AZ-305 Design infrastructure solutions Practice Question
This AZ-305 practice question tests your understanding of design infrastructure solutions. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company is designing a hub-spoke network topology across multiple Azure regions. They plan to deploy a third-party network virtual appliance (NVA) in the hub for traffic inspection. They require that all traffic between spokes in different regions must be routed through the hub NVA, and they want to minimize the number of peered connections. Which solution should they implement?
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue: "minimum / minimize"
Why it matters: Asks for the least resource use — fewest addresses, smallest subnet, lowest overhead. Eliminate over-provisioned options even if they would technically work.
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
VNet peering with user-defined routes (UDRs) in each spoke pointing to the NVA IP in the hub
Option A is correct because VNet peering combined with user-defined routes (UDRs) allows traffic between spokes in different regions to be forced through the NVA in the hub for inspection. By configuring UDRs in each spoke with the next hop set to the NVA's private IP, you ensure inter-spoke traffic traverses the hub without requiring a full mesh of peering connections. This minimizes the number of peered connections (only hub-to-spoke peering is needed) while meeting the routing requirement.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✓
VNet peering with user-defined routes (UDRs) in each spoke pointing to the NVA IP in the hub
Why this is correct
UDRs enforce traffic routing through the hub NVA; each spoke peers only to the hub, minimizing peering connections.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "minimum / minimize" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
✗
Azure Virtual WAN with a secured hub using Azure Firewall
Why it's wrong here
Virtual WAN uses Azure Firewall, not a third-party NVA, and requires a different deployment model not aligned with the requirement.
✗
Azure VNet-to-VNet VPN gateways between all spokes
Why it's wrong here
This creates a full mesh of VPN connections, increasing complexity and cost, and does not route through the hub NVA.
✗
Azure ExpressRoute with private peering
Why it's wrong here
ExpressRoute is designed for on-premises to Azure connectivity, not for inter-spoke traffic within Azure.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often assume Virtual WAN (Option B) is the only way to simplify hub-spoke routing, but it does not support custom third-party NVAs for traffic inspection without complex workarounds, making VNet peering with UDRs the correct choice for this specific requirement.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Under the hood, UDRs with a next hop of 'Virtual Appliance' override Azure's default system routes, which normally allow direct VNet peering traffic between spokes. The NVA must perform IP forwarding (enabled at the NIC level) and have routing enabled to forward packets between the hub and spokes. In a real-world scenario, if the NVA fails, traffic may be black-holed unless you implement a redundant NVA pair with a load balancer or use BGP with the NVA to propagate routes dynamically.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
→Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
→Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A healthcare organisation deploys an application with a public-facing web tier and a private database tier. The database subnet has no public IP and only accepts connections from the web tier's security group. Questions like this test whether you can design cloud network isolation using VNets/VPCs, subnets, and security group rules.
Related glossary terms
Concepts from this question explained
These glossary pages explain the core terms tested in this AZ-305 question in full detail.
Design infrastructure solutions — This question tests Design infrastructure solutions — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: VNet peering with user-defined routes (UDRs) in each spoke pointing to the NVA IP in the hub — Option A is correct because VNet peering combined with user-defined routes (UDRs) allows traffic between spokes in different regions to be forced through the NVA in the hub for inspection. By configuring UDRs in each spoke with the next hop set to the NVA's private IP, you ensure inter-spoke traffic traverses the hub without requiring a full mesh of peering connections. This minimizes the number of peered connections (only hub-to-spoke peering is needed) while meeting the routing requirement.
What should I do if I get this AZ-305 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "minimum / minimize". Asks for the least resource use — fewest addresses, smallest subnet, lowest overhead. Eliminate over-provisioned options even if they would technically work.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Question Discussion
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