This CRISC practice question tests your understanding of it risk identification. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company recently experienced a data breach due to an unpatched vulnerability in a public-facing web application. During the post-incident review, the IT risk manager notes that the vulnerability was identified by the vulnerability scanner six months ago but was not remediated because the patch required a critical database server restart. Which of the following is the BEST risk treatment decision to prevent a recurrence?
Clue words in this question
Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.
Clue: "best"
Why it matters: Signals that multiple options may be partially correct. Choose the option that most directly solves the exact problem described, not the one that sounds most complete.
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Implement a compensating control such as a web application firewall.
Option C is correct because implementing a web application firewall (WAF) as a compensating control provides virtual patching, blocking exploitation attempts at the application layer (e.g., SQL injection, path traversal) without requiring a database server restart. This directly addresses the root cause—the unpatched vulnerability—while avoiding the operational disruption that prevented the patch from being applied. A WAF can inspect HTTP/HTTPS traffic and filter malicious payloads based on signatures or behavioral rules, effectively reducing risk to an acceptable level until the next maintenance window.
Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
✗
Ignore the vulnerability until the next maintenance window.
Why it's wrong here
Ignoring would leave the system exposed.
✗
Escalate the risk to senior management for acceptance.
Why it's wrong here
Escalation without treatment action would not remediate the vulnerability.
✓
Implement a compensating control such as a web application firewall.
Why this is correct
A WAF can block exploitation attempts until a proper patch can be applied.
Clue confirmation
The clue word "best" in the question point toward this answer.
Related concept
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
✗
Accept the risk based on the low likelihood of exploitation.
Why it's wrong here
The likelihood is not low since exploitation occurred.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword
The trap here is that candidates may confuse risk acceptance (Option D) with a valid treatment when the vulnerability has already been exploited, failing to recognize that a compensating control like a WAF is the only option that actively reduces risk without causing the operational disruption that prevented patching.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
A WAF operates at Layer 7 (application layer) of the OSI model and can inspect HTTP request parameters, headers, and payloads against OWASP Top 10 attack patterns. For example, ModSecurity with the OWASP Core Rule Set (CRS) can block SQL injection attempts by matching patterns like 'union.*select' or '1=1' before they reach the vulnerable application. In a real-world scenario, a WAF can also provide rate limiting and IP reputation filtering, which further reduces the attack surface without modifying the underlying vulnerable code or requiring a database restart.
KKey Concepts to Remember
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.
TExam Day Tips
→Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
→Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.
Key takeaway
Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A small business has 20 workstations on the 192.168.1.0/24 network and one public IP from its ISP. The router uses PAT (NAT overload) so all 20 devices share one public address using different source ports. NAT questions test whether you understand the four address terms and which direction each translation applies.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
IT Risk Identification — This question tests IT Risk Identification — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Implement a compensating control such as a web application firewall. — Option C is correct because implementing a web application firewall (WAF) as a compensating control provides virtual patching, blocking exploitation attempts at the application layer (e.g., SQL injection, path traversal) without requiring a database server restart. This directly addresses the root cause—the unpatched vulnerability—while avoiding the operational disruption that prevented the patch from being applied. A WAF can inspect HTTP/HTTPS traffic and filter malicious payloads based on signatures or behavioral rules, effectively reducing risk to an acceptable level until the next maintenance window.
What should I do if I get this CRISC question wrong?
Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.
Are there clue words in this question I should notice?
Yes — watch for: "best". Signals that multiple options may be partially correct. Choose the option that most directly solves the exact problem described, not the one that sounds most complete.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
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Question Discussion
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