LPIC-1 Essential System Services and Networking Practice Question
A company runs a web server using Apache with multiple virtual hosts. The administrator needs to restrict access to a specific virtual host based on the client IP address. Which configuration directive should be placed inside the <VirtualHost> block to deny IP 192.168.1.100?
⚠ Common exam trap
The trap here is that candidates familiar with Apache 2.2 may choose `Deny from` (Option C), not realizing that LPIC-1 exams focus on Apache 2.4 syntax where `Require` directives are the standard, and legacy directives are deprecated.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Require not ip 192.168.1.100
In Apache 2.4 and later, access control is managed using the `Require` directive with the `not` modifier to deny specific IP addresses. Placing `Require not ip 192.168.1.100` inside the `<VirtualHost>` block will deny access to that IP while allowing all others, as the default behavior is to require all IPs unless a `Require` directive explicitly grants access.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Require host 192.168.1.100
Why it's wrong here
Require host is for hostnames, not IPs.
- ✓
Require not ip 192.168.1.100
Why this is correct
New syntax: Require not ip denies the specific IP.
- ✗
Deny from 192.168.1.100
Why it's wrong here
Apache 2.4 uses mod_authz_core; Deny from is deprecated.
- ✗
Require valid-user
Why it's wrong here
Valid-user requires authentication, not IP restriction.
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Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
This LPIC-1 practice question is part of Courseiva's free LPI certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the LPIC-1 exam.