- A
Deploy network virtual appliances (NVAs) in each spoke VNet and configure user-defined routes (UDRs) to route internet traffic to the NVAs
Why wrong: This approach is decentralized and creates management overhead. It does not provide a single inspection point or a single outbound public IP.
- B
Deploy Azure Firewall in the hub VNet and configure a default route (0.0.0.0/0) in each spoke's route table pointing to Azure Firewall as the next hop
This forces all outbound internet traffic from spoke VMs to pass through Azure Firewall in the hub, enabling inspection, logging, and a single public IP for outbound traffic.
- C
Use Azure Application Gateway with Web Application Firewall (WAF) in the hub VNet to inspect all traffic
Why wrong: Application Gateway is a layer-7 load balancer for inbound HTTP/S traffic, not a firewall for outbound traffic. It does not handle general internet egress.
- D
Deploy Azure Firewall in each spoke VNet and use Azure Monitor to aggregate logs
Why wrong: This is a distributed approach that complicates management and does not provide a centralized egress point. The requirement is to use a central firewall.
AZ-305 Design infrastructure solutions Practice Question
This AZ-305 practice question tests your understanding of design infrastructure solutions. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company has multiple Azure VNets deployed in a hub-spoke topology. They want to inspect all outbound internet traffic from spoke VMs using a central firewall and ensure that traffic from all VNets goes through the firewall before reaching the internet. They also need to log all outbound connections. Which architecture should they implement?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Deploy Azure Firewall in the hub VNet and configure a default route (0.0.0.0/0) in each spoke's route table pointing to Azure Firewall as the next hop
Option B is correct because Azure Firewall is a managed, stateful firewall-as-a-service that can centrally inspect and log outbound internet traffic. By deploying Azure Firewall in the hub VNet and configuring a default route (0.0.0.0/0) in each spoke's route table with the Azure Firewall private IP as the next hop, all outbound traffic from spoke VMs is forced through the firewall before reaching the internet. This satisfies both the inspection and logging requirements, as Azure Firewall provides built-in outbound connection logging via diagnostic settings.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Deploy network virtual appliances (NVAs) in each spoke VNet and configure user-defined routes (UDRs) to route internet traffic to the NVAs
Why it's wrong here
This approach is decentralized and creates management overhead. It does not provide a single inspection point or a single outbound public IP.
- ✓
Deploy Azure Firewall in the hub VNet and configure a default route (0.0.0.0/0) in each spoke's route table pointing to Azure Firewall as the next hop
Why this is correct
This forces all outbound internet traffic from spoke VMs to pass through Azure Firewall in the hub, enabling inspection, logging, and a single public IP for outbound traffic.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Use Azure Application Gateway with Web Application Firewall (WAF) in the hub VNet to inspect all traffic
Why it's wrong here
Application Gateway is a layer-7 load balancer for inbound HTTP/S traffic, not a firewall for outbound traffic. It does not handle general internet egress.
- ✗
Deploy Azure Firewall in each spoke VNet and use Azure Monitor to aggregate logs
Why it's wrong here
This is a distributed approach that complicates management and does not provide a centralized egress point. The requirement is to use a central firewall.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often confuse Azure Firewall with Azure Application Gateway, mistakenly thinking WAF can inspect outbound traffic, or they assume deploying NVAs per spoke is acceptable for central inspection, missing the requirement for a single central firewall in the hub.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Under the hood, Azure Firewall uses a static public IP for outbound SNAT, and the default route (0.0.0.0/0) with next hop type 'Virtual appliance' forces all egress traffic through the firewall's private IP. A subtle behavior is that Azure automatically adds a system route for 0.0.0.0/0 with next hop 'Internet' in each subnet; overriding this with a UDR pointing to Azure Firewall is essential to prevent traffic from bypassing the firewall. In a real-world scenario, if the UDR is not applied to the GatewaySubnet or AzureFirewallSubnet, management traffic could leak directly to the internet.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
An e-commerce site experiences heavy traffic on Black Friday and near-zero traffic during off-peak weeks. Rather than provisioning permanent large VMs, the team uses auto-scaling groups that add capacity automatically under load and reduce it overnight. Questions like this test whether you understand elasticity, availability zones, and cloud compute scaling patterns.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this AZ-305 question test?
Design infrastructure solutions — This question tests Design infrastructure solutions — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Deploy Azure Firewall in the hub VNet and configure a default route (0.0.0.0/0) in each spoke's route table pointing to Azure Firewall as the next hop — Option B is correct because Azure Firewall is a managed, stateful firewall-as-a-service that can centrally inspect and log outbound internet traffic. By deploying Azure Firewall in the hub VNet and configuring a default route (0.0.0.0/0) in each spoke's route table with the Azure Firewall private IP as the next hop, all outbound traffic from spoke VMs is forced through the firewall before reaching the internet. This satisfies both the inspection and logging requirements, as Azure Firewall provides built-in outbound connection logging via diagnostic settings.
What should I do if I get this AZ-305 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
About these practice questions
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Last reviewed: Jun 11, 2026
This AZ-305 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Microsoft certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the AZ-305 exam.
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