The answer is a disabled account being targeted in a brute-force attack from a single IP address. This is correct because the KQL query filters for ResultType “50057,” which specifically indicates that the user account is disabled, and then counts sign-in attempts per user and IP, triggering an alert only when that count exceeds ten. On the AZ-500 exam, this question tests your ability to interpret Microsoft Sentinel analytics rules and common Azure AD sign-in error codes, a frequent topic in the “Manage Security Operations” domain. A common trap is confusing ResultType 50057 with other codes like MFA failure (50074) or non-existent user (50053), so remember that 50057 always points to a disabled account. Memory tip: think “57 = Disabled” as in “5-7” sounds like “disabled” if you say it quickly, helping you lock in the correct cause for this Sentinel analytics rule for disabled account sign-ins.
AZ-500 Practice Question: Secure Azure using Microsoft Defender for Cloud and Microsoft Sentinel
This AZ-500 practice question tests your understanding of secure azure using microsoft defender for cloud and microsoft sentinel. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
Your security team receives a high-priority alert from Microsoft Sentinel indicating a potential brute-force attack against an Azure SQL Database. The alert was generated by an analytics rule using the following KQL query: 'SigninLogs | where ResultType == "50057" | summarize Count = count() by UserPrincipalName, IPAddress | where Count > 10'. What is the most likely cause of the alert?
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue: "most likely"
Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Multiple sign-in attempts using a disabled account from the same IP address.
Option B is correct because ResultType 50057 indicates 'User account is disabled', so the alert is triggered when a disabled account has more than 10 sign-in attempts from the same IP. Option A is wrong because MFA failure is a different result type. Option C is wrong because the query does not check if the user is enabled. Option D is wrong because the query specifically targets a disabled account, not a non-existent one.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
Multiple failed MFA attempts by a user.
Why it's wrong here
MFA failures have different result codes (e.g., 50074, 50076).
✗
A user successfully signed in after many attempts.
Why it's wrong here
Successful sign-ins have ResultType 0.
✓
Multiple sign-in attempts using a disabled account from the same IP address.
Why this is correct
ResultType 50057 means account disabled; query groups by account and IP.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
✗
Multiple sign-in attempts from a non-existent user account.
Why it's wrong here
Non-existent users result in different error codes (e.g., 50034).
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
Many certification questions include familiar terms but test a specific constraint. Read the exact wording before choosing an answer that is generally true but wrong for this case.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
This question should be treated as a scenario, not a definition check. Identify the problem, the constraint and the best action. Then compare each option against those facts.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
Use explanations to understand the rule behind the answer.
TExam Day Tips
→Underline the problem statement mentally.
→Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
→Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.
Related glossary terms
Concepts from this question explained
These glossary pages explain the core terms tested in this AZ-500 question in full detail.
Identify which AZ-500 exam domain this question belongs to, then review the specific concept being tested. Practise related questions in that domain and focus on understanding why each wrong answer is tempting — not just why the correct answer is right.
Secure Azure using Microsoft Defender for Cloud and Microsoft Sentinel — This question tests Secure Azure using Microsoft Defender for Cloud and Microsoft Sentinel — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Multiple sign-in attempts using a disabled account from the same IP address. — Option B is correct because ResultType 50057 indicates 'User account is disabled', so the alert is triggered when a disabled account has more than 10 sign-in attempts from the same IP. Option A is wrong because MFA failure is a different result type. Option C is wrong because the query does not check if the user is enabled. Option D is wrong because the query specifically targets a disabled account, not a non-existent one.
What should I do if I get this AZ-500 question wrong?
Identify which AZ-500 exam domain this question belongs to, then review the specific concept being tested. Practise related questions in that domain and focus on understanding why each wrong answer is tempting — not just why the correct answer is right.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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