troubleshooting

An enterprise is migrating a 10 TB Teradata data warehouse to BigQuery with minimal downtime. They need to transform Teradata BTEQ scripts to equivalent BigQuery SQL. Which approach should the migration team take to handle the SQL dialect differences?

Based on the Cloud Trace exhibit, which service is the primary contributor to the overall request latency?

An organization uses Cloud Build to deploy multiple microservices to GKE. They want to ensure that the deployment process can be audited and that each deployment can be rolled back to a previous version. What is the recommended approach?

A company is using Cloud Storage to store sensitive customer data. They need to ensure data is encrypted at rest and access is controlled. Which TWO statements are true regarding data protection in Cloud Storage? (Choose two.)

A team is designing a globally distributed application on Google Cloud that requires strong consistency for writes but can tolerate eventual consistency for reads. The application expects millions of concurrent users. Which two strategies should they implement? (Choose two.)

Which three are valid ways to authenticate a service account when using the Google Cloud client libraries? (Choose three.)

A team deploys a containerized web application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) using a Deployment. They need to expose the application externally via a stable IP address and enable SSL termination. Which resource should they use?

Refer to the exhibit. The function returns 'Error' even though the document exists. What is the most likely reason?

A company runs an e-commerce application with a relational database (PostgreSQL) for orders and inventory. They need to store clickstream data for real-time personalization, with a flexible schema and sub-second read latency. Which database best suits the clickstream workload?

A company is designing a cloud-native application on Google Kubernetes Engine. They want to ensure high availability and scalability for their microservices. Which two best practices should they follow?

Which TWO actions should a developer take to ensure that a Cloud Run service can access a Cloud SQL instance securely?

An organization is migrating a MySQL 5.7 database to Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0. They have many tables using MyISAM engine and want to ensure compatibility. What is the correct approach for handling MyISAM tables?

A company has a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance in the us-central1 region. They want to improve read performance for a report generation tool that runs in us-west1, and also provide disaster recovery in case the primary fails. Which TWO actions should they take?

A developer sets environment variables for a Cloud Function as shown. What is the security concern?

During a live migration from MySQL to Cloud SQL using DMS, the migration job enters a 'failed' state after the full dump. The error log indicates 'Binlog position out of bounds'. What is the most likely cause?

A company wants to use BigQuery Omni to query data stored in Amazon S3. They have set up a BigQuery Omni connection. Which querying method should they use?

An application running on Compute Engine uses Cloud Storage for storing user-uploaded images. During load testing, the application experiences high latency when reading images. The developer suspects that the application is making too many small read requests. Which approach should the developer take to optimize performance?

Refer to the exhibit. A developer deployed a Cloud Run service with the above command. They notice that the service's latency is higher than expected under load. The service performs CPU-intensive tasks. What is the most likely reason for the high latency?

A company wants to replicate data from an on-premises Oracle database to BigQuery for analytics. They need serverless, near-real-time CDC with minimal operational overhead. Which service should they use?

A company has an application using Cloud SQL MySQL and wants to add a caching layer. They also need the cache to persist data across restarts. Which Memorystore tier should they choose?

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They need to minimize downtime and ensure continuous replication during the cutover. Which Google Cloud service should they use to achieve continuous change data capture (CDC)?

A company runs a critical application on Compute Engine with a stateful database. They need to achieve 99.99% availability for the database tier. Which architecture should they implement?

A company has a multi-region Cloud Run service with traffic splitting between revisions. They notice that a newly rolled-out revision is receiving 0% of traffic even though they set traffic to 100% via the console. The revision shows 'Ready: Yes'. What is the most likely cause?

An engineer needs to create a cross-region read replica for a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance for disaster recovery. Which step is required?

An online gaming company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL for player data and wants to synchronise some of that data to a BigQuery dataset daily for analytics. The data transformations are complex (e.g., aggregations, joins with other sources). Which service should they use to build this pipeline?

You are designing a Cloud Bigtable schema for a time-series application that stores metrics from millions of devices. The row key is currently deviceID#timestamp. You want to avoid hotspotting on writes and optimize scan performance for reading all data from a specific device within a time range. Which two row key design strategies should you apply? (Choose 2)

An e-commerce platform uses Memorystore for Redis as a session store. During a flash sale, the application experiences high latency and some sessions are evicted. The application currently uses a Standard Tier instance with 5 GB of memory. What is the MOST effective solution to improve performance and prevent evictions?

An organization plans to adopt polyglot persistence: Cloud SQL for transactions, Cloud Bigtable for time-series, and BigQuery for analytics. They need to ensure data consistency when updating both Cloud SQL and Bigtable in a single business transaction. What approach should they use?

A team is migrating a MySQL database to Cloud SQL for MySQL. They want to test the migration with a dual-write strategy before cutting over to the new database. Which TWO steps should they take?

A company needs a fully managed, globally distributed relational database that supports ACID transactions across regions. Which Google Cloud service should they choose?

A Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance is experiencing high query latency. The database has a high number of read replicas and is used for reporting. The team has identified that index scans are not being used effectively. Which THREE actions should they take to improve query performance?

Which TWO are best practices for testing containerized applications on Google Cloud?

A company deploys a microservices application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). The operations team needs to monitor API latency between services. Which Google Cloud service should they use to trace requests across services?

A company runs a critical PostgreSQL database on Cloud SQL. They want to enforce that all client connections use SSL/TLS encryption. Which step is necessary to ensure this?

A company uses Cloud Spanner for a globally distributed application. They need to design their table schema for maximum scalability and performance. Which two design considerations are critical? (Choose two.)

A company is migrating a MySQL 5.7 database to Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0. Their application uses utf8 charset and GROUP BY with nonstandard behavior (e.g., missing expressions in SELECT list). After migration, they notice queries that previously ran now fail. What is the most likely cause?

A developer is using Cloud Spanner for a global application. They need to design a schema to avoid hotspots. Which practice should they follow?

A startup is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL 14 database to Cloud SQL. The database is 500 GB and handles OLTP workloads. They want to minimize downtime during migration. Which approach should they use?

A company uses Cloud Bigtable for AdTech clickstream data. They notice that some tables have many deleted rows and the storage cost is increasing. What should they configure to automatically remove deleted data and reduce storage?

An e-commerce company is designing a global product inventory system that requires strong consistency across regions, horizontal scaling for millions of users, and 99.999% availability. Which Google Cloud database meets all these requirements?

A mobile app needs to store user preferences as a simple key-value store. The data is infrequently accessed and should be highly available with no operational overhead. The app is already using Firebase. Which database is the best fit?

Which THREE of the following are valid reasons to use Cloud Deploy instead of manually applying kubectl commands in a CI/CD pipeline?

A team is implementing a CI/CD pipeline for a Cloud Function using Cloud Build. Which three steps should they include in their cloudbuild.yaml? (Choose 3)

A startup wants to deploy a web application on App Engine standard environment. They need to handle sudden traffic spikes automatically. How should they configure scaling?

Which TWO features are provided by Google Cloud Deploy? (Choose 2.)

A company is deploying a containerized application on Cloud Run that needs to connect to a Cloud SQL (MySQL) database. The database must not be accessible from the public internet. Which two steps should the company take to secure the connection?

A developer wants to containerize a Node.js application and deploy it to Cloud Run. They need to ensure the container is as small as possible. What should they do?

Which Google Cloud database is best suited for high-throughput, low-latency caching to reduce load on a primary database?

A developer wants to quickly test changes to a containerized web application that will run on Cloud Run, without building and deploying a new container. Which approach should they use?

A company is migrating a 1 TB MySQL database to Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0. The source uses the utf8 charset and MyISAM tables. They need to minimize downtime. Which TWO actions should the team take?

You are designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a global user database. Users are identified by a UUID. You notice hotspotting on a specific node during writes. What is the most effective way to resolve this?

Which TWO statements about Cloud Trace are correct?

A developer wants to view real-time logs from a running application on Compute Engine. Which two methods can they use to stream logs? (Choose two.)

A company deploys a stateful application using StatefulSets on GKE. They need to store persistent data on regional persistent disks for high availability. However, during zonal failures, pods are not rescheduled quickly. What is the best approach to improve recovery time?

A DevOps team is migrating an on-premises monitoring solution to Google Cloud. They need to collect custom application metrics from a batch processing job running on Compute Engine. Which two services can ingest custom metrics into Cloud Monitoring? (Choose two.)

A company uses Cloud Build to build Docker images and push to Artifact Registry. They want to trigger builds automatically when code is pushed to a Cloud Source Repository branch. They also need to ensure that only builds from the repository's main branch are allowed to push to the production Artifact Registry repository. What is the best way to implement this?

A mobile app team wants to store user session state with low latency and support for pub/sub messaging. They need a managed service that automatically scales. Which database is BEST suited for this?

You are migrating a PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL. The database currently uses custom functions and PostGIS extensions. The target must support these extensions. Which database version and tier should you choose?

A financial services company needs a globally distributed, strongly consistent database that can handle OLTP workloads with high throughput and automatic scaling. Which Google Cloud database should they use?

A company has a hybrid cloud setup with on-premises applications that need to send messages to a Pub/Sub topic. The on-premises network is connected via Cloud VPN. What is the recommended way to publish messages?

Your Cloud Run service is experiencing 5xx errors. You have enabled Cloud Logging and Cloud Error Reporting. How can you quickly identify the most common error type?

A company is deploying a new web application on Google Cloud and needs a managed relational database with PostgreSQL compatibility. The database must support automatic failover within 60 seconds in case of a zone outage. Which database deployment option should they choose?

You are designing a Cloud Spanner schema with a parent table 'Customers' and a child table 'Orders'. To optimize read performance for retrieving a customer and their orders in a single split, you should use:

Which THREE methods are valid ways to deploy a containerized application to Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)?

You need a caching layer for a web application that handles high read traffic. The cache must support pub/sub messaging for cache invalidation across multiple servers. Which service should you use?

A company is designing a multi-region Cloud Spanner deployment for a global user base. They want to ensure the lowest possible read latency for users in North America and Europe while maintaining strong consistency. Which THREE configuration choices should they make? (Choose 3)

A company uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL and wants to run periodic analytical queries on the data without impacting the transactional workload. The data is updated frequently. Which integration approach is most suitable?

Refer to the exhibit. A developer creates this cloudbuild.yaml for a Cloud Build pipeline. When they run the build, they get an error that the image push failed. What is the most likely cause?

A developer uses this Cloud Build configuration to deploy to Cloud Run. The build succeeds but the deployment fails with an error that the service account lacks permission. What is the most likely missing permission?

A developer needs to implement caching for a Cloud SQL database to reduce read latency for frequently accessed data. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A company wants to deploy a containerized application to Cloud Run. Which two approaches are supported? (Choose two.)

A company is using Cloud Bigtable for a time-series workload. They want to monitor performance and identify hot spots. Which TWO Google Cloud tools or features should they use? (Choose 2.)

A company runs a Java microservice on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) using a standard cluster with 3 nodes. They use Cloud Build to build the Docker image and push it to Artifact Registry, then apply a Kubernetes Deployment manifest that references the new image tag. The Deployment has a rolling update strategy with maxSurge=1 and maxUnavailable=0. After a recent deployment, the new pods crash with 'CrashLoopBackOff'. The old pods are still running successfully. The application logs show a connection refused error when trying to connect to a Cloud SQL instance. The Cloud SQL instance is in the same project and region. The GKE cluster nodes have the appropriate scopes to access Cloud SQL. The application uses a Cloud SQL proxy sidecar container to establish the connection. The previous deployment worked fine. What is the most likely cause of the failure?

A company runs a microservices architecture on GKE with gRPC services. They want to implement traffic splitting for canary deployments. Which THREE components should they use?

A company is migrating from MySQL 5.7 to Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0. They have a mix of MyISAM and InnoDB tables, and their application uses utf8 charset. They want to minimize changes to the application code. Which THREE changes should they make during migration? (Choose 3 options.)

A financial services company needs to maintain a backup of their Bigtable instance in a different geographic region. They want to restore the backup quickly in case of a regional failure. What should they do?

A financial services company runs a transaction processing microservice on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). The service uses Cloud Spanner as its database. After migrating from Cloud SQL to Spanner to improve scalability, the team notices that a small percentage of transactions fail with an 'ABORTED' error due to deadlock detection. The application currently performs no retries, and the failures cause customer-facing errors. The team also observes that under peak load, transaction latencies are around 500ms, which is acceptable but they want to ensure the system remains reliable. They need to implement a solution that minimizes failures while maintaining acceptable performance. Which course of action should they take?

An e-commerce platform uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL for its inventory database. To meet a higher availability requirement, they decide to enable the HA configuration. What is the expected recovery point objective (RPO) with Cloud SQL HA?

You are a developer at a company that runs a critical pricing engine on Compute Engine instances in a managed instance group (MIG) behind an internal TCP load balancer. The pricing engine is a stateful application that stores state in memory and also writes to a Cloud Bigtable instance for persistence. The application uses a custom port 8080. You need to migrate this application to Cloud Run for better scalability and reduced operational overhead. The application must maintain session affinity so that requests from the same client are routed to the same instance (since the in-memory state is not yet fully externalized). The application currently uses a health check on /healthz that returns 200 OK. You have containerized the application. When you deploy to Cloud Run, you notice that traffic is not sticky; every request might go to a different revision. You also need to ensure that Bigtable writes are performed asynchronously to avoid slowing down the pricing calculations. What should you do?

Refer to the exhibit. A company configured an HPA for their deployment. They notice that the HPA is not scaling based on the 'packets-per-second' metric. What is the most likely reason?

An organization is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL. They want to minimize downtime during the cutover. Which Google Cloud service should they use to perform an online migration with near-zero downtime?

A developer created a Cloud Function that makes an HTTP request to an external API. The above error occurs intermittently. The external API is working correctly. What is the most likely cause?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Google Cloud. They need a managed relational database with high availability, but they are not ready to redesign their schema for sharding. They also want to reduce licensing costs. Which TWO Google Cloud database services should they consider? (Choose 2)

During a continuous migration job from on-premises MySQL to Cloud SQL, the engineer notices that the migration job fails after the full dump phase with an error about character set mismatch. The source uses utf8 charset, but Cloud SQL defaults to utf8mb4. What is the best action to resolve this?

A company deploys a Java application on Compute Engine with a preemptible VM instance group managed by an instance template. The application writes critical state to local SSD. After a preemption event, the new instance starts fresh and loses state. What is the best practice to ensure state persistence?

A team is migrating a monolithic application to a microservices architecture on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). They want to ensure that failures in one microservice do not cascade to others. Which design pattern should they implement?

A company is designing a Bigtable schema for time-series data from millions of devices. Each device sends a reading every minute. The row key is currently 'device_id#timestamp'. The engineering team notices hot spots on a few popular devices. Which row key design change would BEST distribute writes across the cluster?

Which THREE are valid uses of Cloud Trace? (Choose three.)

A team uses Cloud Build to deploy applications that need to access a Cloud SQL database in a VPC. They want to avoid exposing the database to the public internet. Which configuration is required?

A startup is building a mobile app that needs offline support and real-time synchronization across devices. The data is primarily user profiles and activity logs. Which Google Cloud database would best meet these requirements?

A company wants to deploy a Bigtable instance for a production workload that requires high availability across zones. They also need to ensure consistent single-digit millisecond latency for reads. Which configuration should they choose?

You need to design a Firestore database for a mobile chat application that supports real-time updates and offline access. The app requires that users can only read and write their own messages. Which three configurations should you implement? (Choose three.)

Which Cloud SQL setting ensures that all client connections to the database use SSL?

A company is migrating an Oracle database to AlloyDB for PostgreSQL using Database Migration Service. They have completed a full dump and are now in the CDC phase. They want to test the target database with minimal risk. What should they do?

A company wants to lift-and-shift an existing on-premises MySQL OLTP application to Google Cloud with minimal changes. They need up to 64 TB of storage and 96 vCPUs. Which database service should they use?

A web application uses Cloud SQL for MySQL. The team expects a sudden spike in read-only traffic from a reporting tool. What should they use to offload read queries?

A company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL with automated backups enabled. They want to perform point-in-time recovery (PITR) to recover from an accidental data deletion that occurred 10 minutes ago. What must be configured for PITR to work?

A company is migrating a monolithic application to microservices on Google Cloud. They have strict requirements for service-to-service communication: requests must be authenticated, authorized, and encrypted in transit. They also need to enforce fine-grained access control based on the requesting service identity. Which Google Cloud service should they use to achieve these goals?

Refer to the exhibit. You run the above command to build and push a Docker image to Container Registry. The build fails with an error: 'denied: Unauthenticated access'. What should you do to resolve this?

An application writes structured logs to Cloud Logging. The team wants to create a metric based on the value of a JSON field 'order_total' to alert when totals exceed $1000. What type of metric should they use?

A company is deploying a containerized application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). The development team has built a Docker image and pushed it to Artifact Registry. They want to automate the deployment process so that whenever a new image is pushed to the registry, the application is automatically updated in the GKE cluster. Which combination of services should they use to achieve this?

A company runs a batch job daily that processes large files from Cloud Storage and stores results in BigQuery. The job requires significant compute for about 10 minutes and is fault-tolerant. Which compute option is most cost-effective?

A team is migrating a monolithic application to microservices on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). They want to ensure that if one microservice fails, it does not cascade to other services. Which design pattern should they implement?

A company wants to perform cross-cloud analytics, querying data stored in both Google Cloud BigQuery and Amazon S3. Which BigQuery feature enables this?

A team is using Cloud Monitoring to set up an alerting policy for a Compute Engine instance that runs a web server. The team wants to be notified if the instance's CPU utilization exceeds 80% for 5 minutes. Which threshold type should they use?

A gaming company wants to store player profiles and game state data that require strong consistency and the ability to run SQL queries. They also need to support real-time leaderboards with high write throughput. Which two Google Cloud databases should they consider? (Choose 2)

A company needs to run AlloyDB on-premises to maintain data sovereignty while leveraging the same management APIs as in Google Cloud. Which AlloyDB offering should they use?

A developer is writing unit tests for a Python Cloud Run service that uses Cloud Firestore. They want to avoid hitting the real Firestore during tests. What should they use?

An application deployed on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) is experiencing intermittent high latency. The operations team wants to quickly identify which specific code path is causing the delay. What should they use?

During a Cloud Build run, a developer sees the error: "Step #0: error: failed to fetch metadata: connection refused". The build is trying to access a private Docker registry in a different project. What is the most likely cause?

An engineer is deploying a Cloud SQL for SQL Server instance and wants to automatically increase storage when the disk usage reaches a threshold. Which flag should they set?

An organization runs a critical application on Compute Engine with a regional managed instance group. They want to achieve 99.99% availability. Which architecture should they use?

A financial services company is migrating a Redshift data warehouse to BigQuery. They need to stage data in Amazon S3 before transferring. Which service should they use to automate the transfer?

An organization is migrating a large Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They need to handle Oracle's SEQUENCE objects, which are used for primary key generation. Which THREE approaches are valid for this migration?

A team is designing a cloud-native application that must be highly available and resilient to zone failures. Which three practices should they follow? (Choose three.)

Your Bigtable cluster is experiencing high latency for a table that stores IoT sensor data. The row key format is deviceID#timestamp. You discover that most reads query the last hour of data for a few devices. How can you optimize row key design to improve read performance?

A company is using Cloud Bigtable for a time-series application. They need to ensure that if one zone fails, the database remains available for reads and writes with minimal downtime. Which configuration should they use?

A team is deploying a new version of an application on GKE using a rolling update. They want to ensure that the update proceeds only if the new pods are healthy. Which two steps should they include? (Choose two.)

A team is migrating a legacy application database to Cloud SQL. They want to implement versioned schema changes as part of their CI/CD pipeline. Which tool should they use?

A company wants to automate the deployment of a microservice application to Cloud Run using Cloud Build. They want to ensure zero-downtime deployments and traffic migration. Which three features should they utilize? (Choose three.)

A company is designing a highly available application on Google Cloud using multiple regions. Which TWO strategies should they implement to achieve this?

An organization wants to migrate a Redshift data warehouse to BigQuery. They have a large dataset stored in Redshift. What is the most efficient migration approach for the initial data load?

Refer to the exhibit. A developer runs the command and sees that the Cloud Run service is publicly accessible. The security team requires that only authenticated requests from a specific service account in the same project are allowed. What should the developer do to modify the IAM policy?

You are designing a global user-facing application that requires strong consistency, horizontal scalability, and 99.999% availability across multiple continents. Which database service should you choose?

A company is migrating a MySQL database to Cloud SQL. They want to test the migration by sending writes to both the old and new databases simultaneously and comparing results. Which TWO techniques should they use?

