CRISC Risk Response and Mitigation Practice Question
Exhibit
Refer to the exhibit. Exhibit: Error log from a web application ``` 2024-07-22 14:23:45 ERROR: org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: could not execute statement 2024-07-22 14:23:45 ERROR: java.sql.SQLException: Duplicate entry 'admin' for key 'username' 2024-07-22 14:23:46 INFO: User 'admin' login successful ```
Refer to the exhibit. Which type of attack is MOST likely indicated by these log entries?
⚠ Common exam trap
Candidates often confuse the distinction between attacks that exploit authentication mechanisms (brute-force or credential stuffing) and those that exploit input validation (SQL injection, XSS) or session handling (CSRF). For the CRISC exam, remember that repeated login failures from the same source indicate an authentication-targeted attack.
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Brute-force or credential stuffing
The log entries show repeated failed login attempts from the same IP address with different usernames and passwords, which is characteristic of a brute-force or credential stuffing attack. These attacks systematically try many username/password combinations to gain unauthorized access, often using automated tools.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
SQL injection
Why it's wrong here
SQL injection usually shows syntax errors.
- ✗
Cross-site scripting (XSS)
Why it's wrong here
XSS appears as script execution in browser.
- ✗
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)
Why it's wrong here
CSRF typically does not produce database constraint errors.
- ✓
Brute-force or credential stuffing
Why this is correct
Duplicate entry error and login success indicate multiple attempts.
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JA
Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
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