Question 717 of 977
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CV0-004 Practice Question: Deploying a containerized microservices…
A company is deploying a containerized microservices application on a cloud platform. The operations team needs to manage secrets, such as database credentials and API keys, securely without embedding them in container images. Which solution should they use?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
Use a cloud-native secrets management service to inject secrets at runtime
The correct solution is option B because cloud-native secrets management services like AWS Secrets Manager or Azure Key Vault provide secure storage, automatic rotation, and runtime injection of secrets without embedding them in images. Option A is insecure because including secrets in the container image at build time, even if encrypted, still embeds them in the image and complicates rotation. Option C, encrypting secrets and storing them in a cloud storage bucket, introduces key management challenges and does not provide built-in rotation or fine-grained access control. Option D, storing secrets as environment variables in the orchestration platform, may expose them in logs or configuration dumps and lacks the security features of a dedicated secrets manager.
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
Include secrets in the container image at build time and encrypt the image
Why it's wrong here
Secrets in image are still accessible.
- ✓
Use a cloud-native secrets management service to inject secrets at runtime
Why this is correct
Provides secure storage and access control.
- ✗
Encrypt secrets and store them in a cloud storage bucket
Why it's wrong here
Still requires secure key management.
- ✗
Store secrets as environment variables in the container orchestration platform
Why it's wrong here
Environment variables can be exposed.
Quick reference
AWS S3 Storage Class Comparison
| Storage Class | Min Duration | Retrieval | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| S3 Standard | None | Immediate | Frequently accessed data |
| S3 Standard-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Infrequent access, rapid retrieval |
| S3 One Zone-IA | 30 days | Immediate | Non-critical infrequent data |
| S3 Intelligent-Tiering | None | Immediate–hours | Unknown or changing access patterns |
| S3 Glacier Instant | 90 days | Milliseconds | Archive with instant retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Flexible | 90 days | Minutes–hours | Archive, flexible retrieval |
| S3 Glacier Deep Archive | 180 days | Hours | Long-term compliance archive |
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Last reviewed: Jun 24, 2026
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