Cryptography and Malware Analysis

A security engineer needs to configure a web server to support Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) for HTTPS connections. Which of the following key exchange methods should be prioritized?

During a penetration test, a security analyst discovers that an organization's web application uses HTTP for login forms, potentially exposing credentials to interception. Which of the following is the BEST cryptographic control to implement to protect credentials in transit?

You are a security analyst for a medium-sized company. The company uses a custom web application for internal project management. The application uses AES-256-CBC for encrypting sensitive data stored in the database. Recently, the company experienced a data breach where an attacker exfiltrated the entire database. Although the data was encrypted, the attacker was able to decrypt some records. Investigation reveals that the encryption key is stored in a configuration file on the same server, and the initialization vector (IV) is hardcoded in the application code. Additionally, the application uses the same key for all records. Which of the following is the most effective remediation to prevent future decryption of stolen encrypted data?

A security analyst receives an alert about a suspicious file hash. The analyst wants to check if the file is known malware by querying an online database of malware signatures. Which tool should the analyst use?

An ethical hacker is analyzing a piece of malware that uses a custom encryption algorithm. The malware sample contains a hardcoded key that is 16 bytes long. The analyst observes that the encrypted data is the same length as the plaintext. Which encryption mode is most likely being used?

During a forensic investigation, an analyst finds that a malware sample uses a technique to detect if it is running in a sandbox by checking the number of CPU cores. The malware terminates execution if the core count is less than 2. Which anti-analysis technique is this?

A security analyst suspects that a user's machine is infected with a keylogger. Which of the following is the most effective method to detect a hardware keylogger?

A company wants to secure its email communications using digital signatures. Which cryptographic key does the sender use to sign the email?

You are a security analyst at a financial institution. The SOC has detected anomalous outbound traffic from a server in the DMZ to an unknown IP address on TCP port 8443. The server runs a custom application that normally communicates with internal databases on port 1433. The server's OS is Windows Server 2019. Preliminary analysis shows that a new service named 'UpdateSvc' was installed three days ago, set to start automatically, and runs under the LocalSystem account. The service binary is located at C:\Windows\System32\svchost.exe (the legitimate one). However, the service's 'ImagePath' registry key points to 'C:\Windows\System32\svchost.exe -k UpdateSvc'. Additionally, a scheduled task named 'HealthCheck' runs every hour and executes 'powershell.exe -EncodedCommand <base64>'. The encoded command decodes to a script that downloads a payload from the same unknown IP on port 8443 and executes it in memory. The server has antivirus installed that detected nothing. As the analyst, which of the following is the BEST immediate course of action?

Match each vulnerability assessment tool to its function.

Refer to the exhibit. An analyst suspects that the downloaded file 'update.exe' may have been tampered with. The vendor's official website lists the SHA256 hash as 4e7c2a8f9b3d1e5f6a0c8b7d2e3f4a5b6c7d8e9f0a1b2c3d4e5f6a7b8c9d0e1f. What should the analyst conclude?

A company's internal PKI uses an offline root CA and an online issuing CA. A security engineer needs to revoke a compromised certificate issued by the online CA. Which CRL distribution point should the engineer update?

An organization is investigating a potential malware infection. The security analyst observes unusual outbound connections to a known malicious IP address and finds a suspicious process running under a user's session. The analyst decides to perform memory analysis using Volatility. Which TWO commands would be most useful to identify the malicious process and its network connections?

During a penetration test, an ethical hacker finds that a web application transmits sensitive data in plaintext over HTTPS. Which of the following best describes this security issue?

Which TWO of the following are characteristics of a polymorphic virus? (Choose two.)