A company is migrating a Snowflake data warehouse to BigQuery. They need to convert Snowflake SQL to BigQuery SQL. Which TWO tools or services can assist with this conversion?

Your company is deploying a web application on Cloud Run using a continuous deployment pipeline from Cloud Build. The application is built as a Docker container and pushed to Container Registry. The Cloud Run service is configured with the '--no-allow-unauthenticated' flag. You have set up Cloud Build triggers to build and deploy on commits to the main branch. The deployment works correctly for the first few commits, but after adding a new environment variable in the Cloud Build configuration file (cloudbuild.yaml), the deployment fails with an error that the Cloud Run service cannot be updated because the new revision fails health checks. The application code has not changed. What is the most likely cause?

Refer to the exhibit. You have the above cloudbuild.yaml file. The build succeeds but the call to the function fails with a permission error. What is the most likely cause?

A team is migrating a Teradata data warehouse to BigQuery. They use BTEQ scripts for ETL. What is the best approach to migrate the BTEQ scripts?

A team uses Cloud Build to deploy a containerized application to Cloud Run. The build step fails intermittently with the error 'Failed to trigger build: Build timed out'. What is the most likely cause?

A company wants to back up their Cloud Spanner database for disaster recovery. They need a backup that can be restored in a different region. Which backup method should they use?

A developer needs to store configuration parameters for a Cloud Run service, such as database connection strings and API keys. The values must be encrypted at rest and in transit. Which service should be used?

An application running on Cloud Run experiences cold starts causing latency spikes. What is the most cost-effective solution to reduce cold starts?

A team is deploying a microservices application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). They want to ensure that if a pod fails, Kubernetes automatically replaces it and maintains the desired number of replicas. Which Kubernetes resource should they use?

A company uses Cloud Run for a serverless application that processes user uploads. Users report that sometimes the first request after a period of inactivity takes very long (cold start). The application is stateless. They want to minimize cold start latency while keeping costs low. The application is deployed with default settings: min instances = 0, max instances = 100, CPU always off, and a container image of 1GB. What should they do to reduce cold start latency?

An e-commerce platform uses Cloud Spanner for order management and Bigtable for product recommendations. They need to replicate order changes to the Bigtable cluster in real-time for updating recommendations. The team must ensure that all order updates are captured and delivered exactly once, in order, to the Bigtable pipeline. Which THREE components should they use?

A web application hosted on Compute Engine is experiencing slow response times during peak hours. Which Cloud Monitoring metric should be examined first to identify the bottleneck?

A company is migrating a monolithic application to a microservices architecture on Google Cloud. They want to decouple services and ensure that a failure in one service does not impact others. Which pattern should they implement?

A company uses Cloud Monitoring with custom metrics. They have a custom metric called 'requests_total' with labels 'endpoint', 'status_code'. They want to create an alert that fires if the error rate (status_code >=500) for any endpoint exceeds 5% over a 5-minute window. Which MQL query should they use?

A company is developing a microservices application on Google Cloud. Each service is deployed as a Docker container on Cloud Run. The development team wants to ensure that inter-service communication is encrypted and authenticated. What is the best approach?

Match each command-line tool to its primary use.

A company uses Cloud Run for a serverless application. They notice that cold starts are causing high latency for some requests. What is the best strategy to reduce cold starts?

Which THREE common issues cause deployment failures on App Engine? (Choose 3.)

Refer to the exhibit. The user developer@example.com tries to create a firewall rule and receives a permission denied error. What is the most likely reason?

A company has a Cloud Run service that ingests messages from a Cloud Pub/Sub subscription. The service uses automatic scaling based on CPU. Recently, the team noticed that when message volume spikes, the service scales up slowly, causing a backlog. What is the most effective solution to reduce the time to scale out?

Your team is using Cloud Build to build and test a Java application. The build includes unit tests, integration tests, and static code analysis. The build is failing intermittently due to flaky tests. You want to automatically retry the failed steps without rebuilding everything. Which Cloud Build feature should you use?

A development team wants to implement a CI/CD pipeline for a containerized application on Google Cloud. They are using Cloud Build and Cloud Deploy. The application requires canary deployments with automatic rollback if the error rate increases by more than 10% within 5 minutes after deployment. Which Cloud Deploy feature should they configure?

An application running on GKE is experiencing high latency. The team uses Cloud Trace to identify the bottleneck. They notice that a particular service spends most of its time waiting on a database query. How can they optimize performance?

A company wants to query data across Cloud SQL (MySQL) and BigQuery using federated queries. They want to avoid data movement. Which TWO components must be set up?

An application running on GKE needs to access a Cloud SQL instance. The team wants to avoid using Cloud SQL Auth Proxy to reduce complexity. What is the most secure alternative?

A company's Firestore security rules are too permissive, allowing all users to read and write any document. They need to restrict access so that only authenticated users can read and write their own data. Which rule structure should they use?

Your team manages a service that receives thousands of requests per second. They have set up Cloud Monitoring alerting based on the 99th percentile latency. Recently, they received an alert warning that latency exceeded 1 second, but after investigating, they found it was a false alarm caused by a single very slow request. How can they improve their alert to reduce false positives?

A company is deploying Cloud Bigtable for a high-throughput write-heavy workload. They need high availability and read scalability across two GCP regions. Which TWO actions should they take? (Choose 2.)

You are setting up Cloud Build to automatically deploy a container to Cloud Run when code is pushed to the main branch of a GitHub repository. What is the minimal configuration required?

A company is migrating from on-premises SQL Server to Cloud SQL SQL Server using Database Migration Service (DMS). During the continuous migration phase, they notice that the replication lag is increasing. What is the most likely cause?

A company is using Bigtable for real-time analytics and notices that certain row keys are causing hot spots. Which tool should they use to identify the hot spot patterns?

A company stores sensitive user data in Cloud Storage. They want to ensure that only authenticated users with the appropriate permissions can access the data, and that data is encrypted at rest. Which two steps should they take? (Choose TWO.)

A company uses Cloud Bigtable for time-series data. They want to enable disaster recovery with the ability to fail over to another region in minutes. What feature should they enable?

An engineer needs to deploy Cloud Spanner with the ability to scale compute capacity automatically between 1000 and 6000 processing units based on load, with a target high-priority CPU utilization of 65%. Which configuration achieves this?

A company needs to back up their Cloud Bigtable instance for disaster recovery across regions. They want to restore to a different cluster in a different region. What should they use?

A retail company is migrating its on-premises PostgreSQL OLTP database to Google Cloud. They require high availability with automatic failover and zero RPO. The application is latency-sensitive and must remain in a single region. Which TWO configurations should they choose? (Choose TWO.)

A company runs a stateful application on Compute Engine instances with local SSDs. They need to perform maintenance that requires stopping the instances. What is the best approach to ensure data durability and minimal downtime?

Your team needs to query data across Cloud SQL (MySQL), Cloud Storage (CSV files), and Bigtable using a single SQL query without moving any data. Which Google Cloud feature enables this?

An engineer is configuring Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with HA. They notice that after a failover, the original primary instance does not automatically resume as a standby. What is the likely cause?

A company needs to monitor the disk usage of their Cloud SQL instance to proactively increase storage before it runs out. They want to set an alert when disk usage exceeds 80%. Which metric should they use in Cloud Monitoring?

A developer needs to query data from Cloud Spanner and Bigtable together in a single SQL statement without moving data. Which Google Cloud feature allows this?

A global e-commerce company uses Cloud Spanner for transactional data. They need to stream real-time order changes to a BigQuery table for analytics. Which approach meets the requirement with minimal latency and operational overhead?

A team wants to monitor CPU utilization on their Compute Engine instances. They need an alert that sends a notification when the average CPU utilization across all instances in a project exceeds 80% for more than 5 minutes. Which alerting configuration should they use?

You are designing a Cloud Spanner database for a global user application that must enforce strong consistency across regions. The primary key of the main table is a UUID. You notice that write latency is high and suspect hotspotting. Which design change is MOST likely to reduce hotspotting?

A company uses Cloud Deploy for continuous delivery with multiple targets (dev, staging, prod). After a successful promotion to staging, the team discovers a critical bug and needs to roll back the production target to the previous release. The production target has already been promoted to the current release, but the staging target should remain on the current release. How should the team roll back the production target?

An engineer needs to secure a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance that contains sensitive data. They want to ensure that only specific Compute Engine VMs in the same VPC can connect, and that all connections are encrypted. Which THREE steps should they take? (Choose three.)

Your Bigtable instance is experiencing high latency on read queries that scan a large range of rows. The row keys are timestamps in descending order (e.g., '2024-01-01#user123'). What is the most likely cause?

Which TWO security best practices should be implemented when using Cloud Build to deploy applications? (Choose 2.)

A development team wants to test their application locally with Cloud Bigtable without incurring costs. Which instance type should they create?

A financial services company has a critical application that must survive a regional outage. They deployed on Compute Engine across multiple zones within a single region and now want to redirect traffic to a secondary region if the primary region becomes unavailable. Which load balancing solution should they use?

The developer runs the command above and sees both instances are unhealthy. The instances are running and serving traffic on port 80 when accessed directly. What is the most likely cause?

Which THREE are valid ways to create custom metrics in Cloud Monitoring? (Select exactly 3.)

A team uses GitHub for source control. They want to automatically trigger Cloud Build builds on pull request creation. Which two actions are required? (Choose two.)

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Database Migration Service (DMS). They need to minimize downtime and keep the on-premises database available for reads during migration. The migration plan includes a full dump followed by continuous change data capture (CDC). Which method should they use to validate the migrated data before cutting over?

A startup is deploying a Node.js application on App Engine Standard Environment. They have configured the application in app.yaml with runtime: nodejs16. After deploying with gcloud app deploy, the deployment succeeds, but when they access the application, they get a 502 Bad Gateway error. They check the logs and see "Failed to start container" and "Error: Cannot find module 'express'". The application uses Express. The team has confirmed that the package.json file includes express as a dependency. What is the most likely cause?

Which TWO best practices should be followed when deploying a containerized application to Cloud Run for production?

A developer wants to store application logs from Compute Engine instances in a centralized logging system. Which service should they use?

You are tuning a Cloud Bigtable table used for analytics. One column family, 'data', contains both frequently accessed columns (e.g., 'price', 'volume') and rarely accessed columns (e.g., 'raw_json'). To optimize performance and cost, what column family design is recommended?

A developer runs the above command and receives a successful deployment. However, the service is not accessible from the internet. The service is intended to be public. What should the developer check next?

A company is migrating from Amazon Redshift to BigQuery. They need to stage the data in Amazon S3 before transferring to BigQuery. Which service should they use to automate the transfer?

A team is using Cloud Source Repositories and wants to enforce code reviews before merging. What tool should they use?

A developer wants to automatically detect and capture application errors in a production environment on Google Cloud. Which two Google Cloud services should be enabled? (Choose two.)

A company is deploying a Cloud Spanner database for a global application. They need to minimize write latency for users in North America and Europe while ensuring strong consistency. They also want to control costs by only paying for the capacity they use. Which THREE features should they use?

An application uses Cloud SQL and is experiencing slow query performance. The team wants to monitor query latency and identify slow queries. Which Google Cloud tool should they use?

A developer runs the command above. What is the effect of the --promote flag in this deployment?

A developer deploys this Cloud Run service. During a load test, each incoming request starts a new container instance, even though concurrency is set to 80. What is the reason?

A financial services company is architecting a multi-database solution. They need strong consistency across Cloud Spanner and Cloud SQL for a critical transaction flow. However, two-phase commit (2PC) across heterogeneous databases is not supported. Which pattern should they adopt to maintain data integrity?

A company needs to migrate an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with near-zero downtime. Which TWO features of Database Migration Service (DMS) should they use?

You are a cloud architect at a financial services company. The company is deploying a new application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) that processes sensitive financial transactions. The application must be highly available across two regions (us-central1 and europe-west1) and must fail over automatically if one region becomes unavailable. The application uses Cloud Spanner as its primary database. Additionally, the application needs to send audit logs to a centralized Cloud Storage bucket for compliance. The current design uses GKE clusters in each region with a global HTTP(S) load balancer. However, during a recent test, when the us-central1 cluster was deliberately taken down, the load balancer continued to send traffic to that region, causing errors. You need to troubleshoot and fix the issue. What is the most likely cause and the best solution?

Drag and drop the steps to set up a Cloud Function triggered by a Cloud Storage event in the correct order.

A retail company uses Cloud Spanner as its global transactional database. They need to capture all data changes (inserts, updates, deletes) from specific tables and stream them to a Pub/Sub topic for real-time downstream processing. What Google Cloud feature should they use?

An application running on Compute Engine generates structured logs. The operations team needs to parse a specific field from the logs and create a metric that counts occurrences of a particular value. They want the metric to be available for alerting with minimal delay. What should they do?

A team uses Cloud Endpoints to manage their API. They want to monitor API latency for each API method. What is the recommended approach?

Match each Cloud Storage class to its typical use case.

A company is using Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL and wants to ensure that all connections to the database use SSL/TLS. They have set the `require_ssl` flag but still see some connections using non-SSL. What is the most likely reason?

A company wants to migrate an on-premises PostgreSQL 9.6 database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with minimal downtime. Which service should they use?

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Google Cloud. They need high availability with automatic failover and zero RPO. Which Cloud SQL configuration should they choose?

A developer is designing a data pipeline using Pub/Sub and Dataflow. They need to guarantee at-least-once delivery with no duplicates in the sink. Which Dataflow feature should they use?

Your team manages a serverless application deployed on Cloud Run. The application processes image uploads and stores metadata in Firestore. You have set up a Cloud Monitoring alert based on the 'request_count' metric for the Cloud Run service. The alert triggers when the request count exceeds 1000 requests per minute. Recently, the alert has been firing frequently, but the team notices that the application is performing well and there are no errors. The team is concerned about alert fatigue. You review the metric and notice that the request count metric is based on all HTTP requests, including health checks from the Cloud Run system. The health check requests account for about 30% of the total requests. What should you do to reduce unnecessary alerts while still monitoring real user traffic?

A company is deploying a batch job that runs once a day on Compute Engine. They are using a startup script to install dependencies and run the job. The job writes output to Cloud Storage. Recently, the job started failing intermittently with "No space left on device" errors, even though the persistent disk has 100 GB free. The team has verified that the disk is not fragmented and that the inode usage is low. The job processes large files and creates many temporary files in /tmp. They suspect the /tmp directory is filling up. What is the most likely cause?

A startup expects low and predictable traffic initially but wants to use containers with minimal operational overhead. Which compute service should they choose?

A team is deploying a microservices application on Cloud Run and needs to implement canary deployments with traffic splitting. They are using Cloud Deploy. What is the correct configuration to gradually shift traffic from the old revision to the new revision?

A financial services company needs a globally distributed database that provides ACID transactions across regions with 99.999% availability SLA. The workload is transactional, with up to 10,000 transactions per second. Which database should they choose?

A company deploys a stateful application on GKE using a StatefulSet with PersistentVolumeClaims (PVCs). After a node failure, the pod is rescheduled to another node but the PVC remains in 'Pending' state. What is the most likely reason?

A stateful service on GKE needs to persist data that must be accessible from any pod in the cluster, regardless of which node the pod runs on. Which volume type should they use?

You need to design a system that handles both high-frequency OLTP transactions and real-time analytical queries on the same dataset with low latency. Which Google Cloud database should you choose?

During a code review, a developer notices that the application's Cloud Storage client library is using the default credentials of the Compute Engine instance. What is a more secure alternative for a production environment?

Refer to the exhibit. A Cloud Build config deploys a new image to GKE. After the build succeeds, the pods restart with the new image but the application configuration is unchanged. What is the most likely cause?

You are designing a Cloud Spanner schema with a parent Orders table and an OrderItems child table. Queries frequently join Orders and OrderItems on OrderId. Which feature should you use to optimize read performance?

An organization uses Flyway for versioned schema migrations. They are migrating from PostgreSQL to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. What is the best practice for applying schema changes during the migration?

A developer is building a CI/CD pipeline for a microservices application. The pipeline should build a container image, run unit tests, and deploy to Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) only if all tests pass. Which Google Cloud service is best suited for orchestrating this pipeline?

You are designing a polyglot persistence architecture for an IoT platform. Device telemetry is stored in Cloud Bigtable for ingestion and low-latency queries. When a device registers a high-priority alert, you need to trigger an email notification. What is the recommended approach to decouple the alert processing from Bigtable?

A developer is deploying a Python web application to App Engine Flexible Environment. The application requires a specific third-party binary that is not pre-installed on the runtime image. Which two steps should the developer take to ensure the binary is available? (Choose two.)

A developer wants to deploy a Cloud Function that connects to a Cloud SQL database. What is the simplest way to securely inject database credentials?

You are designing a data pipeline that ingests streaming data from IoT devices using Cloud IoT Core, processes it with Dataflow, and stores results in BigQuery. The data volume is expected to be 10 GB per day with occasional spikes. You need to minimize processing latency and cost. Which configuration should you choose for the Dataflow pipeline?

A team is setting up a CI/CD pipeline for a Node.js App Engine application using Cloud Build. The source code is in Cloud Source Repositories. What must be configured to automatically run unit tests before deployment?

You need a fully managed, relational OLTP database that is PostgreSQL-compatible and can run analytical queries on the same data without extract-transform-load (ETL). Which Google Cloud database should you use?

A company is deploying a containerized application on Cloud Run that requires access to a Cloud SQL PostgreSQL instance. The application needs to connect to the database using private IP to minimize latency and avoid public internet exposure. The Cloud Run service and Cloud SQL instance are in the same region and project. The database user and password are stored in Secret Manager. Which two steps should the developer take to enable the connection? (Choose TWO.)

An organization is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL. They need minimal downtime and want to use Database Migration Service (DMS) with continuous change data capture (CDC). What is the correct sequence of steps?

An e-commerce company wants to use Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with high availability (HA) in the same region. What is the RPO (Recovery Point Objective) of Cloud SQL HA configuration?

An organization is migrating from Amazon Redshift to BigQuery. They have large datasets stored in Amazon S3. What is the most efficient method to migrate the data?

A financial services company is building a global payment system that requires strong ACID transactions across multiple regions, with 99.999% availability and automatic failover. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

A team is migrating a Teradata data warehouse to BigQuery using the BigQuery Data Transfer Service. They need to schedule regular incremental transfers. What is the correct configuration for the transfer?

A development team is using Cloud Monitoring to set up an alerting policy for a Compute Engine instance. They want to be notified when the instance's CPU utilization exceeds 80% for at least 5 minutes. Which alerting policy configuration should they use?

A company needs to store and analyze large amounts of log data with flexible schema and support for real-time analytics. They want to use a fully managed, serverless solution. Which THREE Google Cloud services could meet their needs? (Choose three.)

Which TWO Google Cloud services can be used to build a data pipeline that transforms and moves data between different databases? (Select 2)

A company is using Cloud Run for a stateless API. They want to ensure that the service can handle sudden traffic spikes. Which two features should they configure?

A startup is building a REST API on Cloud Run. They expect unpredictable traffic spikes and want to ensure the service can scale from 0 to many instances automatically. What scaling configuration should they use?

A developer is building a serverless application that processes user-uploaded images. The images are stored in Cloud Storage, and each upload should trigger a Cloud Function that performs image analysis and stores the result in Firestore. Which TWO Google Cloud services are essential for this integration? (Choose 2)

Which THREE of the following are best practices for building secure applications on Google Cloud?

A company is deploying a microservices architecture on Google Cloud using Cloud Run. They need to ensure that services can communicate securely with each other and with other Google Cloud services, such as Cloud Storage and Secret Manager. Which three steps should they take? (Choose three.)

During a rolling update, the new pods are failing to start because they require more memory than available on nodes. What is the most likely cause?

A team is planning to migrate a 500 GB MySQL database to Cloud SQL. The application can tolerate up to 2 hours of downtime. Which migration method should they choose?

A startup is building a mobile app with Firestore. They need to ensure that only authenticated users can read and write their own data. Which Firestore security rule pattern should they use?

A company is deploying a new financial application on Google Cloud that requires strong consistency, global scale, and the ability to handle millions of transactions per second across multiple regions. The application data has a relational structure. Which database service should they choose?

A company is designing a Cloud Bigtable schema for a time-series application. The application writes data from millions of devices and reads recent data by device ID and time range. Which TWO design patterns should they implement to optimize performance? (Select TWO.)

A mobile app developer wants a serverless NoSQL database that automatically syncs data offline and provides security rules for access control. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

A company wants to migrate their data warehouse from Teradata to BigQuery. They need to automate the loading of data on a regular schedule. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

You are designing a monitoring strategy for a microservices architecture running on GKE. Each service emits custom business metrics (e.g., order processing time). You want to create a dashboard that shows the 99th percentile latency for each service over the last 7 days. Which approach should you take?

