- A
Create a VPN tunnel and use Oracle GoldenGate for replication
Why wrong: GoldenGate can be used, but DMS is the native Google service that simplifies the process; GoldenGate would require more manual setup.
- B
Export the Oracle database as CSV files, upload to Cloud Storage, and import into Spanner using Dataflow
Why wrong: This approach requires significant downtime for export and import; not minimal downtime.
- C
Use gcloud commands to stream data from Oracle to Spanner
Why wrong: There is no such gcloud command; this is not feasible.
- D
Use Database Migration Service (DMS) with continuous replication
DMS supports Oracle to Spanner migrations using CDC, minimizing downtime.
Question 931 of 1,000
Cloud Digital Leader Fundamental Cloud Concepts Practice Question
This GCDL practice question tests your understanding of fundamental cloud concepts. Read the scenario carefully and evaluate each option against the stated constraints before committing to an answer. After answering, compare your reasoning against the explanation and wrong-answer breakdown below. Once you have made your selection, read the full explanation to reinforce the concept and understand why each distractor is designed to mislead on exam day.
A company is migrating an on-premises Oracle database to Cloud Spanner. They need to move 10 TB of data with minimal downtime. Which migration strategy should they use?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Use Database Migration Service (DMS) with continuous replication
Database Migration Service (DMS) supports continuous migration from Oracle to Cloud Spanner with minimal downtime using change data capture (CDC).
Key principle: ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Create a VPN tunnel and use Oracle GoldenGate for replication
Why it's wrong here
GoldenGate can be used, but DMS is the native Google service that simplifies the process; GoldenGate would require more manual setup.
- ✗
Export the Oracle database as CSV files, upload to Cloud Storage, and import into Spanner using Dataflow
Why it's wrong here
This approach requires significant downtime for export and import; not minimal downtime.
- ✗
Use gcloud commands to stream data from Oracle to Spanner
Why it's wrong here
There is no such gcloud command; this is not feasible.
- ✓
Use Database Migration Service (DMS) with continuous replication
Why this is correct
DMS supports Oracle to Spanner migrations using CDC, minimizing downtime.
Related concept
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
Common exam traps
Common exam trap: ACLs stop at the first match
ACLs are processed top to bottom. The first matching entry wins, and an implicit deny usually exists at the end.
Trap categories for this question
Command / output trap
There is no such gcloud command; this is not feasible.
Detailed technical explanation
How to think about this question
ACL questions test precision: source, destination, protocol, port and direction. A generally correct ACL can still fail if it is applied on the wrong interface or in the wrong direction.
KKey Concepts to Remember
- Standard ACLs match source addresses.
- Extended ACLs can match source, destination, protocol and ports.
- The first matching ACL entry is used.
- There is usually an implicit deny at the end.
TExam Day Tips
- Check inbound versus outbound direction.
- Read the ACL from top to bottom.
- Look for a broader permit or deny above the intended line.
Key takeaway
ACLs process entries top to bottom and stop at the first match. Entry order and interface direction matter as much as the permit or deny statement.
Real-world example
How this comes up in practice
A media company stores terabytes of video archives that are accessed once a year for audit purposes. Moving these objects to a cold storage tier (Azure Archive, S3 Glacier, or Google Nearline) costs a fraction of hot storage. Questions like this test whether you understand storage tiers, access frequency tradeoffs, and retrieval latency requirements.
What to study next
Got this wrong? Here's your next step.
Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related GCDL ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.
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FAQ
Questions learners often ask
What does this GCDL question test?
Fundamental Cloud Concepts — This question tests Fundamental Cloud Concepts — Standard ACLs match source addresses..
What is the correct answer to this question?
The correct answer is: Use Database Migration Service (DMS) with continuous replication — Database Migration Service (DMS) supports continuous migration from Oracle to Cloud Spanner with minimal downtime using change data capture (CDC).
What should I do if I get this GCDL question wrong?
Review ACL processing order, placement rules (standard near destination, extended near source), and inbound vs outbound direction. Study wildcard masks and implicit deny. Then practise related GCDL ACL questions on filtering logic and placement.
What is the key concept behind this question?
Standard ACLs match source addresses.
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Last reviewed: Jul 4, 2026
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