Question 129 of 509

CISA Practice Question: Information Systems Acquisition, Development and Implementation

This CISA practice question tests your understanding of information systems acquisition, development and implementation. Match the stated requirement to the specific cloud service, access model, or configuration option — many options are valid in isolation but not for this scenario. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "s3:GetObject",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::confidential/*",
      "Principal": {"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/developer"}
    }
  ]
}

What is the primary control weakness in this IAM policy?

Clue words in this question

Noticing these words before you look at the options changes how you read each choice.

  • Clue: "primary"

    Why it matters: Asks for the main purpose or function, not a secondary benefit. Eliminate answers that describe side-effects or partial functions.

Question 1mediummultiple choice
Full question →

Exhibit

Refer to the exhibit.

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "s3:GetObject",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::confidential/*",
      "Principal": {"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/developer"}
    }
  ]
}

Answer choices

Why each option matters

Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.

Correct answer & explanation

Over-privileged access

The IAM policy grants broad permissions (e.g., `"Effect": "Allow", "Action": "*", "Resource": "*"`) without scoping to specific actions or resources, violating the principle of least privilege. This over-privileged access allows any authenticated principal to perform any operation (including destructive actions like `iam:DeleteRole` or `s3:DeleteBucket`) across all resources, creating a severe security risk. The primary weakness is the lack of fine-grained access control, not the absence of encryption, MFA, or logging.

Key principle: Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Answer analysis

Option-by-option breakdown

For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.

  • Over-privileged access

    Why this is correct

    The role has broad access to all objects without conditions.

    Clue confirmation

    The clue word "primary" in the question point toward this answer.

    Related concept

    Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

  • No encryption requirement

    Why it's wrong here

    Encryption is not specified but is not the primary weakness.

  • MFA not required

    Why it's wrong here

    MFA could be added as a condition, but the primary weakness is over-privilege.

  • Lack of logging

    Why it's wrong here

    Logging is not part of the policy.

Common exam traps

Common exam trap: answer the scenario, not the keyword

The trap here is that candidates often focus on missing security features like encryption or MFA, but the CISA exam emphasizes that the most critical IAM weakness is granting excessive permissions (over-privileged access) rather than missing optional controls.

Detailed technical explanation

How to think about this question

In AWS IAM, a policy with `"Action": "*"` and `"Resource": "*"` effectively grants full administrative access, equivalent to the `AdministratorAccess` managed policy. This bypasses any service-specific permission boundaries, allowing actions like `iam:PassRole` to escalate privileges or `ec2:TerminateInstances` to disrupt operations. The principle of least privilege requires scoping actions to specific service APIs (e.g., `s3:GetObject`) and resources using ARN patterns (e.g., `arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*`), which this policy completely ignores.

KKey Concepts to Remember

  • Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.
  • Find the constraint that changes the correct option.
  • Eliminate answers that are true in general but not in this case.

TExam Day Tips

  • Watch for words such as best, first, most likely and least administrative effort.
  • Review why wrong options are wrong, not only why the correct option is correct.

Key takeaway

Answer the scenario, not the keyword: identify the specific constraint before choosing the most familiar-sounding option.

Real-world example

How this comes up in practice

A junior network technician can log in to a core router but cannot reach the enable prompt or configuration mode. The AAA server is authenticating the login — but the authorisation policy only grants privilege level 1, not 15. Authentication (who you are) is working; authorisation (what you can do) is not.

What to study next

Got this wrong? Here's your next step.

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

Related practice questions

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FAQ

Questions learners often ask

What does this CISA question test?

Information Systems Acquisition, Development and Implementation — This question tests Information Systems Acquisition, Development and Implementation — Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer..

What is the correct answer to this question?

The correct answer is: Over-privileged access — The IAM policy grants broad permissions (e.g., `"Effect": "Allow", "Action": "*", "Resource": "*"`) without scoping to specific actions or resources, violating the principle of least privilege. This over-privileged access allows any authenticated principal to perform any operation (including destructive actions like `iam:DeleteRole` or `s3:DeleteBucket`) across all resources, creating a severe security risk. The primary weakness is the lack of fine-grained access control, not the absence of encryption, MFA, or logging.

What should I do if I get this CISA question wrong?

Identify which exam domain this question belongs to, review the core concept, then practise similar questions from the same domain.

Are there clue words in this question I should notice?

Yes — watch for: "primary". Asks for the main purpose or function, not a secondary benefit. Eliminate answers that describe side-effects or partial functions.

What is the key concept behind this question?

Read the scenario before looking for a memorised answer.

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Last reviewed: Jun 25, 2026

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This CISA practice question is part of Courseiva's free ISACA certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the CISA exam.