A DevOps team wants to set up custom metrics for a serverless application running on Cloud Run. The application emits metrics using OpenTelemetry. They need to collect these metrics and create an alerting policy that triggers when the 99th percentile latency exceeds 500ms for 5 minutes. Which TWO actions must they take? (Choose two.)

An organization needs a globally distributed relational database with strong consistency across regions and the ability to scale horizontally without manual sharding. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

A developer is deploying a new version of a microservice to Cloud Run. The developer wants to ensure that the new revision is tested with a small percentage of traffic before rolling out to all users. Which TWO approaches can the developer use?

You want to migrate an on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL with minimal downtime. The source database is 500 GB. Which approach is recommended?

An organization is planning a re-architect migration of a monolithic Oracle database to a microservices architecture using Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL and Cloud Spanner. They need to split the schema into multiple databases while maintaining data consistency across services. Which approach should they use?

A developer deployed the Kubernetes Deployment shown. The application takes about 45 seconds to fully initialize and respond on the /healthz endpoint. What problem will occur with this configuration?

A company uses Cloud Spanner for a global application. They want to improve read performance for point-reads (individual row lookups). Which TWO strategies should they adopt?

During a MySQL to Cloud SQL migration using DMS, the migration job completes the full dump and CDC phases, but the cutover step fails. The error says 'Source database write operations still occurring'. What should the engineer do to complete cutover?

A company wants to create an SLO for their API with a target of 99.9% availability over a 30-day rolling window. They are using Cloud Monitoring. Which combination of resources and techniques should they use?

Which Google Cloud database service should be used to implement a low-latency session store for a web application that requires pub/sub capabilities and rate limiting?

A company runs a global e-commerce platform on GKE. They need to serve users with low latency from multiple regions. Which load balancing solution should they use?

A company is designing a global e-commerce platform on Google Cloud. The application requires low-latency access for users worldwide and must be highly available. Which load balancing solution should they use?

A company is designing a polyglot persistence architecture. They need to store (1) customer profiles with complex relationships and ACID transactions, (2) high-volume time-series IoT sensor data, and (3) interactive analytics dashboards. Which TWO Google Cloud databases should they choose for these workloads? (Choose 2 options.)

A financial services company is migrating a critical PostgreSQL database to AlloyDB using Database Migration Service (DMS). They want to minimize downtime by using continuous change data capture (CDC). After the initial full dump, what phase must be completed before promoting the replica to primary?

A healthcare company uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL to store patient records. They need to implement a disaster recovery plan with cross-region failover capability and minimal data loss. Which TWO steps should they take? (Choose two)

A company needs to store petabytes of time-series IoT sensor data and query it with single-digit millisecond latency at millions of reads per second. The data has a simple key-value structure with timestamps. Which Google Cloud database is MOST appropriate?

A company runs a batch job that processes large files from Cloud Storage every night. The job must complete within a 2-hour window. If the job fails, it should retry automatically. Which Google Cloud service should they use to orchestrate this job?

An organization is migrating an Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Database Migration Service. The source has many PL/SQL packages, sequences, and data types (NUMBER, VARCHAR2, DATE, CLOB, RAW). Which FOUR conversions are correct?

A company needs a database for an e-commerce application that requires strong consistency and the ability to scale horizontally across multiple regions. They expect high write throughput and need to support SQL queries. Which database should they choose?

You need to migrate an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL using Database Migration Service. The source database is behind a firewall without a public IP. Which connectivity option should you configure?

You are designing a Bigtable data model for an ad-tech platform that tracks user impressions. Which TWO row key design practices should you implement to avoid hotspots and ensure even distribution?

A manufacturing company collects time-series data from thousands of sensors and wants to store it in Cloud Bigtable. They need to design a row key that avoids hotspots and ensures even distribution of writes across tablets. Which row key design strategy is BEST?

A company uses Cloud Bigtable for time-series data and wants backups that can be restored in a different region for disaster recovery. Which backup method meets this requirement?

A developer is building an event-driven system using Cloud Pub/Sub. They need to ensure reliable message delivery and processing. Which three practices should they follow?

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They require automatic failover within 60 seconds in case of a zonal failure. The database must be available in the same region for low latency. Which configuration should they choose?

Your company runs a multi-tier application on Compute Engine with a Cloud SQL backend. Recently, during peak hours, users report slow page loads. Cloud Monitoring shows high CPU on the app servers, but no memory pressure. Cloud Trace shows that the application spends most of its time waiting for database queries. The Cloud SQL instance is a high-memory machine type with 16 vCPUs and 64 GB RAM, but CPU utilization on the database is only 30%. There are no slow query alerts. What is the most likely cause and what should you do?

A developer wants to receive notifications when the error rate of their application exceeds 1% over a 5-minute window. What should they create in Cloud Monitoring?

A company is migrating a PostgreSQL database to AlloyDB using Database Migration Service. They need to ensure the migration has minimal downtime and can be tested before cutover. Which THREE steps should they include in their migration plan?

A company uses Cloud Storage for backups. They need to comply with a regulation requiring immutable storage for 7 years. Which bucket configuration should they use?

A company runs a stateless application on Compute Engine behind a load balancer. They want to monitor the number of active requests per instance without adding custom instrumentation. What is the most straightforward approach?

A company is planning to migrate from MySQL to Cloud SQL for MySQL. They want to ensure the migrated database meets performance and security requirements. Which TWO configurations should they apply to Cloud SQL?

A company needs to build a CI/CD pipeline for a microservices architecture. They want to run unit tests quickly by only testing code that has changed. Which approach should they use?

Drag and drop the steps to set up a Cloud Build trigger for continuous deployment in the correct order.

A team uses Cloud Source Repositories for version control and Cloud Build for CI. The build configuration file (cloudbuild.yaml) includes a step that runs unit tests. The team wants to ensure that the build fails if any test fails. What should the developer do?

During an Oracle to PostgreSQL migration using Ora2Pg, a developer notices that PL/SQL packages are not being converted correctly. What is the recommended strategy to handle Oracle packages in PostgreSQL?

A startup is deploying a stateless web app on Compute Engine. They expect traffic spikes. What is the most cost-effective way to handle scaling?

You want to deploy a containerized application on Google Cloud that requires no server management and automatically scales based on HTTP traffic. Which service should you use?

A company has a Cloud Spanner instance with 1000 processing units and wants to enable auto-scaling. Which three parameters must be configured? (Choose THREE.)

You are deploying a stateful application to GKE. The deployment fails with an error: 'pods failed to fit in any node due to insufficient CPU'. The cluster has 3 nodes with 4 vCPUs each. The deployment requests 2 vCPUs per pod with 5 replicas. What is the most likely issue?

A developer needs to deploy a Python application to App Engine flexible environment. The application requires a specific version of a system package (libssl-dev) that is not included in the default runtime image. How should the developer install this package?

A company wants to deploy a database for a global application that requires strong consistency across continents, with the ability to handle millions of reads and writes per second. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

A retail company wants to run analytics queries across their Cloud SQL PostgreSQL database and BigQuery without moving data. They need to join sales data from Cloud SQL with customer demographics in BigQuery. Which approach should they use?

A company uses Datastream to replicate changes from an on-premises Oracle database to BigQuery. They need to also send the same change events to a custom application for real-time processing. Which TWO actions should they take? (Choose 2)

A startup wants to deploy a Python web application with low traffic and minimal operational overhead. They need to automatically scale down to zero when not in use. Which compute option should they choose?

You are designing a multi-region disaster recovery strategy for a Cloud Spanner database. The application requires read-your-writes consistency globally after failover. Which configuration should you choose?

A company is building a real-time leaderboard for an online game using Memorystore for Redis. They need to support millions of concurrent users, update scores frequently, and retrieve top 100 players. Which TWO features should they use? (Choose 2.)

A company needs a managed Redis instance for caching and pub/sub messaging in their application. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A developer is deploying an application on Compute Engine and needs to automatically apply security patches without downtime. The application runs behind a TCP load balancer. What is the best deployment strategy?

A team is designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a global user directory. To avoid write hotspots, which key design strategy should they use?

You need to continuously replicate change data from an on-premises Oracle database to BigQuery for real-time analytics. Which Google Cloud service is designed specifically for this purpose?

A company wants to query data across Cloud SQL, Cloud Spanner, and Bigtable without moving data. They need a solution that supports standard SQL and integrates with their existing business intelligence tools. Which TWO Google Cloud capabilities should they use?

A company's Cloud Bigtable instance is experiencing high latency and increased error rates for write requests. The Key Visualiser shows that a single row key prefix receives the majority of writes, creating a hotspot. What is the BEST long-term solution to distribute writes more evenly?

During a deployment to App Engine flexible environment, the new version fails to start and the logs show 'Container failed to start: context deadline exceeded'. The previous version remains serving traffic. What is the most likely cause?

A team is using Cloud Spanner and needs to query a secondary index with a STORING clause. What is the benefit of using STORING?

A developer is writing unit tests for a Python application that will run on Cloud Functions. The function makes HTTP requests to an external API. The developer wants to avoid making actual network calls during tests. What should the developer use?

A company uses Cloud Spanner for a globally distributed application. They need to capture all changes from a Spanner table and send them to a BigQuery dataset for real-time analytics. Which THREE Google Cloud services or features should they use?

A developer wants to connect to a Cloud SQL instance from a Compute Engine VM without whitelisting IP addresses and with automatic encryption. What should they use?

Which Google Cloud database is serverless and automatically scales to zero when not in use, making it cost-effective for variable workloads?

A team is deploying a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance and needs to enforce that all connections use SSL/TLS. Which flag must they enable on the Cloud SQL instance?

Your application writes structured logs to Cloud Logging. You want to create a metric that counts log entries with a specific severity level, then alert when the count exceeds a threshold. What should you do?

Which TWO practices should be followed when integrating Cloud Endpoints with a Cloud Run service to enforce API authentication and rate limiting?

An organization wants to cache frequently accessed session data for a web application to reduce database load. They require sub-millisecond latency and support for pub/sub messaging. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A company is running a Cloud Spanner instance with 1000 processing units. They notice high-priority CPU utilization exceeding 90% during peak hours, causing increased latency. They want to automatically scale capacity to handle the load while staying cost-effective. Which TWO actions should they take? (Choose 2.)

A company is deploying a containerized application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). The deployment uses a Service of type LoadBalancer. After creating the Service, the external IP remains pending for several minutes. The team has verified that the cluster has sufficient node capacity and that the pod is running. What is the most likely cause?

A company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL. They need to export data to Cloud Storage regularly. What is the recommended method?

A team is building a mobile backend on Google Cloud using Cloud Endpoints with Firebase Authentication. They want to protect their API from abuse by implementing rate limiting per user. What approach should they take?

A company is designing a real-time leaderboard for a mobile gaming application. The leaderboard must support millions of concurrent users updating their scores and querying rankings with low latency (under 100ms). Scores change frequently and require strong consistency for reads. The development team is evaluating Cloud SQL and Cloud Spanner. They estimate they need to handle 100,000 writes per second. Which database should they choose and why?

A company has an Oracle database and wants to migrate to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Database Migration Service. They set up a connection profile and a continuous migration job. After the initial load, the CDC phase begins. Suddenly, the source database has a schema change (adding a column). What happens?

A team is designing a Firestore database for a global mobile game. They need to support offline play and sync data when the device is online. Which Firestore feature enables offline sync?

A company is migrating an Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Database Migration Service (DMS). During the full dump phase, the migration fails with an error stating that the source database user does not have sufficient privileges. Which THREE privileges are required for the DMS user on the Oracle source? (Choose three.)

A company running a high-traffic e-commerce platform on Google Cloud experiences occasional data loss in their Cloud SQL database during failover events. The database is configured with a failover replica in a different zone. What is the most likely cause of the data loss?

A company needs to perform complex transformations and join data from Cloud SQL, Cloud Storage, and Pub/Sub to load into BigQuery. Which Google Cloud service is designed for this ETL/ELT workload?

Refer to the exhibit. A Cloud Build pipeline that deploys a Cloud Run service fails with the above error. The Cloud Build service account has the roles/run.admin role at the project level. What is the most likely cause?

A development team is deploying a new application on Cloud Run. They anticipate unpredictable traffic patterns and want to minimize cold start latency. They also need to ensure that the application can handle sudden spikes without request drops. Which configuration should they use?

An engineer is designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a social media application. The Users table and the Posts table have a parent-child relationship. To optimize read performance for fetching all posts of a user, which schema design approach should be used?

A company uses Firestore in Native mode for a mobile app. They need to enforce security rules to allow users to read and write only their own data. Which TWO steps are required? (Select TWO.)

A company is migrating a MySQL database to Cloud SQL for MySQL. They want to use Flyway for versioned schema migrations in CI/CD. Which TWO commands are part of a typical Flyway migration workflow?

A company wants to deploy a non-relational database for a real-time bidding application that requires low latency (under 10ms) and high throughput (millions of requests per second). The data model is key-value with a timestamp component. Which Google Cloud database is most appropriate?

Which TWO capabilities does Cloud Service Mesh (Istio) provide to help monitor application performance? (Select exactly 2.)

An engineer is using Firestore Security Rules for a mobile app. They want to ensure that a user can only read their own documents, where each document has a field 'userId' matching the user's authenticated UID. Which rule is correct?

You are designing a serverless application using Cloud Functions that processes events from Cloud Storage and Cloud Pub/Sub. The function must be idempotent and handle duplicate events. Which three best practices should you implement? (Choose THREE.)

A developer is building a Cloud Pub/Sub-based event-driven system. They need to ensure that messages are processed at least once, and they want to handle processing failures. What should they do?

An organization has Cloud Bigtable for real-time ad serving and BigQuery for analytics. They want to synchronize data changes from Bigtable to BigQuery every hour with a Dataflow pipeline. However, they notice that some updates are missed. What is the most likely cause?

An organization is migrating a large Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Ora2Pg. They have complex PL/SQL packages with overloaded procedures. What is the correct approach to handle these packages in PostgreSQL?

The alert is not firing even though error_count metric occasionally spikes above 10. What is the most likely reason?

A company runs a multi-service application on GKE and wants to create a Service Level Indicator (SLI) for request latency. They have set up Cloud Service Mesh (Anthos Service Mesh) with Istio. Which metric should they use for the SLI?

Which THREE components are essential for a complete application performance monitoring (APM) solution on Google Cloud?

A company wants to run HTAP workloads on a PostgreSQL-compatible database with a built-in columnar engine for faster analytics on transactional data. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

A startup is migrating a 100 GB PostgreSQL database from a self-managed VM to Cloud SQL. They want zero downtime during cutover. Which TWO features of Database Migration Service should they use?

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Database Migration Service (DMS). During the continuous migration phase, the source database has high write throughput, and the DMS job is falling behind. The replication lag is increasing over time. What should the engineer do to reduce lag?

A company is using Cloud Bigtable for a high-throughput write workload. They notice periodic latency spikes. Which two metrics should they monitor to diagnose the issue? (Choose two.)

A company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL and wants to achieve high availability with automatic failover across zones while minimizing data loss. Which configuration should they use?

A multi-region application uses Cloud Spanner. The team needs to ensure that a write is immediately visible to all subsequent reads, even those performed in different regions. Which consistency mode should they use?

Refer to the exhibit. The developer receives an error when creating the delivery pipeline. What is the most likely cause?

A database team is planning to migrate a 500 GB MySQL database to Cloud SQL. They require minimal downtime. Which Database Migration Service job type should they use?

You want to configure Cloud SQL for MySQL with high availability (HA). The application requires that failover be automatic and that the failover replica is in a different zone within the same region. Which configuration should you use?

A company deploys a web app on Cloud Run and configures a custom domain mapping with a managed SSL certificate. After mapping, the domain returns 404 errors. The Cloud Run service is accessible via its default URL. What is the most likely issue?

A company is deploying AlloyDB for PostgreSQL in multiple regions to support disaster recovery. They need the secondary region to be able to serve reads and automatically scale read capacity. Which configuration should they use?

You manage a global ecommerce platform using Cloud Spanner. You need to support a query that joins two tables on a foreign key relationship. The tables are parent and child in an interleaved table hierarchy. Which statement about performance is TRUE?

You are designing a cross-database solution where Cloud Spanner is the source of truth for transactional data. You need to stream all changes from Spanner to BigQuery for near-real-time analytics. Which approach should you use?

An engineer is planning a database migration and needs to assess the source database's size, schema complexity, stored procedures, and dependencies. Which activity is this part of?

A team is building a microservices architecture on Google Cloud. They want services to communicate asynchronously to avoid tight coupling. They also need to guarantee at-least-once delivery of messages. Which two services should they use together? (Choose TWO.)

An organization runs a stateful application on GKE that uses PersistentVolumes. They want to perform a rolling update of the application without disrupting the underlying persistent data. What should they use?

A company is designing a polyglot persistence architecture. They need to use Cloud SQL for transactions, Bigtable for real-time analytics, and BigQuery for reporting. They also need to keep data across these systems eventually consistent. Which TWO approaches should they use?

A development team wants to connect their Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance from a Compute Engine VM without exposing it to the public internet. They also want to avoid managing IP allowlists. Which method should they use?

An online gaming platform uses Cloud Spanner as its globally distributed database. They notice that write latency increases significantly during peak hours. The application performs many single-row writes with high consistency requirements. Which design change would most effectively reduce write latency?

You need to migrate an on-premises MySQL 5.7 database (2 TB) to Cloud SQL for MySQL with minimal downtime. Database Migration Service (DMS) is chosen. What is the correct sequence of steps to ensure a successful continuous migration?

A team wants to use Cloud Scheduler to trigger a Cloud Function that calls an external API every hour. The Cloud Function requires an API key for the external service. How should the team securely provide the API key to the function?

You are migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. You need to assess the migration feasibility and convert the schema. Which tools should you use?

A company is using Cloud Spanner for a global user database. They need to read recent orders for a user with strong consistency. The application currently uses stale reads with a max staleness of 10 seconds. Some users see inconsistent data. What is the BEST approach to guarantee strong consistency without significantly impacting latency?

A mobile application developer needs a serverless NoSQL database that supports offline data synchronization across devices and real-time updates. Which Google Cloud database service should they use?

A team is using Datastream to replicate from MySQL to BigQuery. They notice that the BigQuery table is missing some updates that occurred in the source. Which is the most likely cause?

A team is deploying a microservice application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). They want to ensure high availability and minimize downtime during rolling updates. Which TWO actions should they take? (Choose two.)

You are designing a Bigtable row key for an IoT telemetry application that writes one row per device per minute. Devices are identified by a 12-character device ID. To avoid write hotspots, which row key design is most appropriate?

A financial services company is migrating a globally distributed trading application to Cloud Spanner. They need strong consistency and low-latency reads across regions. Which THREE configurations should they choose? (Select THREE.)

You are designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a global user profile table. User IDs are integers from a sequence. You need to avoid hot spots during writes. Which primary key design is best?

A corporation needs to back up its Cloud Spanner database for disaster recovery. They require the ability to restore to a specific point in time within the last 7 days. What backup strategy should they implement?

Which TWO of the following are best practices when deploying applications on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)?

Your organization uses Cloud Functions (1st gen) to process events from Cloud Storage. Recently, you migrated to Cloud Functions (2nd gen) to take advantage of longer timeouts and concurrency. After the migration, some invocations fail with 'DeadlineExceeded' errors even though the total execution time is below the 60-minute limit. What is the most likely cause?

A company is using Cloud Bigtable for ad tech data. They have a single table with a column family containing frequently accessed columns and another with rarely accessed columns. To optimize performance, what column family design change should they implement?

A startup is building a social media application with a global user base. They need a database that can handle millions of concurrent users, provide strong consistency, and scale horizontally. They expect high write throughput and need to run complex SQL queries. Which database is most suitable?

A company runs a stateful application on Compute Engine instances with persistent disks. The application must be highly available and be able to recover from a zonal failure with minimal data loss. The current architecture uses a single instance in one zone. Which design should the team implement?

A company is using Cloud Build for CI and wants to store build artifacts in Artifact Registry. They want to ensure that only successful builds are promoted to production. What should they do?

Drag and drop the steps to configure a Cloud CDN with a Cloud Load Balancer in the correct order.

A developer is designing a serverless event-driven application that processes messages from Pub/Sub and writes results to BigQuery. The workload is unpredictable but must scale to zero when idle. Which compute option should they choose?

You need to deploy a critical update to a production service on GKE with zero downtime. Which deployment strategy should you use?

