- A
Azure Policy with built-in policy to enforce MFA and Azure Activity Log to monitor changes.
Why wrong: Azure Policy can audit whether MFA is enabled on accounts, but it cannot enforce MFA during sign-in. It is not the correct tool for requiring MFA at authentication time. Activity Log can capture policy changes, but the enforcement method is wrong.
- B
Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access policy to require MFA for Azure management and Azure Monitor with Log Analytics for monitoring.
Conditional Access policies are the appropriate way to enforce MFA for accessing Azure Portal (Azure Management cloud app). Azure Monitor can collect Activity Logs from Microsoft Entra ID and Azure subscriptions to track changes to Conditional Access policies or other critical resources, and Log Analytics can be used for querying and alerting.
- C
Microsoft Entra ID Identity Protection to enforce MFA and Azure Sentinel for monitoring.
Why wrong: Identity Protection offers risk-based conditional access (e.g., require MFA for risky sign-ins), but it is not designed to enforce MFA for all administrators regardless of risk. Azure Sentinel is a SIEM that could ingest logs, but it is unnecessary for the stated requirement for basic monitoring of policy changes; Azure Monitor is simpler and sufficient.
- D
Azure Policy to assign built-in policy 'MFA should be enabled on accounts with write permissions' and Azure Security Center for monitoring.
Why wrong: This policy audits whether MFA is enabled, but again does not enforce MFA during authentication. Azure Security Center (now Defender for Cloud) focuses on security posture and workload protection, not on monitoring identity policy changes.
Quick Answer
The answer is Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access combined with Azure Monitor and Log Analytics. This is correct because the Conditional Access policy enforces MFA specifically for Azure management, targeting the Azure portal and PowerShell, while Azure Monitor ingests the Azure Activity Log to track and report any policy changes that could weaken enforcement. On the AZ-305 exam, this tests your understanding of the separation between enforcement and auditing—a common trap is choosing Azure Policy or Azure Blueprints, which govern resource configuration but do not enforce sign-in requirements or log policy modifications. Remember the pairing: Conditional Access for the “what” of MFA enforcement, and Log Analytics for the “who changed it” monitoring. A useful memory tip is “Conditional Access controls the door, Log Analytics watches the keyhole.”
AZ-305 Practice Question: Design identity, governance, and monitoring solutions
This AZ-305 practice question tests your understanding of design identity, governance, and monitoring solutions. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company has multiple Azure subscriptions and wants to enforce that all administrators must use multi-factor authentication (MFA) when accessing the Azure portal. They also want to monitor and report on any policy changes that affect this enforcement. Which combination of Azure services should they use?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access policy to require MFA for Azure management and Azure Monitor with Log Analytics for monitoring.
Option B is correct because Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access policies can enforce MFA specifically for Azure management (including the Azure portal), and Azure Monitor with Log Analytics provides the monitoring and reporting of policy changes via the Azure Activity Log. This combination directly addresses both requirements: enforcing MFA for administrators and auditing changes to the Conditional Access policy itself.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Azure Policy with built-in policy to enforce MFA and Azure Activity Log to monitor changes.
Why it's wrong here
Azure Policy can audit whether MFA is enabled on accounts, but it cannot enforce MFA during sign-in. It is not the correct tool for requiring MFA at authentication time. Activity Log can capture policy changes, but the enforcement method is wrong.
- ✓
Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access policy to require MFA for Azure management and Azure Monitor with Log Analytics for monitoring.
Why this is correct
Conditional Access policies are the appropriate way to enforce MFA for accessing Azure Portal (Azure Management cloud app). Azure Monitor can collect Activity Logs from Microsoft Entra ID and Azure subscriptions to track changes to Conditional Access policies or other critical resources, and Log Analytics can be used for querying and alerting.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- ✗
Microsoft Entra ID Identity Protection to enforce MFA and Azure Sentinel for monitoring.
Why it's wrong here
Identity Protection offers risk-based conditional access (e.g., require MFA for risky sign-ins), but it is not designed to enforce MFA for all administrators regardless of risk. Azure Sentinel is a SIEM that could ingest logs, but it is unnecessary for the stated requirement for basic monitoring of policy changes; Azure Monitor is simpler and sufficient.
- ✗
Azure Policy to assign built-in policy 'MFA should be enabled on accounts with write permissions' and Azure Security Center for monitoring.
Why it's wrong here
This policy audits whether MFA is enabled, but again does not enforce MFA during authentication. Azure Security Center (now Defender for Cloud) focuses on security posture and workload protection, not on monitoring identity policy changes.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is confusing Azure Policy (which enforces resource configuration) with Conditional Access (which enforces user authentication), leading candidates to incorrectly choose Azure Policy for MFA enforcement on the Azure portal.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Conditional Access policies in Microsoft Entra ID are evaluated at authentication time, using signals like user, location, and device state to enforce MFA via the 'Require multi-factor authentication' grant control. The Azure Activity Log captures all write operations (PUT, POST, DELETE) on Azure resources, including changes to Conditional Access policies, and can be streamed to a Log Analytics workspace for alerting and reporting via KQL queries. This architecture ensures that enforcement is applied at the identity layer, not the resource layer, which is critical for controlling administrative access to the Azure portal.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A company's IT admin needs to give a contractor read-only access to production logs without sharing account credentials. Using role-based access control (RBAC) and temporary scoped permissions — not a permanent shared password — is the correct pattern. Questions like this test whether you can apply least-privilege access across cloud identity services.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
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Design identity, governance, and monitoring solutions — study guide chapter
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this AZ-305 question test?
Design identity, governance, and monitoring solutions — This question tests Design identity, governance, and monitoring solutions — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access policy to require MFA for Azure management and Azure Monitor with Log Analytics for monitoring. — Option B is correct because Microsoft Entra ID Conditional Access policies can enforce MFA specifically for Azure management (including the Azure portal), and Azure Monitor with Log Analytics provides the monitoring and reporting of policy changes via the Azure Activity Log. This combination directly addresses both requirements: enforcing MFA for administrators and auditing changes to the Conditional Access policy itself.
What should I do if I get this AZ-305 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
About these practice questions
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Last reviewed: Jun 11, 2026
This AZ-305 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Microsoft certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the AZ-305 exam.
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