Question 822 of 1,000

Secure compute, storage, and databases →mediumMultiple ChoiceObjective-mapped

AZ-500 Secure compute, storage, and databases Practice Question

This AZ-500 practice question tests your understanding of secure compute, storage, and databases. The scenario asks you to isolate a root cause — eliminate options that address a different problem before choosing. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

A company plans to enable Azure Disk Encryption (ADE) on a set of Windows virtual machines using a Key Encryption Key (KEK) stored in Azure Key Vault. They have enabled soft-delete and purge protection on the Key Vault. The encryption fails with an error indicating that the key vault does not have the required permissions. Which additional configuration is most likely required for ADE to use the KEK?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

Clue: "most likely"
Why it matters: Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

Question 1mediummultiple choice

Full question →

A
Configure the key vault access policy to grant the Azure Disk Encryption service (or the VM's managed identity) the 'Key Vault Crypto Service Encryption User' role.
Azure Disk Encryption requires permissions to wrap and unwrap the KEK. Granting this role to the appropriate identity ensures ADE can access the key.
B
Enable the key vault for deployment by setting the 'Enabled for deployment' access policy.
Why wrong: This setting is used for Azure Resource Manager template deployments, not for Azure Disk Encryption. It is not the correct fix.
C
Enable the key vault for disk encryption by setting the 'Enabled for Azure Disk Encryption' access policy.
Why wrong: This setting is a legacy option used in older versions of ADE. While it might work, it is not the recommended approach and is not sufficient by itself without also granting the correct permissions. The modern approach uses RBAC roles.
D
Add the 'Storage Account Contributor' role for the VMs to access the key vault.
Why wrong: Storage Account Contributor has nothing to do with accessing Key Vault for disk encryption. The VMs need key permissions, not storage permissions.

Full breakdown with real-world context →

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

✓

Configure the key vault access policy to grant the Azure Disk Encryption service (or the VM's managed identity) the 'Key Vault Crypto Service Encryption User' role.

Azure Disk Encryption (ADE) requires the Key Vault to have an access policy that grants the Azure Disk Encryption service (or the VM's managed identity) the 'Key Vault Crypto Service Encryption User' role. This role provides the necessary cryptographic permissions (e.g., 'wrapKey' and 'unwrapKey') to use the Key Encryption Key (KEK) for encrypting and decrypting the Disk Encryption Key (DEK). Without this specific role assignment, the encryption operation fails with a permissions error, even if soft-delete and purge protection are enabled.

Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

✓
Configure the key vault access policy to grant the Azure Disk Encryption service (or the VM's managed identity) the 'Key Vault Crypto Service Encryption User' role.
Why this is correct
Azure Disk Encryption requires permissions to wrap and unwrap the KEK. Granting this role to the appropriate identity ensures ADE can access the key.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "most likely" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
✗
Enable the key vault for deployment by setting the 'Enabled for deployment' access policy.
Why it's wrong here
This setting is used for Azure Resource Manager template deployments, not for Azure Disk Encryption. It is not the correct fix.
✗
Enable the key vault for disk encryption by setting the 'Enabled for Azure Disk Encryption' access policy.
Why it's wrong here
This setting is a legacy option used in older versions of ADE. While it might work, it is not the recommended approach and is not sufficient by itself without also granting the correct permissions. The modern approach uses RBAC roles.
✗
Add the 'Storage Account Contributor' role for the VMs to access the key vault.
Why it's wrong here
Storage Account Contributor has nothing to do with accessing Key Vault for disk encryption. The VMs need key permissions, not storage permissions.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

The trap here is that candidates often confuse the legacy 'Enabled for Azure Disk Encryption' access policy setting with the required RBAC role assignment, assuming that enabling the legacy toggle alone is sufficient for ADE to use a KEK.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

Under the hood, ADE uses the KEK to wrap the DEK via the 'wrapKey' operation and unwrap it during decryption via 'unwrapKey'. The 'Key Vault Crypto Service Encryption User' role is an RBAC role that specifically grants these cryptographic operations, while the legacy 'Enabled for Azure Disk Encryption' access policy only enabled the vault for use with BitLocker but did not automatically grant the necessary key permissions. In a real-world scenario, if the VM uses a managed identity, that identity must be assigned this role; otherwise, the encryption fails even if the vault is correctly configured for soft-delete and purge protection.

KKey Concepts to Remember

Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.

TExam Day Tips

Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this AZ-500 question test?

Secure compute, storage, and databases — This question tests Secure compute, storage, and databases — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Configure the key vault access policy to grant the Azure Disk Encryption service (or the VM's managed identity) the 'Key Vault Crypto Service Encryption User' role. — Azure Disk Encryption (ADE) requires the Key Vault to have an access policy that grants the Azure Disk Encryption service (or the VM's managed identity) the 'Key Vault Crypto Service Encryption User' role. This role provides the necessary cryptographic permissions (e.g., 'wrapKey' and 'unwrapKey') to use the Key Encryption Key (KEK) for encrypting and decrypting the Disk Encryption Key (DEK). Without this specific role assignment, the encryption operation fails with a permissions error, even if soft-delete and purge protection are enabled.

What should I do if I get this AZ-500 question wrong?

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "most likely". Probability qualifier — the question wants the most probable cause or outcome, not a guaranteed one. Eliminate low-probability options.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

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Last reviewed: Jun 11, 2026

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