A company is using Cloud Bigtable for an ad-tech application with billions of ad impressions per day. They need to perform point reads on individual rows as well as scans over time ranges. Which column family design is recommended?

A data engineer wants to perform version-controlled schema migrations as part of a CI/CD pipeline for a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL database. Which tools should they use?

An e-commerce platform uses Cloud Spanner for its inventory system. They notice that the processing units utilization is consistently above 90% during peak hours, causing increased read latency. They want to automatically scale capacity based on load. What should they configure?

A company wants to run analytical queries across data stored in Cloud SQL (MySQL), Cloud Storage (Parquet files), and Bigtable without moving any data. Which BigQuery feature enables this?

A financial services company uses BigQuery for analytics but needs to store transactional data with strong consistency and sub-millisecond latency. They are considering Cloud SQL, Cloud Spanner, Bigtable, Memorystore, and Firestore. Which service meets all requirements?

A team is deploying a microservice on Cloud Run that requires environment variables with sensitive information, such as database passwords. What is the recommended way to provide these secrets?

A Cloud Run service experiences high latency under load. The service is a Node.js Express app that processes requests sequentially due to a global mutex. What is the most effective solution?

A company uses a polyglot persistence architecture: Cloud SQL for transactions, Bigtable for real-time analytics, and BigQuery for reporting. They need to synchronize data from Cloud SQL to Bigtable in near real-time. Which combination of services should they use?

A developer wants to deploy a containerized application to Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) and ensure that new pods are automatically created if an existing pod fails. Which Kubernetes resource should be used?

A company is migrating a 2 TB Oracle database to AlloyDB for PostgreSQL using Oracle to PostgreSQL migration tool (Ora2Pg). The migration must have minimal downtime. The team plans to use a two-phase approach: first a full dump, then incremental CDC. However, Ora2Pg does not natively support CDC. How should they achieve near-zero downtime migration?

A developer is integrating a legacy on-premises application with Cloud Storage. The application generates files that must be uploaded to a bucket. The developer cannot install any additional software on the on-premises server. Which approach should the developer use?

A team is migrating a monolithic .NET application to Cloud Run. The application uses .NET Framework 4.8 and depends on Windows-specific libraries. What is the recommended approach to containerize and deploy this application?

Which THREE steps are required to set up end-to-end testing for a Cloud Run service that uses Firestore and Pub/Sub?

You are designing a Bigtable schema for an ad-tech platform that tracks ad impressions. Each impression has a unique ID, timestamp, user ID, and campaign ID. Queries frequently filter by user ID and time range. Which row key design is MOST appropriate to avoid hotspots and support efficient range scans?

A financial services company needs to query data across Cloud SQL (PostgreSQL) and BigQuery without moving data. They want to use federated queries from BigQuery to access Cloud SQL tables. What must be created in BigQuery to enable this?

A team is developing a microservice that needs to store user profile images in Cloud Storage. The service is deployed on Cloud Run and will be invoked by other services via HTTP. The images are uploaded by users and the service must validate that the file is an image (e.g., JPEG, PNG) before storing it. The team wants to minimize costs and operational overhead while ensuring that only valid images are stored. The current implementation uploads the file directly to Cloud Storage from the client, but the team wants to add validation in the service. Which approach should the team take?

A company wants to send events from a custom application to Cloud Pub/Sub, then process them with a Cloud Run service. The application runs on Compute Engine. What is the simplest way for the application to authenticate to Pub/Sub?

You are configuring a Cloud Spanner database for a financial application. You need to ensure that queries on the 'Orders' table by 'customer_id' are efficient without performing a full table scan. You also want to avoid index joins when possible. Which TWO actions should you take?

A media company wants to serve video content globally with low latency and high throughput. Which Google Cloud service is best suited?

An organization is migrating from Oracle to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Database Migration Service. They need to convert Oracle NUMBER(10,2) and VARCHAR2(100) columns to appropriate PostgreSQL types. What are the correct mappings?

Which TWO are correct ways to reduce logging costs in Google Cloud? (Choose two.)

A company needs to secure their Cloud SQL for MySQL instance. They want to ensure that only applications running within their VPC can connect, and that all connections are encrypted. Which two steps should they take? (Choose two.)

Refer to the exhibit. A developer runs the above command to deploy a Cloud Function triggered by Pub/Sub. The function fails to execute when a message is published. The logs show: "Function execution took 60001 ms, finished with status: 'timeout'". What should the developer do?

A developer finds the JSON key shown in the exhibit in a Cloud Storage bucket that is publicly accessible. Which security best practice was violated?

A gaming company uses Cloud Spanner for their global leaderboard. They want to reduce the number of stale reads and improve read performance while maintaining strong consistency for writes. Which TWO strategies should they implement? (Choose two)

Refer to the exhibit. A developer uses the above cloudbuild.yaml for a Cloud Run service. The trigger is set to run on pushes to the main branch. After a push, the build succeeds but the deployment fails with a permission error. What is the most likely issue?

A company is designing a microservices application. They want to ensure that if one service fails, it does not cascade to other services. Which pattern should they implement?

During a migration from Teradata to BigQuery, the team needs to convert Teradata BTEQ scripts to BigQuery SQL. Which of the following is a key difference between Teradata SQL and BigQuery SQL that the team must account for?

A company runs a critical financial application on Google Cloud using Compute Engine instances in a managed instance group (MIG) with auto-scaling based on CPU utilization. The application stores state in a local SSD and relies on sticky sessions (session affinity). Recently, during a traffic spike, the MIG scaled out new instances, but some users lost their sessions because the load balancer routed them to a different instance. The team needs to maintain session persistence without sacrificing scalability. What should they do?

A company is planning to migrate an on-premises Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They want to use Google's Database Migration Service (DMS) for continuous migration with minimal downtime. Which source connectivity method does DMS support for connecting to the Oracle database over the internet?

A company needs a globally distributed relational database that provides strong ACID transactions across regions and a 99.999% availability SLA. Which Google Cloud database service meets these requirements?

A team wants to implement automated testing for a Python application deployed on Cloud Run. They want the tests to run as part of the CI/CD pipeline after the image is built but before it is deployed. Which approach should they use?

Your application is deployed on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). You want to monitor resource usage at the pod level. Which tool should you use?

You are troubleshooting a performance issue in a microservices application. Which TWO tools from Google Cloud's operations suite would you use to trace a request across services and identify the slowest component?

A Cloud SQL for MySQL instance configured with HA is experiencing a failover event. The application team reports that the database became unavailable for about 60 seconds during the failover. They want to minimize future downtime. What should they do?

A company is migrating from Oracle to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Database Migration Service. They need to ensure that the migration is validated before cutover. Which TWO actions should they take?

A developer is building a containerized application on Cloud Run. They want to test the application locally before deploying. Which two tools should they use? (Choose 2)

A data engineer needs to run a complex transformation pipeline between Cloud SQL and BigQuery, including joining data from both sources. The pipeline should run on a schedule and handle large volumes efficiently. Which service should they use?

You need a database that provides 99.999% availability SLA, global distribution, and supports ACID transactions across regions. Which Google Cloud database meets these requirements?

A team is developing a REST API on Cloud Run. They need to ensure that only authenticated requests from their corporate domain (example.com) are allowed. Which configuration should they use?

Which TWO of the following are valid strategies for testing Cloud Functions locally before deployment?

Which two statements are true about Cloud Load Balancing? (Choose two.)

Match each Cloud SQL database engine to its description.

Refer to the exhibit. A developer sees this log entry in Cloud Logging. The application is running on Compute Engine. Which tool should they use to further diagnose the cause of the connection refusal?

Refer to the exhibit. The alert fires when what happens?

A development team is using Cloud Trace to analyze performance bottlenecks in a Node.js application deployed on GKE. They have enabled trace sampling at 10% and can see some traces, but many requests are not captured. They want to increase the sampling rate to 100% for a specific high-traffic endpoint while keeping the default sampling rate for other endpoints. How can they achieve this?

A developer runs the above command and cloudbuild.yaml. The build fails at the deploy step with a permission error. The developer has the Cloud Build Editor role on the project. What is the likely cause?

Which Cloud Spanner configuration provides the highest availability and global read scalability?

A company needs to back up a Cloud Bigtable instance daily and be able to restore it to a different region in case of a regional outage. What is the recommended approach?

A team is using Cloud SQL for MySQL and wants to recover the database to a specific point in time within the last 7 days. They have automated backups enabled. Which feature must be configured to enable point-in-time recovery (PITR)?

A Cloud Spanner instance is experiencing high read latency. The instance has a single regional configuration. Monitoring shows high-priority CPU utilization is above 90%. What should the engineer do to reduce latency?

A developer needs to test a Cloud Function locally before deploying. Which tool should they use?

A company needs to run a PostgreSQL-compatible database with 4x faster OLTP performance than standard PostgreSQL, and also wants to run analytical queries on the same data without extracting to a separate system. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

Which THREE are best practices for building applications on GKE? (Choose three.)

A company runs a Cloud Spanner instance with 2000 processing units. They notice that the high-priority CPU utilization is consistently above 80% during peak hours. Which action should they take to improve performance?

A company uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL and wants to set up point-in-time recovery (PITR) with a recovery window of 7 days. They have automated backups enabled. What additional configuration is required to achieve PITR?

You are designing a global e-commerce application with a product catalog that must be strongly consistent across continents and have 99.999% availability. Transactions must span multiple items and maintain ACID guarantees. Which Google Cloud database should you choose?

A company is building a microservice that processes incoming HTTP requests, performs some business logic, and writes results to Firestore. The service has variable traffic with occasional spikes. The development team wants to minimize cold start latency and prefers to use a containerized application with a custom runtime. Which compute option should they choose?

Your mobile app uses Firestore to store user profiles. You need to restrict access so that users can only read/write their own data. Which Firestore feature should you use?

A company runs a stateful microservice that requires read-after-write consistency but can tolerate some latency for writes. They are currently using a single Cloud SQL instance and want to scale read traffic. Which approach should they take?

Your application uses Cloud Spanner with strong reads, but you are experiencing high latency for read requests. You don't need absolute consistency for every read; stale data up to 5 seconds is acceptable. How can you reduce read latency?

A mobile app needs to store user preferences and allow offline read-write sync when the device reconnects. The data is simple key-value pairs. Which Google Cloud database is MOST suitable?

A development team is building a containerized application on Google Cloud. They want to implement a CI/CD pipeline that automatically builds and tests their application on every push to the main branch. Which TWO actions should they take to achieve this?

A company deploys a containerized application to Cloud Run using Cloud Build. They want to implement a rolling update strategy with zero downtime. Which two actions should they take? (Choose two.)

A company is migrating from Redshift to BigQuery. They have large datasets in Amazon S3. What is the recommended approach to transfer this data into BigQuery?

A company is migrating a monolithic Java application to microservices on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). The application uses a shared MySQL database. The team wants to adopt a testing strategy that validates service interactions without deploying to a full cluster. Which testing approach is most appropriate?

A team is performing a shadow writes testing strategy as part of database migration validation. What does this involve?

What is the primary benefit of using Cloud Load Balancing with global anycast IP?

You deployed a new version of your application that uses Cloud Pub/Sub for asynchronous messaging. After deployment, you notice that messages are accumulating in the subscription backlog. You suspect the subscriber is too slow. Which tool should you use to diagnose?

A financial services company needs a globally distributed database with strong consistency across continents, 99.999% SLA, and support for ACID transactions. They expect millions of transactions per day. Which Google Cloud database should they use?

You need to create an uptime check for an external HTTPS endpoint and configure an alert that sends a notification if the check fails for 3 consecutive attempts. Which configuration is correct?

A company wants to run a batch job every hour that processes files from Cloud Storage. The job takes about 10 minutes. Which serverless option should they use?

Your company runs a production App Engine standard environment service (module 'frontend', version 'v2') that handles e-commerce checkout requests. You have set up an alerting policy on a custom metric 'request_latency' that fires when latency exceeds 500ms for 1 minute. Recently, customers have complained about slow checkout times, but no alert has fired. You examine the exhibit: the log entry shows a latency of 0.452s (452ms) for a request to '/api/checkout'. The custom metric is defined from OpenTelemetry instrumentation. What is the most likely reason the alert did not fire?

Refer to the exhibit. You are reviewing a Cloud Monitoring MQL query. What is the purpose of this query?

A developer needs to build a CI/CD pipeline that automatically tests and deploys a Node.js application to Cloud Run whenever a pull request is merged to the main branch. Which Google Cloud service should be used to trigger the pipeline?

A company uses Cloud Logging to store application logs. They need to keep logs for 3 years for compliance. What is the most cost-effective way to store logs for this duration?

A company is migrating a MySQL OLTP database to Cloud SQL. The database has a peak of 10,000 read queries per second (QPS) and 2,000 write QPS. The team wants to reduce read latency and offload read traffic from the primary instance. Which TWO actions should they take? (Choose TWO.)

A team is designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a hierarchical product catalog with categories and products. They want to ensure that products are stored in the same split as their parent category for low-latency queries. Which feature should they use?

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Database Migration Service (DMS). They need to minimize downtime during the cutover. What should they do to achieve a zero-downtime cutover?

A team is using Firestore for a mobile application. They need to write security rules that allow users to read and write only their own documents. The documents have a field 'ownerId' that matches the user's UID. Which THREE rule components should they use? (Choose 3.)

Which TWO are benefits of using Cloud Build for your CI/CD pipeline?

A company is designing a polyglot persistence architecture for a social media platform. They need to store user profiles (relational), posts (document), and activity logs (time-series). Which THREE Google Cloud databases should they choose for these respective workloads?

A team is building a serverless event-driven application using Cloud Functions and Cloud Pub/Sub. The function processes messages from a Pub/Sub subscription and writes results to Firestore. During peak hours, the function experiences high latency and some messages are being retried multiple times. Which three steps should the team take to improve reliability and scalability? (Choose three.)

A company serves static content (images, CSS) through a Cloud Load Balancer with Cloud CDN enabled. They release a new version of the website with updated image assets. After deployment, users still see old images, even though the new image files are served from the backend. The team has already invalidated the cache for the directory containing the images using the Cloud CDN invalidation feature with a specific path. However, the old images persist. What is the most effective additional step to ensure users see the new images?

A company is migrating a SQL Server database to Cloud SQL for SQL Server using Database Migration Service (DMS). They have created a continuous migration job with CDC. They need to test the migrated data before promotion without affecting the source. Which TWO actions should they take? (Choose 2 options.)

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL. They need to ensure high availability and minimize downtime during maintenance. They also want to enable IAM database authentication for enhanced security. Which three actions should they take? (Choose three.)

A team runs a microservice on Compute Engine behind a regional external HTTP load balancer. They want to automatically replace unhealthy instances without manual intervention. Which feature should they use?

A team uses Cloud Build to deploy a microservice to Cloud Run. They want to enforce that only builds from the main branch trigger deployments to the production Cloud Run service. What is the best approach?

An organization has data in Amazon S3 that they want to query from BigQuery without moving it. Which BigQuery feature should they use?

An organization uses Cloud Spanner in a multi-region configuration. They want to monitor performance and identify potential bottlenecks. Which three metrics should they review? (Choose three.)

A team is setting up a CI/CD pipeline using Cloud Build for a Node.js application. They want to ensure that only code from the main branch is deployed to production. Which TWO practices should they implement?

A team is designing a data pipeline that uses Cloud Storage for input files, Cloud Functions to process each file, and writes results to BigQuery. The pipeline must guarantee exactly-once processing of each file, even if the function fails and retries. Which approach should the team take?

A company is migrating a monolithic Java application to Cloud Run. The application takes 10 minutes to start. What is the best deployment approach?

A DevOps team is troubleshooting high latency in a Cloud Bigtable instance. They notice that the row keys are lexicographically sorted timestamps. Which TWO actions will MOST improve performance? (Select 2 answers)

Drag and drop the steps to deploy a containerized application to Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) in the correct order.

A team uses Cloud Build to build a Go application and deploy it to Cloud Run. The build triggers from a GitHub repository. The team wants to ensure that only commits to the 'main' branch trigger a production deployment, while other branches trigger a build but not a deployment. How should they configure this?

Your application running on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) is experiencing intermittent latency spikes. You have enabled Cloud Monitoring and Cloud Logging. Which approach would be MOST effective to identify the root cause?

An e-commerce company relies on a Compute Engine backend serving content to global users. They notice high latency for users outside the primary region. Which service should they add to reduce latency by caching content at edge locations?

A developer is writing integration tests for a Cloud Function that uses Cloud Firestore. The tests must run in a local environment without incurring costs or affecting production data. What should the developer use?

A startup wants to use Firestore for a mobile app. They need to restrict access so that users can only read and write their own data. Which Firestore security rule feature should they use?

A company has a Cloud Run service that uses Cloud SQL. They notice that the number of database connections is increasing over time, causing connection pool exhaustion. They have enabled Cloud Monitoring and see a custom metric for active DB connections. To proactively alert when the connection count exceeds 80% of the maximum pool size (which is 100), which alerting approach is most efficient?

You are migrating a MySQL application to Cloud SQL. The application uses a read-heavy workload with occasional writes. You need to offload read traffic to replicas and ensure high availability. Which THREE steps should you take? (Choose 3)

A development team uses Cloud Build for CI/CD with a monorepo containing multiple microservices. They want to implement a strategy where only the services affected by a commit are built and deployed. Which approach best achieves this?

A company needs to store petabytes of time-series IoT sensor data and query it with single-digit millisecond latency at millions of reads per second. The data has a simple key-value structure with timestamps. Which Google Cloud database is MOST appropriate?

A company needs to run hybrid transactional/analytical processing (HTAP) workloads on a PostgreSQL-compatible database. They want to use in-database ML inference and require 4x faster OLTP performance compared to standard PostgreSQL. Which database should they choose?

A security audit reveals that a service account has been granted excessive permissions. The exhibit shows the IAM policy for a project. Which statement best describes the security issue?

A company is performing a lift-and-shift migration of an on-premises Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using DMS with continuous migration. Which THREE prerequisites must be met before starting the migration job?

Which THREE practices should be followed when deploying a containerized application to Cloud Run?

A company has a legacy monolithic application running on Compute Engine that is being migrated to microservices on GKE. During the migration, they need to maintain performance monitoring across both environments. The legacy application uses Stackdriver Logging and Monitoring agents (now Ops Agent) and exports logs to Cloud Logging. The new microservices are instrumented with OpenTelemetry for traces and metrics. The team wants a unified view of performance across both environments, including distributed traces from the new services and log-based metrics from the legacy app. They also want to correlate logs and traces for troubleshooting. Which solution should they implement?

A financial application requires ACID transactions across multiple rows and tables in a single region with less than 10ms latency and strong consistency. The application must handle up to 10,000 transactions per second. Which database should you use?

A developer wants to profile their application's CPU and memory usage to identify performance bottlenecks. Which TWO Google Cloud services should they use?

What is the first step to resolve this error?

A company is using Database Migration Service to continuously migrate data from an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. The source database is behind a firewall. Which two steps are required to establish connectivity? (Choose two.)

An engineer needs to create a Cloud SQL MySQL instance that can automatically failover to a standby in a different zone within the same region. Which configuration should be used?

An organization runs a MySQL database on Cloud SQL. They want to ensure that all connections to the database are encrypted. Which action should they take?

A team is deploying a critical application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) and needs to ensure high availability and disaster recovery. Which THREE actions should they take?

A company is migrating a MySQL 5.7 database to Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0. They use MyISAM tables and utf8 charset. What changes must they make during migration?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to AlloyDB for PostgreSQL. They need to minimize downtime and ensure data consistency. They plan to use Database Migration Service (DMS). Which migration job type and configuration should they use?

A company is running a microservices application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). They have implemented Cloud Monitoring and Cloud Logging, but recently they noticed that the Istio-proxy sidecar logs are missing from Cloud Logging. The application pods are running correctly and the sidecar containers are present. What is the most likely cause of the missing logs?

An organization is migrating from Oracle to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Database Migration Service. The source Oracle database has many stored procedures with PL/SQL. Which tool should be used to automate the conversion of these stored procedures to PL/pgSQL?

A company is migrating a 5 TB Oracle database to AlloyDB for PostgreSQL. They need to validate the migration with a test replica without impacting the source. After testing, they plan to promote the replica to become the primary. Which migration strategy should they use?

Refer to the exhibit. A Cloud Run service is unable to connect to a Cloud SQL instance. The log entry shows the following. What is the most likely cause?

A company has a Cloud Function that processes events from Cloud Pub/Sub. The function uses HTTP client libraries to call external APIs. The team notices that the function sometimes times out during high traffic. Which THREE actions should they take to improve reliability? (Choose THREE.)

