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Fundamental cloud concepts practice questions

Use this page to practise cloud concepts questions. AZ-900 questions on this domain are scenario-based — you must identify the correct deployment or service model for a business requirement, not just define the terms.

Courseiva uses original exam-style practice questions designed for learning and revision. The goal is to understand the concepts, recognise exam patterns, and improve through explanations — not memorise copied exam dumps.

Reviewed byJohnson Ajibi· MSc IT Security
20 questionsDomain: Fundamental cloud concepts

What the exam tests

What to know about Fundamental cloud concepts

Cloud concepts questions test the IaaS/PaaS/SaaS model, shared responsibility, cloud economic benefits and the public/private/hybrid deployment models.

IaaS, PaaS and SaaS responsibilities and real-world examples.

Public, private, hybrid and community cloud deployment models.

CapEx vs OpEx trade-offs and the economic case for cloud.

The shared responsibility model between Microsoft and the customer.

Watch out for

Common Fundamental cloud concepts exam traps

  • IaaS gives you infrastructure control; SaaS gives you only the application.
  • Hybrid cloud combines on-premises and public cloud — not two public clouds.
  • The customer is always responsible for data and identity even in SaaS.
  • CapEx is upfront spend; OpEx is ongoing spend — cloud shifts most costs to OpEx.

Practice set

Fundamental cloud concepts questions

20 questions · select your answer, then reveal the explanation

A company wants to use computing resources over the internet without managing physical servers. The cloud provider manages the underlying hardware and virtualization, while the company manages the operating system, middleware, and applications. Which cloud service model does this describe?

A team uses Google Workspace (Gmail, Docs, Sheets) for their daily work. They do not manage any servers or software installation — Google maintains everything. Which cloud service model does Google Workspace represent?

Question 3mediummultiple choice
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A hospital runs a patient records system that must remain on-premises due to strict regulatory data residency requirements. However, they also want to use cloud-based AI for diagnostic imaging analysis. Which cloud deployment model best describes their architecture?

According to the NIST definition of cloud computing, which characteristic allows users to unilaterally provision computing resources such as server time and network storage without requiring human interaction with the service provider?

An organization runs its entire infrastructure on a single public cloud provider (Google Cloud). All applications, data, and services live in Google Cloud's infrastructure. Which deployment model describes this?

What is virtualization in the context of cloud computing, and why is it fundamental to how cloud providers deliver services?

A company uses two different public cloud providers (AWS for their North American operations and Google Cloud for their European operations) to meet data residency requirements and avoid vendor lock-in. Which deployment model does this represent?

An organization wants to modernize its on-premises applications. The IT team identifies three types of applications: legacy apps that can only move with significant refactoring, custom-built apps that can be containerized and moved as-is, and applications that can be replaced entirely by SaaS solutions. This categorization approach is called what?

Which term describes the model where the cloud provider is responsible for the security of the cloud infrastructure, while the customer is responsible for security within their own cloud environment (data, applications, access management)?

Question 10mediummultiple choice
Read the full NAT/PAT explanation →

A company is planning a cloud migration and wants to understand the difference between 'lift and shift' and 'cloud-native' approaches. Which statement correctly distinguishes these two migration strategies?

What is the key difference between a virtual machine (VM) and a container in terms of how they package and run applications?

What does 'serverless computing' mean, and what does a developer NOT have to manage when using serverless services?

Question 13mediummultiple choice
Read the full NAT/PAT explanation →

A company's on-premises applications occasionally need more compute capacity than their own infrastructure can provide (during seasonal peaks). They want to use cloud resources to handle the overflow traffic while keeping base workloads on-premises. Which cloud architectural pattern describes this?

What does 'high availability' mean in the context of cloud services, and how is it typically measured?

What is the difference between RTO (Recovery Time Objective) and RPO (Recovery Point Objective) in disaster recovery planning?

A company's monolithic application is difficult to update because any change requires testing and redeploying the entire application, causing multi-hour downtime during updates. The team is considering a microservices architecture. What is the primary benefit of microservices in this context?

What is horizontal scaling, and how does it differ from vertical scaling?

What is an API (Application Programming Interface), and why is it fundamental to cloud services and digital transformation?

A company is evaluating whether to use a public cloud (Google Cloud), a private cloud (on-premises VMware), or a managed private cloud (hosted single-tenant environment). Which scenario is the strongest argument for choosing a managed private cloud over a public cloud?

What is DevOps, and how does cloud adoption reinforce DevOps practices?

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Frequently asked questions

What does the GCDL exam test about Fundamental cloud concepts?
Cloud concepts questions test the IaaS/PaaS/SaaS model, shared responsibility, cloud economic benefits and the public/private/hybrid deployment models.
How should I use these practice questions?
Select your answer before revealing the explanation. Then read why each option is right or wrong — this active recall approach builds retention far faster than re-reading notes.
Can I practise just Fundamental cloud concepts questions in a focused session?
Yes — the session launcher on this page draws every question from the Fundamental cloud concepts domain. Use a 10-question session first to gauge your baseline, then move to 20 or 30 once the weak spots are clear.
Where can I practise other GCDL topics?
Use the topic links above to move to related areas, or go back to the GCDL question bank to see all topics.
Are these real exam questions or dumps?
These are original practice questions written to test the same concepts the GCDL exam covers. They are not copied from any real exam or dump site.