Computer Forensics Fundamentals and Process

A security analyst arrives at a suspected computer crime scene. The computer is on and a user is logged in. The analyst needs to preserve volatile data. According to first responder duties, what should the analyst do FIRST?

During a forensic examination of a Windows system, the investigator finds a file named 'notes.txt' that contains a list of passwords. The file's last modified timestamp is before the incident date, but its last accessed timestamp is during the incident. Which type of evidence is this file considered?

A forensic investigator is required to testify in court about the findings of a digital investigation. Which of the following roles does the investigator fulfill?

During a forensic investigation, an analyst uses a hardware write blocker to connect a suspect hard drive to a forensic workstation. Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason for using a write blocker?

During a forensic investigation, an examiner finds a log entry: 'User JohnDoe accessed file contract.pdf at 10:32:45 AM'. This log is considered which type of evidence?

A forensic investigator is documenting evidence for a case. What is the PRIMARY purpose of maintaining an unbroken chain of custody for digital evidence?

What is the primary goal of the chain of custody in a digital forensic investigation?

During a forensic examination, an analyst uses the command 'dd if=/dev/sda of=/mnt/evidence/image.dd bs=4096 conv=noerror,sync'. What is the primary purpose of the 'conv=noerror,sync' option in this context?

An investigator needs to testify in court as an expert witness. Which of the following qualifications is MOST important for the court to accept their testimony?

Which of the following BEST defines the chain of custody in digital forensics?

During a forensic examination, an analyst runs the following command: 'dd if=/dev/sda of=/mnt/evidence/image.dd bs=4k conv=noerror,sync'. The source drive has bad sectors. What is the effect of the 'conv=noerror,sync' option?

What is the primary purpose of maintaining a chain of custody during a forensic investigation?

A first responder arrives at a suspected intrusion scene. A desktop computer is powered on and logged in. The user claims they saw suspicious files being copied to a USB drive. Which of the following should the first responder do FIRST?

What is the PRIMARY purpose of a chain of custody document in a forensic investigation?

An investigator needs to acquire data from a suspect's hard drive without altering any data. Which tool is MOST appropriate to ensure write-blocking at the hardware level?

An organization receives a legal hold notice regarding pending litigation. The IT department is instructed to preserve all relevant electronically stored information. What is the primary action the IT department should take?

Which of the following is a key requirement for digital evidence to be considered admissible in court?

During an investigation, a forensic analyst must preserve a hard drive that is part of a RAID array. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate method to preserve the evidence?

During a forensic investigation, an analyst uses the following command: dd if=/dev/sda of=/mnt/evidence/image.dd bs=4096 conv=noerror,sync. What is the effect of the conv=noerror,sync option?

During an internal investigation, an employee is suspected of leaking sensitive data. The security team finds that the employee's computer has been turned off. Which of the following evidence types would be LOST due to the system being powered off?

Which TWO of the following are essential components of a proper chain of custody documentation? (Select TWO)

A company receives a legal hold notice regarding a lawsuit. What immediate action should the company take to comply?

Which TWO of the following hashing algorithms are commonly used to verify the integrity of forensic images? (Choose two.)

During a forensic investigation, a lawyer objects to the admissibility of a log file on the grounds that it is hearsay. Which of the following is the BEST argument to overcome this objection?

During a forensic investigation, an analyst uses a tool to create a bit-for-bit copy of a hard drive while ensuring the original is not modified. Which of the following is a hardware write blocker that can be used for this purpose?

A legal hold is issued by an organization's legal department. What is the primary purpose of a legal hold?

Which TWO of the following are valid justifications for a first responder to power off a computer at a crime scene? (Select TWO)

According to Locard's exchange principle, which of the following is TRUE in a digital forensic context?

A forensic examiner has acquired a disk image using FTK Imager and needs to ensure the image is an exact duplicate of the original drive. Which THREE of the following methods can be used to verify integrity? (Select THREE)

Under the US Fourth Amendment, when is a warrant generally NOT required for a computer search and seizure?

During a forensic investigation, the analyst needs to verify the integrity of a forensic image. The analyst originally computed MD5 and SHA-1 hashes of the source drive. Which action BEST ensures the image has not been altered?

Which TWO of the following are considered types of evidence under the rules of evidence?

An expert witness is preparing to testify in a computer forensics case. Which of the following is a key requirement for the expert's testimony to be admissible under the Daubert standard?

Which TWO of the following are considered forms of evidence under the rules of evidence? (Select two.)

An investigator seizes a computer that was involved in a crime. The suspect claims that the evidence was planted. Which forensic principle best helps to refute this claim by demonstrating that the evidence could only have been left by the suspect?

In a UK-based investigation, law enforcement officers seize a computer without a warrant. The suspect argues the seizure violated his rights under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE). Which of the following is a key consideration under PACE regarding the admissibility of the seized evidence?

A forensic analyst is preparing to acquire an image from a suspect's hard drive. The analyst connects the drive to a write blocker, then uses FTK Imager to create a forensic image. Which hashing algorithm is commonly used by FTK Imager to verify image integrity?

Which type of evidence is a witness's statement that they saw someone log into a computer?

A forensic examiner needs to create a bit-for-bit copy of a suspect's hard drive for analysis. Which tool is specifically designed for this purpose and can also verify integrity using hashing?

A forensic analyst is preparing to testify as an expert witness in court. Which of the following characteristics is MOST essential for the court to accept the analyst's testimony?

During a forensic examination, an analyst uses the command 'dcfldd if=/dev/sda of=image.dd hash=sha256 hashlog=hash.txt'. What is the primary purpose of including 'hash=sha256' in this command?