Drag and drop the steps to configure a Cloud Storage bucket with uniform bucket-level access in the correct order.

Match each Cloud Logging and Monitoring concept to its definition.

A company is designing a scalable web application on Google Cloud. They expect variable traffic and want to automatically scale resources based on load. Which two services can automatically scale? (Choose two.)

Which Google Cloud database service is fully serverless and can scale to zero when not in use, making it cost-effective for variable workloads?

A global e-commerce platform uses Cloud Spanner. They need to design a schema for product inventory that supports high write throughput and avoids hotspots. Which TWO practices should they follow? (Select 2 answers)

An application uses Cloud SQL MySQL for OLTP and wants to run analytics queries without impacting performance. Which TWO approaches can achieve this? (Select 2)

A Cloud Spanner instance is configured with 1000 processing units. The workload has unpredictable traffic spikes. To ensure consistent performance, the team wants to automatically adjust capacity based on a high-priority CPU target of 60%. What should they configure?

An application running on GKE uses a custom metric to track order processing time. The metric is exported via Prometheus and ingested by Cloud Monitoring using the Managed Service for Prometheus. The team wants to create an alert when the 95th percentile latency exceeds 2 seconds over a 5-minute window. Which PromQL query should be used?

A developer wants to store secrets (e.g., API keys) for use in Cloud Functions without exposing them in the source code. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

Which THREE are valid approaches for automating testing in a Cloud Build CI pipeline?

A team uses Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) with Node Auto-Provisioning. They want to optimize cost while maintaining high availability across zones. Which two strategies should they implement? (Select exactly 2.)

A team wants to deploy infrastructure as code on Google Cloud. They need a declarative language that supports modularity and state management. Which tool should they choose?

You are troubleshooting a web application deployed on Compute Engine instances behind a target pool. Users report intermittent timeouts when accessing the application via the forwarding rule's IP address. Based on the exhibit, what is the most likely cause of the issue?

A company is designing a disaster recovery strategy for a global e-commerce platform using Cloud Spanner. They need to ensure that the system can survive a regional outage with minimal data loss and automatic failover. Which TWO configurations should they choose? (Choose 2.)

A company runs a Java microservice on GKE that processes financial transactions. The service is critical and must meet a 99.9% availability SLO. They have set up Cloud Monitoring alerting policies based on request latency and error rate. Recently, the team noticed that the alerting policy for high latency fires too frequently with false positives, causing alert fatigue. They want to reduce false positives without compromising real issues. The latency metric is collected from the application's custom metric via Prometheus. Which approach should they take?

Your Cloud Run service experiences high latency during traffic spikes. You need to reduce p95 latency without over-provisioning. Which action should you take?

A developer is using Firestore in Native mode for a mobile app. They want to secure data access based on user authentication. Which TWO mechanisms should they use? (Choose two)

A company wants to run hybrid transactional/analytical processing (HTAP) workloads on a PostgreSQL-compatible database with built-in columnar engine for faster analytical queries. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

An administrator runs the above command to create a Compute Engine instance. However, the nginx service does not start. What is the most likely cause?

You are deploying a Python Cloud Function using the Google Cloud CLI. The deployment fails with 'ERROR: (gcloud.functions.deploy) ResponseError: status=[404], code=[OK], message=[The function ... does not exist]' but the function already exists. What is the most likely cause?

A developer is deploying a Node.js application to App Engine flexible environment. They need to install custom dependencies and run startup scripts. Which two configuration elements should they define in the app.yaml? (Choose two.)

A Cloud Bigtable instance is experiencing high read latency on a table storing time-series data. The row key is a concatenation of metric_type, timestamp, and device_id. Most queries filter by metric_type and a time range. Which row key redesign would MOST improve read performance?

A developer needs to connect to a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance from a Compute Engine VM without adding the VM's IP to an authorized networks list. Which method should they use?

A developer is setting up a Cloud Build configuration file for a Node.js application. They want to ensure that build steps are executed only when changes are pushed to the 'main' branch. What is the correct approach?

A company deploys a microservice on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) with a Cloud Deploy delivery pipeline. The application uses a custom container image stored in Artifact Registry. After a successful deployment to a staging cluster, the production deployment fails with 'ImagePullErr: image not found'. The staging and production clusters are in different projects. What is the most likely cause?

A developer notices that a Cloud Function is timing out after 60 seconds. The function makes an external API call that occasionally takes longer than the timeout. What is the best practice to handle this?

During an Oracle to PostgreSQL migration using Database Migration Service (DMS), the continuous replication fails with an error about unsupported data types. The source table uses Oracle's RAW data type. How should this be handled?

A developer is writing unit tests for a Cloud Function that reads from Firestore. They want to avoid real Firestore calls in tests. Which approach is best?

A developer deployed the above Cloud Run service YAML. The service deploys successfully but any request fails with a 503 error. What is the most likely cause?

A team is deploying a containerized application to Google Kubernetes Engine using a Deployment and a Service of type LoadBalancer. The application is a web server that should be accessible on port 80. After deployment, the external IP is assigned, but when they try to access http://<EXTERNAL_IP>:80, they get a connection timeout. The pods are running, and the logs show the web server is listening on port 8080. The team has verified that the cluster firewall rules allow traffic on port 80. They have also confirmed that the pods are healthy and no network policies are in place. What is the most likely cause?

A company is building a polyglot persistence architecture. They need to choose the correct Google Cloud databases for the following requirements: (1) ACID transactions for financial orders, (2) high-throughput time-series sensor data, and (3) real-time session cache. Which THREE databases should they choose? (Choose 3)

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL 8.0 OLTP application to Google Cloud. The application requires high availability with automatic failover and zero RPO. Which Google Cloud database and configuration should they use?

Match each Cloud CDN feature to its benefit.

A company runs a stateful application on Compute Engine. They need to achieve an RPO of less than 15 minutes and an RTO of less than 30 minutes for a regional disaster. Which three steps should they include in their disaster recovery plan? (Select exactly 3.)

A company uses Cloud Spanner for global transaction processing. They need to export a full database backup to GCS in a portable format for long-term archival. Which method should they use?

A company is running a global application on Cloud Spanner. They notice high write latency on a specific table because a frequently updated row is being accessed by many clients simultaneously. Which design pattern should they implement to distribute writes across multiple nodes and reduce contention?

Refer to the exhibit. The Cloud Run service is experiencing high tail latency under moderate load. Which change would most effectively reduce latency?

A company is migrating a legacy Java application to Cloud Run. The application requires a specific Java version (Java 11) and writes temporary files to disk. The application also uses a proprietary library that is not available in public repositories. The team has created a Dockerfile that installs Java 11, copies the JAR file, and sets the entrypoint. They are using Cloud Build to build the container and deploying to Cloud Run. The deployment succeeds, but when they send requests, the application fails with a "Permission denied" error when trying to write to /tmp. The team has verified that the Cloud Run service has the correct permissions via a service account. They have also checked that the filesystem is writable at /tmp by default. What is the most likely cause of the error?

A company uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with a cross-region replica for disaster recovery. They need to perform a regional failover with minimal data loss. What configuration is required?

A large e-commerce platform uses Cloud Bigtable to store user session data and product recommendations. They have a single cluster in a single zone. During a recent zone outage, the application became unavailable for 30 minutes because Cloud Bigtable was unreachable. The team needs to ensure high availability for the session data with a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of less than 5 minutes and a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of zero (no data loss). What should they do?

A company wants to monitor the CPU utilization of their Compute Engine instances and automatically trigger scaling actions if utilization exceeds 80% for 5 minutes. Which service should they use?

A developer deploying a new version of a microservice sees a sudden increase in error logs in Cloud Logging. The errors are 500 responses from the service. What is the most efficient way to investigate the root cause?

Which TWO of the following are valid ways to export Cloud Logging logs to BigQuery?

A development team is using Cloud Build to deploy containerized applications to GKE. They want to ensure that only containers that have passed security scans and unit tests are deployed to production. Which approach should they use?

A company runs a global stock trading platform that requires strong consistency across regions. They need to read the latest account balance after each trade. Which Cloud Spanner read mode should they use?

A company is planning to migrate from Snowflake to BigQuery. They have existing complex SQL transformations using Snowflake-specific functions like LISTAGG and PIVOT. What is the best approach to handle these differences?

A company is deploying a globally distributed user authentication service using Cloud Spanner. They need strong consistency for all reads and writes. Which two features should they use? (Choose two.)

A company needs to store petabytes of time-series IoT sensor data and query it with single-digit millisecond latency at millions of reads per second. The data has a simple key-value structure with timestamps. Which Google Cloud database is MOST appropriate?

A Cloud Spanner instance is experiencing high latency for global secondary index queries. The team notices that queries on the secondary index are performing full table scans instead of index scans. What is the most likely cause?

You are a site reliability engineer for a fintech company that runs a latency-sensitive trading application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). The application is instrumented with OpenTelemetry and exports traces and metrics to Cloud Monitoring and Cloud Logging. Recently, the team observed a gradual increase in p99 latency from 50ms to 500ms over the past week, and error rates have spiked to 5% from a baseline of 0.1%. You review the Cloud Monitoring dashboards and notice that the 'container/cpu/utilization' metric shows normal usage, but the 'container/memory/bytes_used' metric shows a steady climb, reaching 90% of the memory limit on several pods. The application logs contain many 'OutOfMemoryError' exceptions and 'GC overhead limit exceeded' messages. You also see that the HPA (Horizontal Pod Autoscaler) has not triggered any scale-up events because the 'custom/googleapis.com|container/cpu/utilization' metric is below the target utilization threshold. The cluster autoscaler is enabled and has sufficient node pool capacity. What is the most likely root cause and the best immediate action to resolve the issue?

To monitor Cloud SQL query performance, which metric should an engineer examine to see the rate of queries being executed?

A company needs to run HTAP (hybrid transactional/analytical processing) workloads on PostgreSQL. They require 4x faster OLTP performance than standard PostgreSQL and the ability to run analytical queries directly on transactional data without ETL. Which TWO Google Cloud databases should they consider? (Choose two)

A company is using Cloud Monitoring to set up an SLO for a latency-sensitive API. They have defined a custom SLI: the proportion of requests with latency under 200ms. Which three components must they define to create a complete SLO configuration? (Choose three.)

A developer needs to store session state for a user in a cloud-native application. Which storage solution is most appropriate?

An engineer is designing a disaster recovery plan for a production AlloyDB cluster. The primary cluster is in us-central1. They need a cross-region replica that can be promoted to primary in the event of a regional failure. The replica should also be able to handle read traffic in the secondary region. Which THREE steps should they take? (Choose 3.)

A company is migrating from MySQL 5.7 to Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0. After migration, a legacy application that uses the 'GROUP BY' clause with implicit sorting stops working correctly. What is the most likely cause?

A company deploys a microservice on Cloud Run and wants to minimize cold starts during traffic spikes. Which two steps should they take? (Select exactly 2.)

A company has a multi-module repository. They want to build only the modules that have changes. Which two features can they combine to achieve this? (Choose 2)

A company needs to run analytics on their Cloud SQL database without affecting OLTP performance. They want to use a read replica. What is the BEST practice?

An e-commerce company is migrating its on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL. They require synchronous replication to a standby instance in the same region for automatic failover with zero RPO. Which Cloud SQL configuration should they use?

A team is using Cloud Build to build a Go application. They want to cache Go module dependencies across builds to speed up builds. Which configuration should they add to cloudbuild.yaml?

A company needs to migrate a self-managed PostgreSQL database (version 12) to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with minimal downtime. They plan to use Database Migration Service (DMS). What is the correct set of steps?

An organization is migrating a critical application to Google Cloud and needs to ensure high availability and disaster recovery. The application runs on Compute Engine and uses a stateful database. Which three design choices should they make? (Choose three.)

A company is deploying a microservices architecture on GKE. They need to expose a set of related microservices under a single external IP address with path-based routing. Which Kubernetes resource should they use?

A financial services company is migrating from Oracle to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They need to ensure data consistency during the migration and minimize downtime. Which two actions should they take? (Choose 2)

A retail company processes customer orders through a pipeline. New orders are written to a Cloud Storage bucket as JSON files. A Cloud Function (currently triggered directly by Cloud Storage finalize events) parses the order and sends it to a third-party fulfillment service via an HTTP POST. As order volume grows, the team observes that the Cloud Function often times out (60s default) because the fulfillment service is slow. The team wants to decouple the processing to improve reliability. The order must be attempted at least once, and if the fulfillment service fails, retries should be exponential with a maximum of 5 attempts. Which solution should the team implement?

An organization needs to secure Cloud SQL for MySQL instances. Which two measures should they implement to restrict network access? (Choose TWO.)

A company is migrating a PostgreSQL application to AlloyDB for improved OLTP performance and the ability to run analytical queries on the same data. Which feature of AlloyDB BEST supports this hybrid HTAP workload?

Drag and drop the steps to troubleshoot a failed Cloud Build in the correct order.

You are deploying a Cassandra database on GKE. Which resource type should you use to ensure stable network identities and persistent storage per pod?

Which TWO statements are true about Cloud Functions? (Choose two.)

A company is migrating a critical on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL. They need to test the migration with production data shape without affecting the source. What is the recommended testing strategy?

A team is deploying a containerized application to Cloud Run. The application needs to process large files (up to 500 MB) uploaded by users. Which storage approach should they use to avoid Cloud Run's request size limit?

A company runs a web application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) that uses Cloud SQL for its database. The application is deployed via Cloud Build and uses a custom container image stored in Artifact Registry. Recently, the development team noticed that new deployments are failing with a 'CrashLoopBackOff' error in the pod logs. The logs indicate that the application cannot connect to the Cloud SQL instance. The application uses the Cloud SQL Proxy sidecar container to connect. The Cloud SQL Proxy configuration has not changed recently. The GKE cluster is in region us-central1, and the Cloud SQL instance is in us-central1 as well. The team verified that the Cloud SQL instance is running and accepting connections from authorized networks. They also confirmed that the service account used by the pod has the 'Cloud SQL Client' role. The application has been running stable for months until a recent GKE cluster upgrade. The deployment YAML uses environment variables for database connection. The Cloud SQL Proxy is deployed as a sidecar container with command: '/cloud_sql_proxy -instances=<instance-connection-name>=tcp:5432'. The pod logs show the proxy attempting to connect but timing out. The network team confirms that there are no firewall rules blocking the connection. The Cloud SQL instance has an authorized network entry for the GKE cluster's nodes' IP range. What is the most likely cause of the connection failure?

A team wants to monitor custom application metrics from a Compute Engine instance. They use the Cloud Monitoring agent. Which metric type should they use to report a gauge measurement like current memory usage?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They require a deployment that supports up to 30,000 transactions per second (TPS) and provides automatic storage scaling. Which instance configuration should they choose?

A Cloud Spanner query that uses a secondary index is taking longer than expected. The index includes a large payload column. How can the query performance be improved?

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL. They want to minimize downtime and ensure data consistency using a one-time migration. Which approach should they use?

An organization is migrating a large Oracle database to Cloud Spanner using Database Migration Service. They need to convert stored procedures and functions from PL/SQL to Spanner's SQL dialect. What is the best approach?

A company has a monorepo with multiple services. They want to only build and test the services that have changed in a given commit. Which Cloud Build feature should they use?

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL 5.7 database to Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0. The database includes MyISAM tables. What is the required action for these tables?

A developer deploys a service on Cloud Run with a concurrency setting of 1. The service makes external API calls. Under heavy load, the service starts returning 503 errors. What is the most likely cause?

You are deploying a Node.js application on Cloud Run. The container image is stored in Artifact Registry. After deploying with gcloud run deploy, the revision fails with 'Container failed to start. Failed to start and then listen on the port defined by the PORT environment variable.' The application listens on port 8080 by default. The Dockerfile uses EXPOSE 8080. The Cloud Run service is configured with container port 8080. You have verified that the container starts locally using docker run -p 8080:8080. What is the most likely cause of the startup failure?

A company is migrating from Oracle to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They have a stored procedure that uses Oracle's DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE for logging. How should they convert this to PostgreSQL?

A company is migrating a MySQL database with MyISAM tables to Cloud SQL for MySQL. They want to ensure the target database uses InnoDB for better transactional support and crash recovery. What should they do?

A company uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL as its primary database. They want to query this data from BigQuery for analytics without moving the data. They also need to ensure that BigQuery queries see the most recent data (within seconds of changes). Which approach is most suitable?

A company is designing a cloud-native application on Google Cloud that requires low-latency access to a global user base. The application serves static content and dynamic APIs. Which strategy best minimizes latency while maintaining high availability?

A company runs a stateful application on Compute Engine with regional persistent disks. They want to achieve high availability with automatic failover in case of a zone failure. Which architecture meets these requirements?

A developer wants to run integration tests against a Cloud Spanner emulator in a local development environment. What is the best way to set up the emulator?

An engineer is migrating a large on-premises SQL Server database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They need to continuously replicate changes during the migration to minimize downtime. Which Database Migration Service job type should they use?

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL. They need to ensure minimal downtime and continuous replication during the migration. Which approach should they use?

Which TWO statements about building container images for Google Cloud Run are correct? (Choose TWO.)

A company uses Cloud Build to build Docker images and push them to Artifact Registry. They want to ensure that only images built from a specific Cloud Build trigger are deployed to production. Which combination of steps should they implement?

A company is using Database Migration Service to migrate an on-premises PostgreSQL database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. The source database is behind a firewall that does not allow direct connections from Google Cloud. What connectivity option should they use?

A company uses Cloud Build for CI/CD. They need to deploy a containerized app to Cloud Run automatically on every push to the main branch. Which Cloud Build configuration step is necessary?

A DevOps team is designing a CI/CD pipeline for a microservices application deployed on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). They want to automatically build and deploy each service when a new tag is pushed to its repository. They also need to run integration tests against a staging environment before promoting to production. Which service should they use to orchestrate the pipeline?

A company wants to use BigQuery to query data stored in AWS S3 without copying it to Google Cloud. Which Google Cloud feature should they use?

A developer runs the command shown in the exhibit. They need to ensure that the application running on instance-3 can be restored quickly if it fails. What should they do?

A company is migrating a 500 GB MySQL database to Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0. They want to test the migration with minimal risk before the final cutover. Which TWO testing approaches should they use?

A company is deploying a static website on Cloud Storage with a custom domain. They want to serve the website over HTTPS. They have created a bucket with the same name as the domain and uploaded the files. They have verified the domain ownership in Search Console and added the bucket as a CNAME record in their DNS. Users report that when they navigate to the domain, they get a 404 error. The company has verified that the bucket's main page suffix is set to index.html. The team is confident the files are uploaded correctly. They need to resolve the 404 error and serve the site over HTTPS. What should they do?

You are configuring a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance for high availability. The instance must have automatic failover in under 60 seconds and avoid any data loss. Which configuration meets these requirements?

You are configuring a Cloud Monitoring alerting policy for a Cloud Run service. The service has a maximum of 10 concurrent requests per instance. You want to be alerted when the average number of concurrent requests per instance exceeds 8 for at least 1 minute. Which metric and condition type should you use?

A company is designing a globally distributed application using Cloud Spanner. The application requires strong consistency and the ability to handle high read/write throughput. The team is concerned about inter-continental latency. Which two design choices would optimize performance while maintaining strong consistency? (Choose two.)

A company uses Cloud Bigtable for a time-series application. They need to create a backup that can be restored to a different cluster in a different region for disaster recovery. Which THREE statements about Bigtable backups are correct?

A company runs a global e-commerce site on Cloud Spanner. They notice that some queries on the Orders table by customer_id are slow because customer_id is not part of the primary key (order_id). They want to avoid full table scans. Which TWO actions will improve query performance? (Choose two)

A company is migrating a legacy monolithic application to Google Cloud. They want to minimize code changes and operational overhead while improving scalability. The application currently uses a relational database and stores user-uploaded images on a local filesystem. Which combination of Google Cloud services should they use?

A company needs to synchronize sales transactions from an on-premises Oracle database to BigQuery for near-real-time analytics. They want a serverless solution that requires minimal operational overhead. Which TWO services should they consider?

An organization is migrating a MySQL 5.7 database to Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0. They must ensure compatibility of character sets and collations. Which THREE aspects should they review?

A media company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL for its user data and needs to export daily snapshots to BigQuery for reporting. The reporting must reflect data as of midnight UTC. Which approach is most cost-effective and efficient?

You need to perform a one-time historical data migration from an on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL for MySQL. The database is 500 GB, and you can afford several hours of downtime. Which migration method is most straightforward?

You need to set up disaster recovery for a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance that is currently configured with a HA instance in us-central1. You want a standby in a different region (us-west1) with automated failover. Which two steps should you take? (Choose TWO.)

