the Azure VPN gateway, and AWS Network Firewall performs encrypted traffic inspection within the AWS environment, ensuring threats are caught at all layers without decrypting traffic at a single point. On the Microsoft Cybersecurity Architect exam, this scenario tests your ability to combine native multicloud network security services—a common trap is choosing a single-vendor solution like only Azure Firewall, which fails to inspect AWS-side traffic. Remember the mnemonic: “Hub and Transit, inspect each side; Microsoft backbone keeps latency denied.”

SC-100 Design security for infrastructure Practice Question

This SC-100 practice question tests your understanding of design security for infrastructure. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

You are designing a network security strategy for a multicloud environment that includes Azure and Amazon Web Services (AWS). The company requires that all traffic between the two clouds be encrypted and inspected for threats. You need to recommend a solution that meets the following requirements: - Minimize latency. - Use Microsoft-provided security services where possible. - Ensure traffic is inspected at Layers 3-7. Which TWO options should you include in your design?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

Clue: "minimum / minimize"
Why it matters: Asks for the least resource use — fewest addresses, smallest subnet, lowest overhead. Eliminate over-provisioned options even if they would technically work.

Question 1hardmulti select

Full question →

A
Azure Virtual WAN with a secured hub that includes Azure Firewall and Firewall Manager.
Virtual WAN provides global transit and Azure Firewall provides L3-7 inspection.
B
Azure Firewall with forced tunneling to an on-premises inspection appliance.
Why wrong: Forced tunneling adds latency and does not provide transit connectivity between clouds.
C
Azure Policy with built-in network security policies.
Why wrong: Azure Policy is for governance, not network traffic inspection.
D
Azure Front Door Premium with Web Application Firewall (WAF) policy.
Why wrong: Azure Front Door is for HTTP(S) traffic and does not provide general network inspection.
E
AWS Transit Gateway with AWS Network Firewall for inspection.
AWS Transit Gateway provides connectivity between VPCs and on-premises, and AWS Network Firewall provides L3-7 inspection.

Full breakdown with real-world context →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

Azure Virtual WAN with a secured hub that includes Azure Firewall and Firewall Manager.

Azure Virtual WAN with a secured hub integrates Azure Firewall and Firewall Manager to provide a centralized, Microsoft-managed inspection point for traffic between Azure and AWS. This design minimizes latency by routing inter-cloud traffic through Microsoft's global backbone rather than over the public internet, and it supports Layer 3-7 inspection via Azure Firewall's application and network rules, meeting all requirements.

Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

✓
Azure Virtual WAN with a secured hub that includes Azure Firewall and Firewall Manager.
Why this is correct
Virtual WAN provides global transit and Azure Firewall provides L3-7 inspection.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "minimum / minimize" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
✗
Azure Firewall with forced tunneling to an on-premises inspection appliance.
Why it's wrong here
Forced tunneling adds latency and does not provide transit connectivity between clouds.
✗
Azure Policy with built-in network security policies.
Why it's wrong here
Azure Policy is for governance, not network traffic inspection.
✗
Azure Front Door Premium with Web Application Firewall (WAF) policy.
Why it's wrong here
Azure Front Door is for HTTP(S) traffic and does not provide general network inspection.
✓
AWS Transit Gateway with AWS Network Firewall for inspection.
Why this is correct
AWS Transit Gateway provides connectivity between VPCs and on-premises, and AWS Network Firewall provides L3-7 inspection.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "minimum / minimize" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

The trap here is that candidates may confuse Azure Front Door (a global load balancer and WAF for web traffic) with a general-purpose inter-cloud inspection solution, overlooking that it only handles HTTP/HTTPS and cannot inspect non-web protocols or traffic between cloud networks.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

Azure Virtual WAN uses a hub-and-spoke architecture where the secured hub deploys Azure Firewall as a central inspection point; traffic between virtual networks (including those connected to AWS via VPN or ExpressRoute) is routed through the firewall using user-defined routes (UDRs) or Virtual WAN routing policies. Azure Firewall supports TLS inspection for Layer 7, network rules for Layers 3-4, and integrates with Firewall Manager for centralized policy management across multiple hubs. AWS Transit Gateway with AWS Network Firewall provides analogous capabilities on the AWS side, enabling stateful inspection of traffic between VPCs and on-premises, and can be paired with Azure Virtual WAN via encrypted VPN tunnels to create a consistent multicloud security perimeter.

KKey Concepts to Remember

Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.

TExam Day Tips

Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A healthcare organisation deploys an application with a public-facing web tier and a private database tier. The database subnet has no public IP and only accepts connections from the web tier's security group. Questions like this test whether you can design cloud network isolation using VNets/VPCs, subnets, and security group rules.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this SC-100 question test?

Design security for infrastructure — This question tests Design security for infrastructure — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Azure Virtual WAN with a secured hub that includes Azure Firewall and Firewall Manager. — Azure Virtual WAN with a secured hub integrates Azure Firewall and Firewall Manager to provide a centralized, Microsoft-managed inspection point for traffic between Azure and AWS. This design minimizes latency by routing inter-cloud traffic through Microsoft's global backbone rather than over the public internet, and it supports Layer 3-7 inspection via Azure Firewall's application and network rules, meeting all requirements.

What should I do if I get this SC-100 question wrong?

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "minimum / minimize". Asks for the least resource use — fewest addresses, smallest subnet, lowest overhead. Eliminate over-provisioned options even if they would technically work.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

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