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300-410 Practice Question: Runs the following command to troubleshoot a…
A network engineer runs the following command to troubleshoot a VRF-Lite IPsec issue:
R1# show crypto ipsec transform-set vrf CUSTOMER_H
Output: Transform set combined: { esp-aes 256 esp-sha-hmac } will negotiate = { Tunnel, }
What does this output indicate?
Answer choices
Why each option matters
Answer the question above first, then reveal the full breakdown to understand why each option is right or wrong.
Correct answer & explanation
✓
The transform set uses ESP with AES 256 and SHA-HMAC in tunnel mode.
The 'show crypto ipsec transform-set vrf' command displays the IPsec transform set for a specific VRF. The output shows a transform set named 'combined' that uses ESP with AES 256-bit encryption and SHA-HMAC authentication. It will negotiate a tunnel mode (as opposed to transport mode).
Answer analysis
Option-by-option breakdown
For each option: why learners choose it and why it is or isn't the right answer here.
- ✗
The transform set uses ESP with AES 256 and SHA-HMAC in transport mode.
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. The output shows 'Tunnel' mode, not transport.
- ✓
The transform set uses ESP with AES 256 and SHA-HMAC in tunnel mode.
Why this is correct
Correct. The transform set includes esp-aes 256 and esp-sha-hmac, and will negotiate tunnel mode.
- ✗
The transform set uses AH with AES 256 and MD5.
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. The output shows ESP, not AH.
- ✗
The transform set does not specify any encryption or authentication.
Why it's wrong here
Incorrect. It specifies esp-aes 256 and esp-sha-hmac.
Quick reference
VPN Protocol Comparison
| Protocol | Port | Encryption | Authentication | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IKEv2 / IPsec | UDP 500 / 4500 | AES-256 | Certificates / PSK | Site-to-site & remote access |
| SSL / TLS VPN | TCP 443 | TLS 1.3 | Certificates / MFA | Clientless remote access |
| L2TP / IPsec | UDP 1701 | AES (IPsec) | PSK / Certificates | Legacy remote access |
| WireGuard | UDP 51820 | ChaCha20 | Public keys | Modern high-performance VPN |
| PPTP | TCP 1723 | MPPE (weak) | MS-CHAPv2 | Legacy — avoid in production |
PPTP is considered insecure. IKEv2/IPsec and SSL VPN are the current recommended options.
Go deeper
Related to this question
Learn chapter
Introduction to ENARSI Exam and Network Fundamentals
Key term
MPLS Layer 3 VPN
A technology that uses Multiprotocol Label Switching to create secure, scalable virtual private networks that connect multiple sites at the network layer, where the service provider manages routing between customer sites.
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JA
Written by Johnson Ajibi, MSc IT Security
Senior Network & Security Engineer · founder of Courseiva
This 300-410 practice question is part of Courseiva's free Cisco certification practice question bank. Courseiva provides original exam-style practice questions with explanations, topic-based practice, mock exams, readiness tracking, and study analytics to help learners prepare for the 300-410 exam.