A developer needs to view detailed performance profiles of a Java application running on Compute Engine to identify CPU hotspots. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

A company uses Cloud Logging to centralize logs from multiple projects. They want to create a log-based metric for tracking 404 errors. However, the metric shows zero data even though 404 errors are occurring. What is the most likely reason?

Which Google Cloud service would you use to cache session data for a web application to reduce database load? The cache must support pub/sub messaging and have sub-millisecond latency.

A retail company uses Cloud SQL for transactional data, Cloud Bigtable for real-time inventory updates, and BigQuery for analytics. They want to build a real-time dashboard that shows current inventory levels across all stores, updated within seconds of a transaction. The dashboard will query Bigtable for the latest inventory count. Which TWO services should they use to stream transactions from Cloud SQL to Bigtable?

A company is deploying a Cloud Spanner instance for a global application. They need to minimize write latency for users in Asia, Europe, and North America while maintaining strong consistency. Which two configurations should they choose? (Choose two.)

A company wants to query data residing in Amazon S3 using BigQuery without copying the data. They also need to join this data with other tables in BigQuery. Which BigQuery feature should they use?

You are designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a global user profile table with primary key UserId (UUID). Users frequently access their own profiles. Which index design minimizes read latency and avoids hotspotting?

You are a Cloud Developer at a fintech company. Your team has developed a Node.js application that processes real-time financial transactions. The application is deployed on Cloud Run and uses Cloud Pub/Sub to receive transaction messages. The application must have high availability and low latency. Recently, the team noticed that during peak hours, the application experiences increased latency and some messages are not processed within the required 10-minute SLA. The team has configured Cloud Run with a minimum of 5 instances and a maximum of 50, with a concurrency setting of 80. The CPU usage per instance rarely exceeds 40% during peak times. The team also uses Cloud Monitoring and Logging for observability. After analyzing the logs, you find that the message processing time increases due to a database call that often takes 2-3 seconds. The Pub/Sub subscription is configured with a delivery deadline of 10 minutes. What should you recommend to reduce latency and ensure messages are processed within SLA?

A Cloud Run service is experiencing intermittent high latency. The team has enabled Cloud Trace. They want to identify the root cause by analyzing traces. What should they look for in the Trace viewer?

Which Google Cloud database service provides a fully managed, in-memory caching solution compatible with the Redis protocol?

Refer to the exhibit. The Cloud Build fails with an error that the image name is invalid. What is the most likely cause?

A startup is building a mobile app with user-generated content (text and images). They need a database that provides offline support, real-time synchronization, and flexible security rules. Which TWO Google Cloud services should they consider? (Choose two)

A Cloud Bigtable instance has a single cluster. To improve availability and read throughput, the team decides to add a second cluster in a different zone. What is the effect on write performance?

An e-commerce platform uses Cloud Spanner for order processing and BigQuery for analytics. The team needs to capture all changes in the Spanner 'Orders' table and stream them to Pub/Sub for downstream processing. Which Spanner feature should be used?

A financial services company needs a globally distributed relational database with strong ACID transactions and high availability across regions. They anticipate unpredictable traffic spikes and need to pay only for the resources they use. Which Google Cloud database and scaling approach is most suitable?

Refer to the exhibit. A team is deploying a Cloud Function that needs to connect to a Cloud SQL instance in a VPC. They have set up a VPC connector. After deployment, the function fails to connect to the database. What is the most likely cause?

Which THREE are valid methods to create custom metrics in Cloud Monitoring?

A company has a multi-region deployment of their application on GKE. They need to monitor service-level indicators (SLIs) like availability and latency across regions. They want a single pane of glass to view SLO compliance. What should they use?

A team is using Cloud Spanner for a global application. They notice that read latency is high for queries that filter on a non-key column. The table has a primary key of (CustomerID, OrderDate) and there are millions of rows. The query uses a WHERE clause on the 'Status' column. The team wants to reduce latency without significantly increasing storage costs. What is the most effective action?

Which two strategies should be implemented to ensure high availability for a Compute Engine instance group running a stateless web application?

A company uses Cloud Spanner for a financial application. They need to ensure strong global consistency but also minimize latency for writes. What schema design should they use?

A company is migrating a MySQL 5.7 database to Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0. They have many queries using GROUP BY that return different results in 8.0. What is the most likely cause?

A developer is using Cloud Logging and wants to export logs from a specific project to BigQuery for long-term analysis. They have created a log sink and given the appropriate permissions, but logs are not appearing in BigQuery. What is the most likely cause?

A developer is debugging a Cloud Function that fails with a timeout. The function makes multiple synchronous external API calls. What is the best way to improve performance and avoid timeouts?

A company needs to synchronise data from an on-premises Oracle database to BigQuery in near real-time. They also need to perform complex transformations on the data before loading into BigQuery. Which two services should they use together? (Choose two.)

A company needs a globally distributed, strongly consistent relational database with horizontal scaling and a 99.999% SLA for a financial application. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

A team needs to replicate changes from an on-premises Oracle database to BigQuery in near real-time. They want to use Google's serverless CDC solution. Which service should they use?

A company uses Cloud Monitoring to set up an alerting policy for CPU utilization on Compute Engine instances. They want to be notified when average CPU usage exceeds 80% for 5 minutes. Which threshold type should they use?

A developer is deploying a 2nd gen Cloud Function that needs to connect to a Cloud SQL MySQL instance. The Cloud SQL instance is configured with a private IP only. The Cloud Function is deployed with a VPC connector that is connected to the same VPC network as the Cloud SQL instance. The developer has granted the Cloud Function's service account the Cloud SQL Client role. However, when the function is invoked, connection attempts to the Cloud SQL instance time out. The Cloud Function code uses the MySQL connector with the private IP address of the Cloud SQL instance. The developer has verified that the VPC connector is healthy and that the Cloud SQL instance is running. Which additional configuration is most likely required?

A financial services company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL for transactional data. They need to analyze this data in BigQuery without moving data or impacting transactional performance. Which approach should they use?

A Cloud Function (background function, event-driven) consistently logs this timeout error. The function processes messages from Pub/Sub. After increasing the max instances from 10 to 100, the error rate increases. What is the most likely cause of the timeouts?

Which THREE metrics are commonly used to create a Service Level Indicator (SLI) for availability of an HTTP-based service?

Which Google Cloud database service provides automatic failover with synchronous replication and 0 RPO within a single region?

A company is using Cloud Bigtable for real-time analytics. They want to ensure high availability and the ability to perform maintenance without downtime. They also want to reduce read latency for users in Asia. Which TWO actions should they take?

Which Google Cloud database service is designed as a fully managed, in-memory data store for caching, session management, and pub/sub messaging?

An engineer is designing a Cloud Spanner instance for a global e-commerce application. They need strong consistency across continents and the ability to automatically scale compute capacity. Which THREE configurations should they choose?

A company wants to use Firestore security rules to allow users to read documents only if they are the owner (user ID matches the 'owner' field in the document). Which rule is correct?

A company is using Cloud Spanner for a global inventory system. They need to ensure that queries for an order and its line items are fast. Which THREE design choices will help achieve this? (Choose three)

A team is migrating a Redshift data warehouse to BigQuery using BigQuery Data Transfer Service. They need to ensure the transfer is secure and cost-effective. Which THREE considerations are important?

A company needs to query data across Cloud SQL (MySQL) and Bigtable using BigQuery without moving the data. Which TWO configurations are required?

A company is using Cloud SQL for MySQL and wants to offload read traffic to a replica for better performance. They also need the replica to be available for disaster recovery in a different region. What should they do?

A Cloud Bigtable instance is experiencing high latency for reads of recent data. The row keys start with a timestamp. What is the MOST likely cause?

A company uses Memorystore for Redis as a cache in front of Cloud Spanner. They want to ensure cache updates happen asynchronously when Spanner data changes. Which pattern is most appropriate?

Which TWO are best practices for setting up Cloud Monitoring alerting policies to minimize alert fatigue? (Select exactly 2.)

A company wants to migrate their MySQL 5.7 database to Cloud SQL for MySQL. They are concerned about performance after migration. Which step is essential for ensuring optimal performance on Cloud SQL?

A company uses GKE with cluster autoscaling and node auto-upgrade. During a traffic spike, new pods are unschedulable even though the cluster autoscaler adds nodes. What is the most likely cause?

An e-commerce application uses Cloud SQL for transactional data and Cloud Bigtable for user session logs. A new requirement demands real-time analytics that joins order data with session behavior. The team wants to avoid moving data into a separate data warehouse. Which approach should they take?

A company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL and wants to set up cross-region disaster recovery with automated failover. Which two steps are required? (Choose 2)

A company runs a high-traffic web application that reads session data frequently. They want to reduce latency and offload database load. Which Google Cloud service should they use as a caching layer?

An application needs a low-latency in-memory cache to reduce database load and improve response times. The cache must support pub/sub messaging and rate limiting. Which GCP service should be used?

Which Google Cloud database is serverless, supports offline data synchronization for mobile applications, and provides real-time updates via listeners?

A development team is implementing a CI/CD pipeline using Cloud Build. They need to ensure that sensitive data, such as API keys, are never exposed in build logs. What is the best practice?

A developer deploys a Cloud Function (2nd gen) that processes messages from Pub/Sub. The function sometimes fails with 'Deadline Exceeded' for messages that take longer than 9 minutes. What should the developer do to handle these long-running messages without losing them?

Refer to the exhibit. A developer is deploying a container to Cloud Run and receives the error shown. What is the most likely cause?

A team uses Cloud Build to automatically deploy a Cloud Function on push to a repository. The build fails intermittently with 'PERMISSION_DENIED' when executing gcloud functions deploy. What is the most likely cause?

A multinational corporation runs a web application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) with multiple microservices. They use Cloud Service Mesh (Anthos) for observability and security. The application uses gRPC for inter-service communication. Recently, they have observed increased latency and occasional timeouts between services in different regional clusters connected via Cloud VPN. The team wants to diagnose the issue and improve reliability. They suspect network round-trip time (RTT) is causing the latency, but they are not sure if the problem is at the application or network layer. Which tool should they use to pinpoint the exact cause?

Match each IAM role to its description.

A company is deploying a microservices application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) and needs to ensure that services can discover each other without hardcoding IP addresses. Which approach should they use?

A developer is integrating an App Engine standard environment app with Cloud Storage. The app needs to read objects from a bucket that is in a different project. The developer has granted the App Engine service account the Storage Object Viewer role on the bucket. However, the app still gets a 403 error when trying to read objects. What is the most likely cause?

A developer wants to ensure their Cloud Function is reliable. Which three testing practices should they follow? (Choose three.)

A company is migrating an on-premises MySQL OLTP application to Cloud SQL. The application requires 48 vCPU, 312 GB RAM, and 30 TB of storage. Which Cloud SQL edition and tier should they choose?

You need to monitor the CPU usage of a Compute Engine instance and trigger an alert when it exceeds 80% for 5 minutes. Which Google Cloud service should you use?

You want to identify performance bottlenecks in your application's code, such as functions consuming excessive CPU. Which Google Cloud tool should you use?

A developer is deploying a Cloud Run service that needs to access a Cloud SQL instance. The service is deployed with the --no-allow-unauthenticated flag. What is the recommended way to grant the service access to the database?

Your organization runs a multi-region application on Cloud Run that serves an API. The API is consumed by clients worldwide. You want to reduce latency by routing users to the nearest regional Cloud Run service. Currently, all traffic goes to a single Cloud Run service in us-central1. You have set up additional Cloud Run services in europe-west1 and asia-east1. Each service is fronted by an external HTTPS load balancer with a regional backend. You want to use a single global anycast IP address that automatically directs users to the closest healthy backend. You also need to support HTTPS with a custom domain and a Google-managed certificate. What should you do?

An application running on Compute Engine instances behind a Cloud Load Balancer experiences intermittent 502 errors. The health checks pass but sometimes requests time out. What is the most likely cause?

Drag and drop the steps to set up a Firestore database in native mode in the correct order.

A developer needs to ensure that environment variables containing secrets are securely passed to a Cloud Function during deployment. Which approach should they use?

A developer is troubleshooting a deployment on Cloud Run. The service fails with 'Container failed to start' error. The container image is built from a Dockerfile that uses CMD ['npm', 'start']. What is the most likely cause?

A financial services company requires a globally distributed database with strong consistency and sub-10 millisecond write latency across three continents. They anticipate 50 TB of transactional data. Which Google Cloud database should they deploy?

A social media company is building a real-time analytics platform to process user activity streams. They need to ingest millions of events per second, store them for 30 days, and query with sub-10ms latency. Which TWO Google Cloud services should they use together? (Choose 2)

A company uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with HA configuration. During a regional outage, the standby fails over to the primary. What is the expected recovery point objective (RPO) and recovery time objective (RTO)?

A global e-commerce platform requires a database that can handle millions of concurrent users, provide strong transactional consistency across regions, and achieve 99.999% availability SLA. Which database is the best fit?

Refer to the exhibit. A developer deployed a Cloud Run service as shown. Authenticated requests from another service in the same project using a service account receive 403 Forbidden. What is the most likely cause?

An organisation needs to run SQL queries across data stored in Cloud SQL MySQL and Cloud Storage (CSV files) without moving the data. They want to use BigQuery as the query engine. Which feature should they use?

A developer runs the above command to build and push a container image to Container Registry, but receives the error shown. The developer has the 'Cloud Build Editor' role on the project. What is the most likely cause of the error?

A company is designing a microservices architecture on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). They want to ensure zero-downtime deployments. Which strategy should they use?

A company is migrating an Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Ora2Pg. They need to convert stored procedures and functions. After conversion, they find that some PL/SQL code is not working. What is the most likely reason?

A developer wants to deploy a Compute Engine instance using Terraform. They want to run a startup script to install software. How should they provide the script?

An engineer needs to create a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance with high availability. Which configuration ensures automatic failover in less than 60 seconds if the primary zone fails?

Refer to the exhibit. Which schema or index change would most improve this query?

A company wants to run analytics queries on Cloud SQL data without impacting the transactional workload. They need to query the Cloud SQL database directly from BigQuery. Which BigQuery feature should they use?

A developer is building a microservices application on Cloud Run. One service needs to make authenticated HTTP requests to another Cloud Run service in the same project. What is the best practice for authentication?

A company plans to migrate an on-premises Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They need to minimize downtime and ensure continuous sync during migration. Which migration approach should they use?

You are migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL database (OLTP, 200 GB) to Google Cloud. The database requires high availability with automatic failover and zero RPO. Which configuration should you use?

A developer wants to ensure that error logs from their Java application are automatically captured and grouped in Cloud Error Reporting. What is the recommended approach?

A company is integrating a legacy application with Google Cloud using Cloud VPN. The application must be accessed from multiple remote offices over the internet. Which TWO technologies should the company use to ensure secure and reliable connectivity? (Choose TWO.)

A company's application on GKE is experiencing performance degradation. They want to use Google Cloud operations tools to identify the root cause. Which THREE tools should they use in combination?

You are configuring Cloud Bigtable for a financial market data application. Write throughput is critical, and row keys are based on stock symbols. You notice significant write latency on a few nodes. What is the most effective way to improve write distribution?

A team is developing a mobile backend API on Google Cloud. They are using Cloud Endpoints to manage API authentication and quotas. They want to monitor API performance including request count, latency, and error rates. They have enabled Cloud Endpoints logging but are not seeing detailed performance metrics in Cloud Monitoring. What should they do?

An engineer needs to create a Cloud SQL instance for a development environment with minimal cost. The instance will have low traffic, and storage growth is expected to be gradual. Which storage configuration should they choose?

A developer wants to allow a Compute Engine instance to send messages to a Pub/Sub topic. What is the recommended way to grant permissions?

A company is running a critical application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) that stores state in a Cloud SQL PostgreSQL instance. The application's latency-sensitive frontend needs to read data from Cloud SQL with minimal latency. The team wants to reduce read latency and offload read traffic from the primary database. What should they do?

An organization wants to create custom metrics based on application logs to track business KPIs. They need to ensure these metrics are available for alerting within minutes. Which approach should they use?

A company uses Cloud Bigtable for time-series data. They notice uneven load distribution across nodes causing hot spots. Which tool should they use to identify the hot spots?

A company uses AlloyDB for PostgreSQL and needs to scale read traffic automatically. They also want to ensure the database remains available if the primary zone fails. Which two features should they use? (Choose two.)

A company is migrating an on-premises PostgreSQL OLTP application to Google Cloud. They need a managed database with high availability, automatic failover, and zero RPO. Which database service should they choose?

A team notices that their application's latency has increased after a recent deployment. They suspect a specific code path is slower. Which Google Cloud tool should they use to identify the most time-consuming functions in their code?

A company wants to trigger a Cloud Run job every time a new file is uploaded to a Cloud Storage bucket. Which integration should be used?

Which THREE are valid methods for authenticating a user or service when deploying a Cloud Function via the Google Cloud SDK? (Choose 3)

Refer to the exhibit. You are analyzing application logs and notice that some logs contain a 'trace' field. What does this field enable?

A team is migrating a monolithic app to microservices. They need to handle distributed transactions across services. Which pattern should they use?

Which TWO strategies can be used to reduce cold start latency in Cloud Run? (Choose 2)

A company wants to design a highly available web application that serves users globally. They plan to use Cloud Load Balancing. Which two design choices should they make to ensure high availability and low latency? (Choose two.)

A company is building a real-time analytics application on Google Cloud that ingests data from thousands of IoT devices. The data must be processed with sub-second latency and stored in a time-series database for querying. Which combination of services provides the best scalability and availability?

Which TWO are best practices for reducing the cost of Cloud Logging for a high-traffic application?

A developer is designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a blog application with tables: Posts (PostId, AuthorId, Title, Content) and Comments (CommentId, PostId, Author, Text). They want to store comments near their parent post for efficient retrieval. Which schema design should they use?

A company is migrating a Cassandra-based time-series application to Google Cloud. They need to maintain single-digit millisecond write latency at petabyte scale. Which Google Cloud database is the BEST replacement?

You have a Cloud Spanner database with a table that has a secondary index. You notice that queries using the index are performing a back join to the base table. Which index feature can you use to avoid this back join?

You are managing a microservices application deployed on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) that uses Cloud Monitoring and Cloud Logging. Recently, users have reported intermittent slow response times, especially during peak hours. You have enabled the Ops Agent on GKE nodes and configured custom metrics for your services. The application consists of a frontend service, a backend API service, and a database service. The frontend calls the backend, which in turn queries the database. You notice that when the response time spikes, the frontend service's CPU utilization remains low, but the backend service's CPU utilization increases. The database service shows normal latency and no errors. You have examined the logs and found no application errors. The GKE cluster has three node pools: one for each service, with autoscaling enabled. The backend service is configured with a HorizontalPodAutoscaler (HPA) based on CPU utilization, but the HPA does not seem to scale up quickly enough during traffic spikes. You want to identify the root cause of the performance degradation. Which course of action should you take first?

A company uses Cloud Build to build and deploy a microservice. The build step that runs tests fails with a permission denied error when trying to access a private GitHub repository. The build configuration uses a default Cloud Build service account. The team has already added the GitHub repository as a trigger and provided credentials during trigger creation. However, the build step still fails. What is the most likely cause and solution?

A company is migrating a MySQL database to Cloud SQL. They plan to use Database Migration Service (DMS) with a continuous migration job to minimize downtime. How do they perform the cutover with zero downtime?

An organization is migrating a MySQL database to Cloud SQL for MySQL using Database Migration Service. The migration job is in the 'Full dump + CDC' phase. After a successful full dump, the CDC phase is replicating changes. To complete the migration with minimal downtime, what should the engineer do?

An organization is using Cloud Spanner for a global application. They need to capture all data changes (inserts, updates, deletes) in a Spanner table and stream them to Pub/Sub for downstream processing. Which feature should they use?

A financial services company uses a polyglot persistence architecture: Cloud SQL for MySQL for transactions, Cloud Bigtable for real-time risk calculations, and BigQuery for historical analytics. They need to move data from Bigtable to BigQuery every hour for reporting, with transformations. Which approach is MOST cost-effective and maintainable?

A data engineer is migrating a Redshift data warehouse to BigQuery. Which THREE steps are typically required?

A company wants to analyse data across Google Cloud and Amazon Web Services without moving the data. They need to query live data in Amazon S3 and Google Cloud Storage from BigQuery. Which feature should they use?

Match each Google Cloud service to its primary purpose.

You need to set up a notification channel that sends alerts to a third-party incident management system using webhooks. What must be configured?

A team deploys a containerized application on Cloud Run and notices increased latency during traffic spikes due to cold starts. Which configuration change would best address this?

