- A
Configure spoke VNets with a default route to the NVA IP, and deploy a NAT gateway in the hub for outbound traffic.
Why wrong: A default route would send all traffic to the NVA, including internet traffic, but NAT gateway is not the correct way to route internet traffic through the NVA. Also, east-west traffic routing requires specific UDRs for other spoke address ranges.
- B
Configure a route table in each spoke with a route to the hub NVA for inter-spoke traffic, and use Azure Firewall in the hub for outbound internet traffic.
Why wrong: This is partially correct but missing the need to enable 'Allow forwarded traffic' on peering. Without that, the NVA cannot forward packets between spokes even with UDRs. However, this is still a plausible but incomplete answer. Option D is more complete.
- C
Enable 'Allow gateway transit' on the hub VNet and 'Use remote gateways' on the spoke VNets for the NVA.
Why wrong: Gateway transit is a feature for VPN/ExpressRoute gateways, not for NVAs. NVAs require UDRs and forwarded traffic settings, not gateway transit.
- D
Configure VNet peering with 'Allow forwarded traffic' enabled, add user-defined routes in each spoke pointing to the NVA IP for inter-spoke traffic, and use Azure Firewall in the hub for outbound internet with a default route in spokes.
This combination correctly routes east-west traffic through the NVA using UDRs and 'Allow forwarded traffic'. For outbound, Azure Firewall provides a single public IP and UDRs direct internet traffic to it.
AZ-305 Design infrastructure solutions Practice Question
This AZ-305 practice question tests your understanding of design infrastructure solutions. This is a configuration task: choose the command set that satisfies every stated requirement. Small differences — like 'secret' vs 'password' or 'transport input ssh' vs 'all' — change whether the answer is correct. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company has a hub-spoke network topology in Azure. They have multiple spoke VNets connected to a hub VNet via peering. They need to ensure that all east-west traffic between spoke VNets goes through a network virtual appliance (NVA) in the hub for inspection. Additionally, all outbound internet traffic from spoke VMs must use a single public IP address. What should they configure?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Configure VNet peering with 'Allow forwarded traffic' enabled, add user-defined routes in each spoke pointing to the NVA IP for inter-spoke traffic, and use Azure Firewall in the hub for outbound internet with a default route in spokes.
Option D is correct because it combines two critical configurations: user-defined routes (UDRs) in each spoke VNet force inter-spoke traffic through the NVA in the hub by specifying the NVA's IP as the next hop, and 'Allow forwarded traffic' on the VNet peering enables the hub NVA to forward packets between spokes. For outbound internet traffic, Azure Firewall in the hub provides a single public IP, and a default route (0.0.0.0/0) in the spoke UDRs directs all internet-bound traffic to the Azure Firewall's private IP, ensuring centralized inspection and egress.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Configure spoke VNets with a default route to the NVA IP, and deploy a NAT gateway in the hub for outbound traffic.
Why it's wrong here
A default route would send all traffic to the NVA, including internet traffic, but NAT gateway is not the correct way to route internet traffic through the NVA. Also, east-west traffic routing requires specific UDRs for other spoke address ranges.
- ✗
Configure a route table in each spoke with a route to the hub NVA for inter-spoke traffic, and use Azure Firewall in the hub for outbound internet traffic.
Why it's wrong here
This is partially correct but missing the need to enable 'Allow forwarded traffic' on peering. Without that, the NVA cannot forward packets between spokes even with UDRs. However, this is still a plausible but incomplete answer. Option D is more complete.
- ✗
Enable 'Allow gateway transit' on the hub VNet and 'Use remote gateways' on the spoke VNets for the NVA.
- ✓
Configure VNet peering with 'Allow forwarded traffic' enabled, add user-defined routes in each spoke pointing to the NVA IP for inter-spoke traffic, and use Azure Firewall in the hub for outbound internet with a default route in spokes.
Why this is correct
This combination correctly routes east-west traffic through the NVA using UDRs and 'Allow forwarded traffic'. For outbound, Azure Firewall provides a single public IP and UDRs direct internet traffic to it.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates often forget to enable 'Allow forwarded traffic' on the VNet peering, assuming UDRs alone are sufficient for transitive routing through an NVA, or they confuse 'Allow gateway transit' with NVA forwarding, which is a common misstep in hub-spoke design questions.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
Under the hood, VNet peering is non-transitive by default, meaning a packet from Spoke A to Spoke B is dropped at the hub unless the peering explicitly allows forwarded traffic. The UDR in each spoke with next hop set to the NVA's private IP (e.g., 10.0.1.4) overrides the default system route for the spoke-to-spoke address space. For outbound traffic, Azure Firewall uses a static public IP (or a set of IPs via a NAT gateway association) and supports DNAT/SNAT, while the default route in the spoke UDR must point to the firewall's private IP, not the public IP, to avoid asymmetric routing.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
- Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
- Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
- Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
- Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
An e-commerce site experiences heavy traffic on Black Friday and near-zero traffic during off-peak weeks. Rather than provisioning permanent large VMs, the team uses auto-scaling groups that add capacity automatically under load and reduce it overnight. Questions like this test whether you understand elasticity, availability zones, and cloud compute scaling patterns.
What to study next
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this AZ-305 question test?
Design infrastructure solutions — This question tests Design infrastructure solutions — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Configure VNet peering with 'Allow forwarded traffic' enabled, add user-defined routes in each spoke pointing to the NVA IP for inter-spoke traffic, and use Azure Firewall in the hub for outbound internet with a default route in spokes. — Option D is correct because it combines two critical configurations: user-defined routes (UDRs) in each spoke VNet force inter-spoke traffic through the NVA in the hub by specifying the NVA's IP as the next hop, and 'Allow forwarded traffic' on the VNet peering enables the hub NVA to forward packets between spokes. For outbound internet traffic, Azure Firewall in the hub provides a single public IP, and a default route (0.0.0.0/0) in the spoke UDRs directs all internet-bound traffic to the Azure Firewall's private IP, ensuring centralized inspection and egress.
What should I do if I get this AZ-305 question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Last reviewed: Jun 11, 2026
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