Quick Answer
The answer is to implement a risk-based approval process with expedited paths. This directly addresses the core challenge of balancing security and agility in governance by replacing a rigid, one-size-fits-all policy with a tiered system that fast-tracks low-risk applications while maintaining rigorous review for high-risk changes. On the Certified Information Security Manager CISM exam, this scenario tests your understanding of governance frameworks that must support business velocity without compromising control—a common trap is choosing automation (Option C) which streamlines the bottleneck but fails to address the underlying risk classification issue. The key memory tip is "triage, not traffic": prioritize based on risk criticality rather than simply speeding up every request.
This CISM practice question tests your understanding of information security governance. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A retail company's security governance includes a policy that all software must be approved by a security committee. This delays critical business applications. The CIO complains. How should the CISO adjust governance?
Increase committee meeting frequency
Why wrong: Does not address the delay caused by process.
Implement a risk-based approval process with expedited paths
Speeds up low-risk approvals while maintaining security.
Remove the approval requirement
Why wrong: Eliminates security review.
Automate software approval
Why wrong: Automation may not account for risk differentiation.
Answer choices
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
Implement a risk-based approval process with expedited paths
Option B is correct because a risk-based approval process with expedited paths balances security and agility. Option A removes control. Option C automates but may not address the root. Option D increases frequency but not efficiency.
Key principle: NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Answer analysis
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
Increase committee meeting frequency
Why it's wrong here
Does not address the delay caused by process.
Implement a risk-based approval process with expedited paths
Why this is correct
Speeds up low-risk approvals while maintaining security.
Related concept
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
Remove the approval requirement
Why it's wrong here
Eliminates security review.
Automate software approval
Why it's wrong here
Automation may not account for risk differentiation.
Common exam traps
NAT is not only about the public address. The inside/outside interface roles and the ACL or rule that matches traffic are just as important.
Detailed technical explanation
NAT questions usually test address translation, overload/PAT behaviour, static mappings and whether the right traffic is being translated. Read the interface direction and address terms carefully.
Key takeaway
NAT direction and interface roles matter as much as the IP address mapping. Inside/outside designation controls which traffic is translated.
Real-world example
A small business has 20 workstations on the 192.168.1.0/24 network and one public IP from its ISP. The router uses PAT (NAT overload) so all 20 devices share one public address using different source ports. NAT questions test whether you understand the four address terms and which direction each translation applies.
What to study next
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CISM NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
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FAQ
Information Security Governance — This question tests Information Security Governance — Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address..
The correct answer is: Implement a risk-based approval process with expedited paths — Option B is correct because a risk-based approval process with expedited paths balances security and agility. Option A removes control. Option C automates but may not address the root. Option D increases frequency but not efficiency.
Review the four NAT address types (inside local, inside global, outside local, outside global), PAT port overload, and static vs dynamic NAT use cases. Then practise related CISM NAT questions on configuration and troubleshooting.
Static NAT maps one inside address to one outside address.
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Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026
This CISM practice question is part of Courseiva's free ISACA certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the CISM exam.
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