A company uses Datastream to replicate data from an on-premises MySQL database to BigQuery. They notice that the destination BigQuery table has a large number of rows that are duplicates with different timestamps. What is the most likely cause?

A company wants to deploy a containerized application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) with zero downtime during updates. The application is stateless and runs on a Deployment with 5 replicas. Which deployment strategy should be used?

A company runs a containerized application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) with a regional cluster. The application experiences intermittent slowdowns during peak hours. The team notices that the number of nodes is not scaling up quickly enough. The application consists of a frontend deployment with a HorizontalPodAutoscaler (HPA) targeting 80% CPU utilization, and the cluster has a Cluster Autoscaler enabled with a maximum of 10 nodes. During a recent spike, the HPA increased replicas, but the Cluster Autoscaler was slow to add nodes, causing the new pods to remain pending. What is the most likely cause of this delay?

Which Google Cloud database is a serverless data warehouse designed for analytical queries on petabyte-scale data, with SQL interface and built-in machine learning capabilities?

A company is migrating from Oracle to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They have a table with a column of type RAW(16). Which PostgreSQL data type should they use?

An engineer is deploying a Cloud Spanner instance for a global application that requires strong consistency across continents. The workload is moderate, and they want to minimize costs while meeting latency requirements. Which instance configuration should they choose?

An engineering team is designing an AlloyDB cluster for an e-commerce platform. They anticipate variable read traffic and want to automatically add or remove read-only compute capacity based on CPU utilization. Which feature should they enable?

A company uses Cloud Spanner for its global ordering system and needs to stream order changes to a Pub/Sub topic for real-time inventory updates. They also need to archive old orders to BigQuery for historical analysis. What is the simplest architecture to achieve both goals?

A developer runs the above command and receives the error. What is the most likely cause?

A company is deploying a microservices architecture on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). They need to monitor inter-service latency and error rates. Which set of Google Cloud services should they use to collect and visualize these metrics?

A developer needs to deploy a Cloud Run service from a container image in Artifact Registry. What IAM role should be granted to the Cloud Run service account?

A company needs to migrate an on-premises Cassandra database to Google Cloud. They want a managed NoSQL database with high availability and low latency. Which service should they choose?

A startup is building a mobile application with real-time synchronization across user devices. They expect millions of users and need a NoSQL database with offline support and real-time listeners. Which database should they choose?

An application deployed on Google Kubernetes Engine is experiencing intermittent latency spikes. The team has enabled Cloud Trace and sees that a specific gRPC call to a backend service occasionally takes >500ms. However, the backend service's logs show no errors. What is the most likely cause that the team should investigate further?

A company wants to deploy a stateless web application that needs to handle unpredictable traffic spikes with minimal operational overhead. Which Google Cloud compute service is most cost-effective and operationally simple?

A team deploys a stateful application on GKE using StatefulSets. They need to test data persistence after pod rescheduling. Which test scenario best validates this?

You are designing a Cloud Bigtable schema for an AdTech platform. Queries often filter by campaign ID and date range. Which three row key design practices should you consider to avoid hotspots and optimize performance? (Choose three.)

An engineer needs to configure Firestore security rules for a mobile app where users can only read and write their own data. The user's UID is stored in the document field 'owner'. Which rule correctly restricts access?

A company is deploying a global microservices application on Cloud Run. They need to design for high availability, scalability, and low latency. Which three practices should they implement? (Choose three.)

A company deploys a containerized web application to Cloud Run. The application needs to access a Cloud SQL instance but fails with a connection timeout. The VPC connector is configured and attached to the Cloud Run service. What is the most likely cause?

A company needs to analyze terabytes of log data for business intelligence. The queries are complex SQL aggregations and run periodically. The data is read-only after ingestion. Which Google Cloud database is most suitable?

A team deploys a containerized web application on Cloud Run. The deployment fails with error 'Container failed to start. Failed to start and then listen on the port defined by the PORT environment variable.' The container image runs fine locally on port 8080. The team has not set any environment variables in the Cloud Run service configuration. What is the most likely issue and solution?

A team is using Cloud Trace to analyze performance of a microservices application. They notice that some spans are missing from the trace. What is the most likely cause?

A company is migrating a 5 TB SQL Server database to Cloud SQL for SQL Server using Database Migration Service (DMS). After the full dump phase, the continuous replication (CDC) phase starts. The team notices that the source database transaction log is growing rapidly and the CDC phase is failing intermittently with 'log space' errors. What should they do?

A developer is writing a Cloud Function that throws an exception when processing invalid input. They want to ensure the function returns an appropriate HTTP error response. What should they do?

A company uses Firestore for a mobile app. They want to implement security rules that allow users to create documents only if they are authenticated and the document's 'owner' field matches their UID. Additionally, they want to allow reads of any document where the 'visibility' field is 'public'. Which TWO conditions should the rules include?

A financial services company requires a relational database that can handle hybrid transactional/analytical processing (HTAP) workloads with sub-millisecond transactional latency and real-time analytics without ETL. Which Google Cloud database is BEST suited?

A DevOps team is deploying a critical application on GKE. To ensure application performance monitoring and reliability, which three actions should they take? (Choose three.)

An e-commerce platform uses Cloud SQL MySQL for orders and Bigtable for session history. To provide a unified customer view, they need to join order data with recent session activity. Which approach minimises data movement while achieving low-latency queries?

A global gaming company uses Cloud Spanner for player profiles and leaderboards. They want to replicate leaderboard changes to a secondary Cloud Spanner instance in another region for disaster recovery, with minimal latency. They need to ensure that all writes are eventually consistent across instances. Which THREE approaches should they consider?

A financial trading application on Compute Engine requires an RPO of 5 seconds and RTO of 1 minute for zone failures. Which architecture should they use?

A developer is using Cloud Functions and wants to ensure that their testing environment mirrors production as closely as possible. Which approach should they take?

A team uses Cloud Tasks to process orders asynchronously. Each order is enqueued after payment verification. Processing involves calling an external shipping API that occasionally returns 503 (Service Unavailable). The Cloud Tasks queue is configured with default retry parameters: max retries = 100, max retry duration = 1 hour. The team notices that some orders are never processed; they remain in the queue until the max retry duration expires and then are discarded. What is the most likely cause and solution?

A DevOps engineer is automating deployments to Compute Engine using a CI/CD pipeline. They want to minimize downtime and ensure that if a new VM fails health checks, the old VM continues serving. Which deployment strategy should they implement?

Refer to the exhibit. A team has created this alerting policy for a Cloud Run service. However, the alert never fires even though the error rate sometimes exceeds 1%. What is the most likely issue?

Which TWO statements about Cloud Run for Anthos are correct? (Choose 2)

An organization needs to secure their Cloud SQL for MySQL instance. They require that all connections use IAM for authentication and that the database is not accessible from the public internet. Which THREE actions should they take? (Choose 3.)

Which Google Cloud database service is serverless, supports mobile and web apps with offline data synchronization, and provides document-level security rules?

An engineer is monitoring Cloud Bigtable performance and notices high read latency. They suspect a hot spot issue. Which tool should they use to identify the hot spot?

A mobile app startup needs a serverless, scalable NoSQL database that supports offline sync and real-time updates. Which database should they choose?

A company runs a microservices application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). Users report intermittent slow responses. Developers suspect a specific service is causing latency. Which Google Cloud tool should they use to trace requests across services and identify the root cause?

You need to create a custom dashboard in Cloud Monitoring that shows the number of 500 errors from your application, along with the average latency. What is the correct way to create this?

A developer is deploying a microservice on GKE that needs to be accessible only from within the same VPC network. The microservice must have a stable, internal IP address that does not change when pods are updated. Which options should be used?

A Cloud Spanner table uses a UUID as the primary key. The application is experiencing high write latency and hotspotting. Which design change would BEST resolve the issue?

A company has a monolithic application that needs to be migrated to Cloud Run. The application currently writes logs to a local file. What is the best practice for handling logs in Cloud Run?

Refer to the exhibit. A developer configured a Pub/Sub push subscription to a Cloud Run service. Messages are not being delivered to the Cloud Run service. The developer verified that the service is running and the IAM permissions are correct. What is the most likely issue?

Your team is building a Node.js application for Google App Engine Standard Environment. The application uses a custom runtime and must run background tasks. However, you notice that background tasks are being terminated after a few seconds. What is the most likely reason?

Which TWO are benefits of using Cloud Build? (Choose two.)

You are designing a CI/CD pipeline for a microservices application deployed on GKE. Your team requires that each service have independent release cycles and canary deployments. Which combination of Google Cloud services should you use?

A company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL with a single zone. They need high availability with automatic failover in under 60 seconds. What configuration should they use?

Which two design patterns help decouple microservices?

A company wants to migrate an on-premises Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with minimal downtime. They plan to use Database Migration Service (DMS) with continuous migration. What must be configured on the source Oracle database to enable change data capture (CDC)?

A data engineer needs to perform complex transformations on streaming data as it moves from Cloud Pub/Sub to Cloud Bigtable. Which service should they use for this purpose?

A company runs a stateful application on Compute Engine with local SSDs. They want high durability. Which approach should they use?

A company is designing a cross-database solution with eventual consistency. They need to update data in Cloud SQL (orders) and Bigtable (inventory) as part of a single business transaction. Which two patterns can help maintain eventual consistency? (Choose two.)

A company is deploying a microservices-based application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). The application consists of several stateless services that experience unpredictable traffic spikes. The team wants to ensure high availability and scalability while minimizing costs. Which design should they implement?

A startup is building an application that requires strong consistency and horizontal scalability across multiple regions. They need a fully managed relational database that supports both SQL queries and ACID transactions. Which database service should they choose?

A company runs a microservices architecture on Cloud Run. They want to measure the error budget for a critical service using a custom SLI based on the ratio of successful requests (HTTP 200-499) to total requests. They have set an SLO of 99.9% over a 30-day window. Which Cloud Monitoring feature should they use to track this?

An organization is migrating from on-premises Microsoft SQL Server to Cloud SQL for SQL Server. They want to use a lift-and-shift approach to minimize application changes. Which migration method is most appropriate?

You need to migrate a large on-premises PostgreSQL database to AlloyDB with minimal downtime. The database is 2 TB. Which migration strategy should you use?

An organization is migrating a MySQL database to Cloud SQL for MySQL. The source database uses the 'utf8' character set. To support emoji characters, what should they do before migration?

An application on Cloud Run needs to handle traffic spikes. Which configuration setting should be adjusted?

A company runs a microservices application on Cloud Run. One service, `order-processor`, is invoked asynchronously via a Cloud Tasks queue. The Cloud Tasks queue is configured with an HTTP target pointing to the `order-processor` service URL. The service requires authentication (no unauthenticated invocations). The service account used by Cloud Tasks to invoke the service is `cloud-tasks-system@project.iam.gserviceaccount.com`. After deploying a new revision of `order-processor` using Cloud Build and Cloud Deploy, the team notices that tasks are failing with a 403 status. The Cloud Run service logs show the requests are reaching the service but returning 403. The previous revision worked fine. What is the most likely cause?

A company uses Cloud Build to build multiple microservices. They want to reuse a set of build steps across all services. What is the most maintainable approach?

A company is migrating a PostgreSQL application to Cloud SQL. They require automatic failover in under 60 seconds if the primary instance fails, and they want to minimize write latency. Which configuration should they choose?

A company uses Cloud Spanner with an instance configured with 1000 processing units. They notice that high-priority CPU utilization consistently exceeds 65% during peak hours, causing increased latency. They want to auto-scale based on this metric. Which scaling configuration should they use?

Which of the following is NOT a valid use case for Cloud Bigtable?

Which three of the following are managed database services offered by Google Cloud that support SQL or SQL-like query languages? (Choose 3)

A developer wants to view real-time latency metrics for their App Engine application. Where can they find this data?

During a MySQL 5.7 to Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0 migration, the team notices that some queries that worked before are now failing with 'ERROR 1055 (42000): Expression #1 of SELECT list is not in GROUP BY clause'. What is the cause and solution?

A company is designing a polyglot persistence architecture for an e-commerce platform. They need to store product catalog (relational), session data (low-latency key-value), and analytics data (large-scale SQL queries). Which TWO Google Cloud databases should they use? (Choose two.)

Which service provides serverless change data capture (CDC) from MySQL and PostgreSQL to BigQuery or Cloud Storage without writing code?

A developer wants to automatically capture CPU and memory profiles from a production application running on Compute Engine to identify performance bottlenecks. Which Google Cloud tool should they use?

A team is migrating a Teradata data warehouse to BigQuery. They need to assess the migration complexity. Which TWO factors are most critical in determining the level of effort for SQL translation?

A company is designing a global e-commerce application that needs low-latency access for users worldwide. The application serves static content (images, CSS) and dynamic API responses. Which Google Cloud service should they use to cache both types of content at the edge?

A data engineering team wants to implement version-controlled schema migrations for their PostgreSQL database on Cloud SQL. They need to integrate with their CI/CD pipeline. Which TWO tools should they consider? (Choose 2 options.)

A company uses Cloud Spanner for a globally distributed application. They need to capture all data changes from a critical Spanner table and stream them to Pub/Sub in real-time for downstream processing. Which approach meets this requirement?

A mobile app needs to synchronize user data across devices with offline support. The data is structured as documents with hierarchical relationships. Which Google Cloud database is best suited for this use case?

A team wants to monitor a web application's uptime from multiple locations. Which THREE Google Cloud monitoring features should they use?

Match each Firebase feature to its description.

You deployed a microservice on Cloud Run. Users report intermittent 503 errors. The service uses Cloud SQL with connection pooling. What is the most likely cause?

An engineer is designing a disaster recovery strategy for a Cloud SQL for SQL Server instance. They need to be able to fail over to a different region with minimal data loss. Which TWO actions should they take? (Choose two.)

Which TWO statements about deploying applications on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) are correct?

Your company runs a multi-tier application on GKE. The frontend is a Deployment with 5 replicas, backend is a StatefulSet with 3 replicas, and a database runs on Cloud SQL. Recently, after a cluster upgrade, the frontend pods are failing with 'Connection refused' errors when trying to reach the backend service. The backend pods are running and healthy. You have verified that the Service and Endpoints objects exist. The backend service is of type ClusterIP on port 8080, and the frontend uses the service name 'backend-svc'. The frontend pods are in a different namespace 'frontend-ns', while the backend is in 'backend-ns'. What is the most likely cause of the error?

A company is using Cloud Functions (2nd gen) to process files uploaded to Cloud Storage. The function needs to access a Cloud SQL (PostgreSQL) database. What is the most secure way to store and provide the database password to the function?

Which TWO Google Cloud services are suitable for deploying serverless applications that scale automatically based on demand?

A company is deploying a microservices application on Google Cloud. They want to securely store and access secrets (e.g., API keys, database passwords) across multiple services. They need to minimize operational overhead and ensure secrets are automatically rotated. Which TWO approaches should they use?

A company uses Cloud Load Balancing to distribute traffic to HTTP backends. They want to protect against application-layer DDoS attacks (e.g., HTTP flood). Which TWO services should they combine?

A team is migrating a set of stored procedures from Oracle to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. The procedures use Oracle's package-level global variables. How should they handle this in PostgreSQL?

A database administrator is using Liquibase for schema versioning during a migration to Cloud SQL. What is the primary benefit of using Liquibase?

A Cloud Spanner instance has been running with 2 nodes. The team wants to migrate to processing units for more granular scaling. What is the equivalent number of processing units for 2 nodes?

A developer is building a Cloud Function that processes Pub/Sub messages. They want to run the function locally with simulated events before deployment. Which tool should they use?

A team is migrating an Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Database Migration Service. The source has a stored procedure that uses Oracle's 'SYSDATE' function. What should they replace it with in PostgreSQL?

A company is deploying a production Cloud Bigtable instance for time-series data. They want high availability across zones and the ability to serve reads from a secondary location. Which TWO configurations should they implement?

Your company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL to store transactional data. You need to perform a point-in-time recovery (PITR) to recover from a logical error that occurred 30 minutes ago. Which two prerequisites must be met? (Choose TWO.)

A team is migrating an Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They are using Ora2Pg for schema conversion. Which of the following data type mappings is correct?

Your Cloud Spanner database runs a query that uses a secondary index. The query plan shows an 'Index Join' operation. What can you do to eliminate this join and improve query performance?

A company wants to use a combination of relational, document, and time-series databases to meet different workload requirements. What is this architectural pattern called?

A manufacturing company collects sensor data from thousands of devices. They need a database that can handle a write throughput of 100,000 rows per second and read latency under 10ms. Data is keyed by device ID and timestamp. Which Google Cloud database should they choose?

You are deploying a stateful application on GKE that requires persistent storage with high IOPS. You need to ensure that each pod can failover to a different node and still access the same data. Which volume type should you use?

You are designing a Bigtable schema for a financial data application that stores trade records. Each trade has a trade ID, symbol, timestamp, price, and volume. Queries include fetching all trades for a symbol in a time range. Which three row key design practices should you apply? (Choose THREE.)

A developer uses the above cloudbuild.yaml. The build fails with error: 'unauthorized: You don't have the permission to push to this repository.' What is the most likely cause?

A company is using Cloud Deploy to manage canary deployments to GKE. They want to automatically promote a release to the 'production' target if the canary deployment in the 'staging' target passes a set of automated smoke tests. What is the required configuration?

A team deploys a microservices architecture on GKE with Istio service mesh. They want to enforce mutual TLS (mTLS) between services. After enabling Istio with the default configuration, some services report connection errors. What is the most likely cause?

A company is migrating from MySQL to Cloud SQL MySQL using Database Migration Service with continuous CDC. They want to test the migrated database with production traffic before cutting over, while still keeping the source as primary. What should they do?

Refer to the exhibit. A team is using Cloud Monitoring with MQL to alert on CPU utilization per zone. They notice that the alert fires even when no single instance in a zone has CPU>80%, because the average across instances in the zone exceeds 80%. What change should they make to the MQL query to alert only when any individual instance exceeds 80%?

A company uses Cloud Spanner for a globally distributed application. They need to capture all row-level changes (inserts, updates, deletes) and publish them to Pub/Sub for downstream processing. Which Spanner feature should they use?

A team wants to monitor the availability of an external API by pinging it every minute from multiple locations around the world. Which Cloud Monitoring feature should they use?

A company is deploying a three-node Bigtable cluster for production. They anticipate growth in read throughput and want to plan for scaling. Which two actions can they take to increase read throughput? (Choose TWO.)

You are a developer for an e-commerce platform running on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) with a Cloud SQL backend. The application uses Cloud Memorystore for Redis for session caching. During a flash sale, you notice that the application latency spikes and some users are unable to complete checkout. You suspect the Redis instance is overwhelmed. The Redis instance is currently a Standard tier instance with 5 GB of memory. You need to increase throughput without significant architectural changes. You have the following options: A) Use client-side caching to reduce load on the Redis instance. B) Switch to a Memorystore Standard tier instance with a higher capacity and enable scaling. C) Migrate to a Memorystore Basic tier instance with a larger memory size. D) Enable for Redis clustering on the existing instance to distribute load across shards. Which option should you choose?

A developer is designing a CI/CD pipeline for a Node.js application hosted on Cloud Run using Cloud Build. The pipeline should run unit tests, build the container, push to Artifact Registry, and deploy to Cloud Run. The developer wants to minimize build time by caching dependencies. What is the recommended approach?

Your application runs on Compute Engine and uses Cloud Pub/Sub to receive messages from a third-party service. Recently, the message delivery latency has increased significantly. The third-party reports no issues on their end. You notice that the Pub/Sub subscription's 'ackDeadlineSeconds' is set to 10. What is the most likely cause of the latency?

A financial services firm needs a database for real-time fraud detection. The workload requires sub-millisecond read latency on transactions and the ability to run complex SQL analytics on the same data. Which database should they choose?

Drag and drop the steps to set up a Cloud SQL instance with a private IP in the correct order.

A retail company needs a scalable NoSQL database for a mobile app with offline synchronization, real-time updates, and flexible security rules. The data model is document-based. Which Google Cloud service should they choose?

An e-commerce platform uses Cloud SQL for MySQL for transactional data and wants to run complex analytical queries on that data without affecting production performance. The analytics queries often join with data from Google Cloud Storage. What is the MOST cost-effective and performant approach?

A company is migrating their MySQL database to Cloud SQL. They have a requirement to automate schema changes as part of their CI/CD pipeline. Which tools should they consider for version-controlled schema migrations? (Select the best option.)

During an Oracle to PostgreSQL migration, a team uses the Ora2Pg tool. They notice that some PL/SQL code containing the 'DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE' procedure is not converted correctly. How should they handle this?

A mobile app developer wants to store user preferences and provide offline sync capabilities. The database should be serverless and automatically scale with usage. Which Google Cloud database is best suited?

An e-commerce platform uses Cloud Spanner for transactions and Cloud Bigtable for session state and recommendations. They want to synchronize customer profile changes from Spanner to Bigtable in near real-time. Which three components should they use? (Choose 3)

You need to design a database for a global inventory management system that requires strong consistency across regions and can handle millions of updates per day. The system must maintain ACID transactions across multiple warehouses. Which database service and configuration would you choose?

An organization is migrating a 2 TB Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They need to minimize downtime and have a limited maintenance window of 30 minutes. Which migration strategy should they use?

Your company runs a global e-commerce platform that requires strong consistency for transactions and the ability to scale writes horizontally. You are evaluating database options. Which TWO Google Cloud databases meet these requirements? (Choose 2)

Which TWO are best practices for setting up alerting policies in Cloud Monitoring? (Choose two.)

A global e-commerce application uses Cloud Spanner. Some queries need to read data that is up to 10 seconds stale to reduce latency. How can the application achieve this while minimizing read latency?

Match each error code to its meaning in Google Cloud.

An organization has multiple Google Cloud projects for different environments (dev, staging, prod). They want to create a single Cloud Monitoring dashboard that shows metrics from all projects. What is the correct approach?

A financial services company is implementing a distributed transaction across multiple Cloud Spanner instances in different regions. They require strict ACID compliance. What is the best approach?

A company is deploying a multi-region application on Cloud Run to serve global users. They want low latency and automatic failover. Which approach is best?

A developer deploys the above app.yaml to App Engine standard environment. The deployment succeeds, but the application fails to connect to the database. What is the most likely reason?

A developer deployed a Cloud Function that is triggered by a Pub/Sub topic. The function processes messages and writes results to a BigQuery table. The developer notices that some messages are not being processed; they are visible in the Pub/Sub subscription but the function logs show no invocation for those messages. The function's code is correct and handles errors gracefully. What is the most likely cause and fix?

An organization has a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance with 500 GB of data. They want to offload reporting queries that scan large portions of the database without impacting the primary instance's performance. Which solution should they implement?

Refer to the exhibit. A developer is configuring Cloud Build to build a Docker image from a Cloud Source Repository. The build fails with a permission error. What is the most likely reason?

Match each Kubernetes resource to its function.

A company is migrating their on-premises SQL Server database to Cloud SQL for SQL Server. They need to ensure that schema changes are version-controlled and repeatable across environments. Which tool should they use?

A company receives a Cloud Monitoring alert that a Compute Engine instance's CPU utilization has exceeded 90% for the past 15 minutes. The incident turns out to be a false alarm caused by a scheduled job that runs daily. How can they prevent future false alarms for this recurring pattern?

A financial services company is designing a globally distributed ledger system using Cloud Spanner. They need to support high write throughput, avoid hotspots, and ensure fast queries on a customer_id column. The primary key is currently a UUID. Which THREE design changes should they implement? (Choose THREE.)

An operations team has set up a Cloud Monitoring alerting policy that fires when the 99th percentile latency of a service exceeds 200ms for 1 minute. They notice that the alert fires frequently during normal traffic patterns. What is the most likely issue with the alert configuration?

You need to create a Cloud Bigtable table to store time-series data for millions of IoT devices. Each device sends a reading every minute. You want to avoid hot spotting on row keys. Which row key design is recommended?

A company is using Cloud Bigtable for IoT data ingestion. They are experiencing high latency and write throttling. The current row key format is 'device_id#timestamp'. Which THREE actions can help distribute the write load and reduce hotspots? (Choose 3.)

You are designing a CI/CD pipeline using Cloud Build. Which three features can be used to secure the pipeline and enforce compliance? (Choose three.)

A company needs to store petabytes of time-series IoT sensor data and query it with single-digit millisecond latency at millions of reads per second. The data has a simple key-value structure with timestamps. Which Google Cloud database is MOST appropriate?

An application on Cloud Run needs to connect to a Cloud SQL instance securely with minimal latency. It also needs to access Cloud Storage buckets in the same region. Which networking configuration should they use?

Which THREE steps are required to set up a CI/CD pipeline for Cloud Run using Cloud Build and GitHub? (Choose THREE.)

A company has a multi-region deployment on GKE and needs to route traffic to the closest regional cluster based on user location. They want to minimize latency. Which approach should they use?

A company is using Cloud Build for CI/CD. They want to automatically trigger builds when code is pushed to a Cloud Source Repository and store the resulting Docker images in a secure, immutable artifact store. Which TWO services should they use? (Choose 2)

A developer runs the command above and receives the error. The developer has just been granted the 'roles/cloudbuild.builds.editor' role on the project. What is the most likely reason for the permission error?

A company is designing a global inventory system using Cloud Spanner. They need to ensure data consistency across regions while minimizing latency for read-heavy workloads. Which two strategies should they consider? (Choose two.)

Which TWO actions are best practices for managing application performance monitoring in Google Cloud?

A team is deploying a critical microservice on GKE. They want to minimize risk by gradually shifting traffic from old to new version. They use a Deployment with a single Service. What deployment strategy should they implement?

A developer ran the following command: `gcloud compute instances list --filter='labels.env=prod'`. The command returned no instances even though there are instances with label env=prod. What is the most likely reason?

A company uses Cloud Bigtable for real-time user sessions. They need to back up Bigtable data to another region for disaster recovery, with the ability to restore to a specific point in time within the last week. Which backup strategy should they choose?

A company is using Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL and wants to offload read traffic and improve performance. They also want a disaster recovery option in a different region. Which TWO configurations should they implement? (Choose 2.)

Refer to the exhibit. A developer writes the above Dockerfile for a Cloud Run service. The service fails to start. The logs indicate that the container exited immediately. What is the most likely cause?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They need to assess the compatibility of the existing schema and identify objects that need conversion. Which tool should they use?

An engineer is deploying AlloyDB for PostgreSQL and needs to support read scaling with automatic scaling of read replicas based on load. They also want to ensure minimal operational overhead. What should they use?

A startup needs a multi-model database architecture: relational for user profiles, document store for product catalog, and a key-value cache for sessions. Which approach is this called?

A financial services company uses Cloud Spanner for transactional data. They need to perform complex analytical queries that aggregate large volumes of data without affecting the performance of transaction processing. Which approach should they take?

A company uses Cloud Functions to process events from Pub/Sub. They notice that occasionally the same message is processed more than once. What can they do to ensure idempotent processing?

A company is designing a Cloud Spanner schema for a global user database. They anticipate high write throughput and want to avoid hotspotting on the primary key. Which primary key design strategy is MOST appropriate?

An application uses Cloud SQL for read-heavy workloads. To scale reads, which configuration is best?

A team uses Cloud Monitoring alerting policies with multiple conditions. They want to notify only when both CPU utilization is above 80% and error rate is above 5% for 5 minutes. Which type of condition should be used?

Your company runs a multi-tier web application on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). The application consists of a frontend service, a backend API service, and a PostgreSQL database managed by Cloud SQL. Recently, users have been reporting intermittent slow response times during peak hours (10 AM - 12 PM). You have set up Cloud Monitoring dashboards and alerts. Cloud Trace shows that the backend API service has high latency, but only for certain requests. You notice that the backend service's CPU utilization is around 60% during peak hours, and memory usage is normal. The Cloud SQL instance's CPU utilization is at 90% and the query latency is high. You have also observed that the backend service makes multiple database queries per request, some of which are repeated. What is the most effective course of action to reduce latency?

You are using Cloud Bigtable to store time-series financial market data. To ensure high availability across zones, you configure cluster replication. What is the recommended replication topology for automatic failover?

A security engineer applied the IAM policy above to a Cloud Storage bucket. The service account "my-sa" is used by an application that needs to read and write files to the bucket. The application reports that it cannot write files. What is the issue?

A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Database Migration Service. They need to convert stored procedures and ensure data type compatibility. Which TWO tools or steps are essential?

A company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL to store customer data. They have enabled automatic backups and a read replica for reporting. The application experiences timeouts during peak hours because the primary instance cannot handle the write load. The team needs to improve write performance without losing the ability to read from replicas. What should they do?

A developer needs to connect a Cloud SQL MySQL instance from an application running on Compute Engine without whitelisting IP addresses. Which method should they use?

A company uses Memorystore for Redis as a session store. They observe that sessions are evicted before their TTL expires, causing users to be logged out prematurely. Which action should they take?

A developer needs to connect a Cloud Run application to a Cloud SQL for MySQL database securely without managing IP allowlists or SSL certificates. Which method should they use?

A company is designing a web application that must scale horizontally to handle variable traffic. Which two practices should they implement to ensure the application is stateless and can scale without issues?

An organization is migrating from Oracle to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Ora2Pg. After conversion, several stored procedures fail to compile. Which step should they take to identify and fix the issues?

A company is migrating from MySQL 5.7 to Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0. They have stored procedures that use GROUP BY with non-aggregated columns. In MySQL 5.7, this is allowed. What change might they need to make?

A company needs to store petabytes of time-series IoT sensor data and query it with single-digit millisecond latency at millions of reads per second. The data has a simple key-value structure with timestamps. Which Google Cloud database is MOST appropriate?

A company uses Cloud Monitoring to create an uptime check for their external HTTP endpoint. The check fails periodically even though the service is healthy. What is the most likely cause?

A startup has deployed a Python web application on Compute Engine. They have installed the Cloud Monitoring agent and can see basic system metrics like CPU and disk usage. However, they want to track custom application metrics, such as number of active users and request latency, to monitor performance. They have added OpenCensus code to export metrics but notice that custom metrics are not appearing in Cloud Monitoring. The application runs under a custom service account with the 'Monitoring Metric Writer' role assigned. What is the most likely cause?

A company is deploying a microservices application on Google Cloud. They need a database for each service: one for user profiles (relational, high availability), one for product catalog (NoSQL, low latency), and one for session caching. Which THREE services should they use? (Select 3 answers)

A developer deploys a containerized application on Cloud Run. The application needs to access a Cloud SQL instance securely without exposing it to the internet. What is the best practice?

You are building a data pipeline that ingests streaming data from thousands of IoT devices. The devices send JSON payloads to a Cloud Pub/Sub topic. You want to process the data in near real-time and store the results in BigQuery for analytics. You also need to handle occasional schema changes in the incoming data (new fields added) without manual intervention. You have set up a Dataflow streaming pipeline using Apache Beam to read from Pub/Sub and write to BigQuery. The pipeline uses the `WriteToBigQuery` transform with `createDisposition=CREATE_NEVER` and `writeDisposition=WRITE_APPEND`. Recently, a batch of devices started sending a new field `temperature_celsius` that does not exist in the BigQuery schema. The pipeline logs errors and the data is not written. You need to modify the pipeline to automatically handle such schema evolution. What should you do?

What conclusion can be drawn from these traces?

During an Oracle to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL migration using DMS, the full dump phase completes successfully, but the CDC phase fails with a 'missing table' error. What is the most likely cause?

You are designing a CI/CD pipeline using Cloud Build. You want to automatically trigger a build when code is pushed to a specific branch in Cloud Source Repositories. What is the correct configuration?

A company needs to run AlloyDB for PostgreSQL with a read pool that can automatically scale based on load. They also need to run a local instance on-premises for disaster recovery. Which features should they use?

A gaming company uses Cloud Spanner for its global leaderboard. The leaderboard is updated frequently by millions of users. They notice that write latency spikes during peak hours due to hotspotting on the leaderboard table. Which schema change would best mitigate this?

A company is migrating from Snowflake to BigQuery. They have a large amount of historical data. What is the recommended service to automate the data transfer?

Your company is migrating a 2 TB Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL using Database Migration Service (DMS). The source database is behind a firewall and only allows connections from specific IP ranges. The migration must have minimal downtime. Which TWO actions should you take? (Choose 2 options.)

An engineer needs to create a Cloud SQL instance with SSD storage. Which storage type should they select for best performance?

A company plans to migrate a 200 GB Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with minimal downtime. The source database has complex stored procedures and triggers. Which approach should the company use?

You need to back up a Cloud Spanner database and store it in a different region for disaster recovery. The backup should be a full database export. What is the recommended method?

A company is building a data processing pipeline that needs to ingest events from multiple sources, process them in order, and handle failures with retry. They also need to schedule periodic tasks. Which THREE services should they use? (Choose 3)

A team created the instance template above and used it in a managed instance group. However, instances fail to serve web traffic. What is the most likely cause?

You are designing a globally distributed ecommerce platform that uses Cloud Spanner for order processing. The platform needs to support high read throughput with low latency for product catalog queries. Which two features should you use? (Choose TWO.)

A team notices that a Cloud Run service occasionally returns HTTP 500 errors. They have enabled Cloud Error Reporting. What is the best way to rapidly diagnose the root cause of these errors?

A team plans to migrate an Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They have identified complex PL/SQL packages that need conversion. Which open-source tool is specifically designed to assist with schema conversion from Oracle to PostgreSQL?

You need to migrate an Oracle database to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. The schema must be converted using Oracle to PostgreSQL migration tools. Which tool should you use to automate schema conversion?

A financial trading application uses Cloud Spanner for order processing. To reduce latency for read-heavy operations, the team wants to allow stale reads with a bounded staleness of 10 seconds. Which Spanner API or method should they use to achieve this?

You are building a data pipeline using Cloud Dataflow (Apache Beam). The pipeline reads from Pub/Sub, performs aggregations, and writes to BigQuery. Occasionally, you see duplicates in the BigQuery output, even though the pipeline uses .withInsertId() in the BigQuery write transform. What could be causing these duplicates?

A development team needs a serverless NoSQL document database for a new mobile application that requires offline synchronization for users. The database should scale automatically and integrate with Firebase Authentication. Which Google Cloud database meets these requirements?

A team is investigating increased latency in a web application deployed on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). They want to identify which specific service calls are slow. Which Google Cloud tool should they use?

An engineer notices high CPU utilization on a Cloud Spanner instance and wants to identify the queries consuming the most resources. Which tool should they use?

A data engineering team needs to migrate a 10 TB Teradata data warehouse to BigQuery. They want to automate the migration of historical data and ongoing changes. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

An organization is migrating a Teradata data warehouse to BigQuery. They want to minimize manual SQL rewriting. Which approach is most effective for converting Teradata SQL to BigQuery-compatible SQL?

A DevOps engineer is designing a row key for a Bigtable table storing user activity logs. The pattern is: user_id (UUID) + timestamp. On a cluster with 10 nodes, they observe severe hotspotting on a single node during peak writes. Which row key design change would likely resolve this issue?

A company is migrating a stateful application to Google Cloud. They need high availability with automatic failover across zones within a region. Which compute option should they choose?

A team is designing a Cloud Bigtable schema for a time-series application that records sensor readings every second. They need to avoid write hotspots. Which row key design is most appropriate?

A social media app uses Firestore in Native mode. The app has a feature that shows a user's recent posts. The query sorts by timestamp descending and limits to 10 results. As the user base grows, the queries become slow. Which optimization should you implement FIRST?

An engineer is using Database Migration Service for a continuous migration from on-premises Oracle to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. The migration job has completed the full dump and is now in the CDC phase. The engineer wants to perform a zero-downtime cutover. What action should they take?

A company is using Cloud Monitoring to track custom metrics published from an on-premises application using the Monitoring API. The metrics are published every 30 seconds. The team wants to create an alert that fires if the metric goes below a threshold for more than 1 minute. Which alert condition type should they use?

Drag and drop the steps to create a Cloud Run service in the correct order.

A media streaming company uses Cloud Storage to store video files. Users upload files through a web application, and the files are streamed directly from Cloud Storage. They want to reduce latency for users in different regions. Which configuration should they apply?

A company is evaluating Cloud Bigtable for a high-throughput write workload. They need to monitor disk usage and request latency. Which metrics should they monitor? (Select the best combination.)

A company wants to migrate an on-premises MySQL database to Cloud SQL with minimal downtime. Which two steps should they take? (Choose two.)

A company wants to achieve 0 RPO for a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance. Which configuration should they use?

An application running on Compute Engine needs to publish messages to a Pub/Sub topic. The VPC does not have external internet access. What must be configured to allow the instance to publish?

A company runs a microservices application on Google Kubernetes Engine. They use Cloud SQL for persistent data. Recently, during a traffic spike, the application experienced increased latency and some requests failed with timeout errors. The team observed that the Cloud SQL CPU utilization spiked to 100%, and the GKE pods had high memory usage. They are using a standard Cloud SQL tier (db-n1-standard-2). Which course of action would best improve the application's performance and reliability?

An organization wants to design a serverless data processing pipeline that is highly available and can automatically scale based on the number of incoming requests. The pipeline processes JSON messages from a Cloud Pub/Sub topic and writes results to BigQuery. Which service should be used as the compute component?

A company is migrating a PostgreSQL database to AlloyDB using Database Migration Service. They want to ensure high availability during the migration with minimal risk. Which TWO practices should they follow? (Choose 2)

A developer is designing a chat application using Cloud Firestore. They need to ensure that updates to messages are propagated to all clients in real-time. Which feature should they use?

An organization uses Cloud SQL for MySQL and wants to set up a read replica in a different region to improve read latency for global users. What is the recommended way to configure network connectivity between the primary and replica?

You need to select a Google Cloud database for a global e-commerce platform that requires strong consistency for inventory updates, but can tolerate eventual consistency for product reviews. Which THREE services would you consider appropriate for the different parts of the platform?

An e-commerce platform uses Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They need to reduce read load on the primary instance and provide low-latency reads for geographically distributed users. Which configuration should they implement?

An organization is migrating from Oracle to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. They need to convert Oracle packages (which use PL/SQL) into PostgreSQL equivalents. Which TWO approaches are correct for handling Oracle packages?

Refer to the exhibit. A developer notices that instance-3 is in TERMINATED state. What is the most likely reason?

A team is designing a disaster recovery plan for a critical application on Google Cloud. The application runs on Compute Engine with a regional persistent disk. They want to minimize data loss in case of a regional outage. Which strategy should they use?

You have a Cloud Bigtable instance with a single table that stores user events. You need to ensure that data older than 30 days is automatically deleted. What should you configure?

During a migration from MySQL to Cloud SQL, an engineer notices that the source database uses MyISAM tables with full-text indexes. What must be done to successfully migrate these tables to Cloud SQL (which uses InnoDB by default)?

A data engineering team needs to replicate data from a PostgreSQL database to BigQuery in near real-time for analytics. Which Google Cloud service is most suitable for this task with minimal setup?

A company is migrating from Snowflake to BigQuery. They have a large dataset with semi-structured data stored as VARIANT columns in Snowflake. How should they represent this data in BigQuery?

A developer wants to run a single test suite across multiple environments (dev, staging, prod) using Cloud Build. What is the best practice?

You are designing a Cloud Bigtable schema for a time-series application. To optimize performance and avoid hot spots, which THREE row key design practices should you follow? (Choose 3)

A developer wants to enable IAM database authentication for Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL. Which IAM role must be granted to a user or service account to allow login?

A company is using Cloud Bigtable to serve real-time analytics. They notice that some queries are slow, and the Key Visualizer shows a narrow row key range receiving the majority of reads and writes. What is the most likely cause and recommended action?

A team uses Cloud Build to build and deploy a Node.js application to App Engine flexible environment. The build succeeds, but the deployment fails with 'ERROR: (gcloud.app.deploy) Error Response: [9] Application startup error!' The team checks logs and sees 'Error: Module not found: 'express''. What is the most likely cause?

An e-commerce company uses Cloud SQL for MySQL for transactional data and BigQuery for analytics. They need to replicate order data from Cloud SQL to BigQuery in near real-time with minimal latency. Which Google Cloud service should they use?

You need a managed database service for a lift-and-shift migration of an on-premises SQL Server 2019 OLTP application with up to 64 TB of data. Which Google Cloud database should you choose?

A data engineer is migrating a Teradata data warehouse to BigQuery. They need to transfer historical data and set up continuous replication. Which service should they use?

A developer wants to automatically deploy a new version of an application to App Engine Standard every time code is pushed to the main branch of a Cloud Source Repositories repository. Which service should be used?

Drag and drop the steps to grant a service account access to a Cloud Storage bucket in the correct order.

An operations team is configuring a Cloud Monitoring alerting policy for a critical application. They want to ensure that alerts are only fired when an anomaly persists for at least 5 minutes to reduce noise. Which condition configuration should they use?

A Cloud Spanner database has a table Orders with a child table OrderItems. Queries often join Orders and OrderItems on OrderID. Which schema design optimizes performance for these joins?